At a psychology conference in England years ago, a woman said to me: “I’ll knock you up in the morning.” I was taken aback by her strange suggestion, but it occurred to me that I might not have understood what she really meant. As it turned out, what she had meant was, “I’ll knock on your door in the morning so that we can meet for breakfast to discuss the panel we’re on.”
This example of the difference in the meaning of “knock you up” in British and American English shows the complicated situations that can result from cultural misunderstandings. A cultural misunderstanding occurs when something — a word, gesture, object, social context, or almost anything you can think of — has a different meaning in two cultures. Sometimes the misunderstandings get resolved, sometimes they lead nowhere, and sometimes they can become the starting point of something much more extreme, from love to war.
Race is one area where cultural misunderstandings are common. We Americans tend to assume that racial categories are biological rather than social, so it may not occur to us that people from other cultures have a different set of racial concepts and classify themselves and us differently. Some African Americans complain that certain immigrants from other countries, such as Haiti or Jamaica, “act as if they aren’t black.” The cultural misunderstanding is that, in the immigrants’ countries of origin, they would never describe themselves as “black”. This doesn’t mean that they think they are white. It just means that their cultures have more categories, like marabou or grimaud in Haiti, or fair or brown in Jamaica, than are used in the United States. Meanwhile, white people in America, unaware of this cultural diversity, sometimes refer to all darker-skinned people as “black” without realizing that an issue exists.
Resolving cultural misunderstandings can clear the air or even lead to laughter. Sometimes, though, when it comes to race, unidentified cultural misunderstandings can create tension, unhappiness and distrust.The main purpose of the first paragraph is to .
| A．show that language misunderstandings would cause big problems |
| B．show the differences between British and American English |
| C．explain in general what cultural misunderstandings are |
| D．introduce the idea of cultural misunderstandings with a story |
The underlined word “resolved” probably means .
| A．complicated | B．settled | C．accepted | D．noticed |
We can learn from the passage that cultural misunderstandings .
| A．mostly come from body language |
| B．are the most serious social problem in the US |
| C．can cause negative feelings among people |
| D．can be cleared up with laughter |
What is the author’s opinion about cultural misunderstandings?
| A．There’s no need to notice racial differences. |
| B．Haitians prefer to be described as fair or brown. |
| C．Cultural misunderstandings based on racial categories may be difficult to spot. |
| D．Americans are especially likely to misunderstand people from other cultures. |
第二节（共5小题，每题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。
| A．How a good teacher acts in class |
| B．Acting: natural expression of fixed words and movements |
| C．Teaching: a student-centered creative process |
| D．Similarities between teaching and acting |
E. Differences between teaching and acting
F. A good teacher, not necessarily a good actor
61. ____________________________
To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear.
62. ____________________________
Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit unmoved before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, his hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feeling. Listen to him, and you will hear the loudness, the quality and the musical note if his voice always changes according to what he is talking about.
63. ____________________________
The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, and even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.
64. ____________________________
A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play: they ask questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his audience. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.
65. ____________________________
As a good teacher presently, you must take your audience as your friends, take care of them, help them and give them enough freedom and space. I have known many teachers who are fine actors in class but are unable to take part in a stage play because their brains can’t keep discipline: they cannot keep strictly to what another has written.
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1. All the following are the advantages of a Routemaster EXCEPT _______.
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C. a PA system D. carrying up to 70 guests
2.If you are having a birthday party with 71 guests , what kind of vehicle will you hire?
A. A Routermaster B. A Double Decker bus
C. A Single Decker bus D. A horse-tram
3. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. London United Busways has a history of more than 200 years
B. London United Busways provides matches and concerts in Twickenham Stadium and Wembley Stadium throughout the year
C. all the passengers on the Private Hire vehicle’s should be seated
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A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features(特定 )as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there in and out glancing at one piece reading another article all the way through , reading just a few paragraphs of the next.A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality(时事性 ) , its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的 ) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper . For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.
1. A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its______.
A. wide coverage B. uniform style
C. speed in reporting news D. popularity
2.According to the passage the reason why no two people really read the “same” newspaper is that _______.
A. people scan for the news they are interested in
B. different people prefer different newspapers
C. people are rarely interested in the same kind of news
D. people have different views about what a good newspaper is
3. It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers ______.
A. apply reading techniques skillfully
B. jump from one newspaper to another
C. appreciate the variety of a newspaper
D. usually read a newspaper selectively
4.A good newspaper offers “ a variety” to readers because____.
A. it tries to serve different readers
B. it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality
C. reader are difficult to please
D. readers like to read different newspapers
5. The best title for this passage would be _____.
A. The Importance of Newspaper Topicality
B. The Characteristics of a Good newspaper
C. The Variety of a Good Newspaper
D. Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper
Since its invention 100 years ago, plastic , the superstar of the technological age, has become ugly and ungreen . But that’s about to change. An exhibition at London’s Science Museum this week could put it back on the cutting edge of science.
Have you ever hesitated in donating blood? The invention of “plastic blood” might make you feel better.
British scientists are working on the artificial blood as a replacement for real blood in emergency situations. It is made of plastic molecules(分子 ) and can join oxygen and transport it around the body. As a red, honey-like glue , plastic blood can be carried around conveniently . You just add water to make as much blood as you need.
The cells of our body are strict about what molecules the let in and out . For example , if we inject protein or DNA directly into the body, our immune ( 免疫 ) SYSTEM WILL DESTROY IT BEFORE IT REACHES THE CELLS.
To get around this , a British scientist has created drug-carrying plastic balls that fool the body into thinking they are natural. Once inside the cell, their contents are spread out through a small controlled explosion.
Skin transplants are widely done these days. But removing a piece of skin from, say , the bottom to plant it on the face can hurt and be troublesome.
The British company, Celltran, is working on plastic skin. Using plastic, they plan to take a small piece of the patient’s skin and grow it into an extra lay of skin on top of the plastic. a
The plastic feels similar to skin, so skin cells like to grow on it. The plastic then gradually disappears, without any reaction or infection .
1. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The superstar of technological age
B. An exhibition at London’s Science Museum
C. No more “white pollution”
D. Plastic takes on a new life
2. Which of the following will be on display at the exhibition at London’s Science Museum?
A. Plastic cells B. Plastic skin
C. Plastic molecules D. Plastic transplants
3. The phrase “get around “ in Paragraph 5 means closest to ______.
A. overcome B. end C. ensure D. pass
4.Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. Plastic blood will be injected into the body in drug-carrying plastic balls
B.The plastic skin will remain a part of the new skin
C. Plastic blood will take the place of real blood
D. Plastic blood contains a lot of water
第二部分阅读理解第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C 和D 中，选出最佳答案。
In 1999, 11-year –old Kevin Stephan was a bat boy for his younger brother’s Little League team in Lancaster, New York. It was an early evening in late July. The sun slanting across the field, the game unfolding in baseball time, Kevin was standing on the grass away from the plate ,where another youngster was warming up. Swinging his bat back and forth, giving it all the power an elementary school kid could collect, the boy brought the bat back hard and hit Kevin square in the chest. His heart stopped.
When Kevin fell to the ground , the mother of one the players rushed out of the stands to his aid. Penny Brown hadn’t planned to be there that day, but at the last minute, her shift at the hospital had been changed , and she was given the night off.
Penny bent over the unconscious boy , his face already starting to turn blue, and applied CPR, breathing into his mouth and doing chest compressions(按压)
And he came back.
It was a good thing, for a good kid. Kevin wasn’t just a volunteer for his brother’s baseball team he was a Boy Scout(童子军) , learning various useful skills. Kevin later became a volunteer junior firefighter, learning some of the emergency first-aid techniques that had saved his life. He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dishwasher in a local restaurant. He liked the people, but the work could be hard and pretty routine until the afternoon of January 27 2006.
Kevin was working in the kitchen when he heard people screaming. He rushed into the main room and saw a woman there, her face turning blue ,her hands at her throat. She was choking.
Quickly Kevin stepped behind her and wrapped his arms around her. Then using skills he’d learned in Scouts, he jerked inward and up ,once , twice, using the Heimlich maneuver. The food that was trapped in the woman’s throat was freed. The color began to return to her face.
“ The food was stuck. I couldn’t breathe,” she said. She thought she was dying. “I was very frightened.”
Guess who the woman was? Penny Brown.
1. How was Kevin seriously injured in 1999?
A. His hear disease overtook him.
B. He fought with a boy doing baseball warming up.
C. A bat hit him unexpectedly in the chest.
D. He swung his bat too fiercely and hurt himself.
2. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 5 refer to ?
A. That Kevin was a bat boy. B. That Kevin got injured.
C. That Kevin was a Boy Scout.
D. That Kevin was successfully saved.
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A. In Scouts children can learn many practical skills.
B. CPR can be used to treat one that has no heartbeat.
C. Kevin dreamed of becoming a firefighter in the future.
D. The Heimlich maneuver is an effective way to help those who choke.