About 97% of the world's water is salty and is found in our oceans and seas. But, as we can't drink seawater, how can it be important?
Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals and fish that live at different ocean depths. Most of the different species of animals and fish depend on simple plants for their food. These simple plants called algae (海藻) drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen. In fact, algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe. How important seawater is!
Each plant or animal in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain. The algae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic animals, which are in turn consumed by larger animals. These food chains are delicately balanced.
The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of man. People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didn't matter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food. But we now know this is not true and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop.
Thankfully, the world is taking steps to protect the future of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect marine habitats. Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions to protect fish stocks in the oceans and new techniques are being pioneered to cope with pollution. Finally, the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to more people. This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future. We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet. How important seawater is!People used to think that the rubbish thrown into the sea ________.
| A．wouldn't harm the fish in the sea |
| B．would change the balance of the food chain |
| C．would be broken down in the sea |
| D．wouldn't do much harm to the sea |
From the passage, we learn that ________.
| A．most fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seas |
| B．it is very difficult to break the balance of a food chain |
| C．excessive fishing has caused the decrease in fish stock |
| D．it won't be long before the problems concerning oceans will be solved |
Which of the following is NOT a way being used to protect oceans?
| A．The use of international agreements. |
| B．Forbidding fishing to protect fish stocks. |
| C．The use of new techniques. |
| D．Raising people's awareness of the need to protect oceans. |
What would be the BEST title of the passage?
A. The importance of seawater.
B. Life in the oceans.
C. How to protect food chains.
.
Many parents find that their children act very mean to their friends. They wonder what they can do about this behavior without squashing their spirit. Here is what parenting experts explain and suggest:
Pre-schoolers have no idea how others feel. They are in the process of understanding their own feelings and have not yet developed “emotional intelligence”. Children of this age also do things just because it can make them feel powerful when they are able to make others respond.
Here are some things you can do to reduce the mean talk: When the child’s in a good mood, look her in the eyes and lovingly tell her how you feel when she speaks in a mean way to another child. Have a look of disappointment on your face and role-play with her to show her the behavior you would like to see. Then, every time you see her demonstrating the “nice” interaction with others, stop what you’re doing, give her eyes contact and make a big deal out of it. Young children need to know what good behavior looks like with regular encouragement. When you catch her being mean to a child, get down on your knees next to her, and, with your arm around her, face the child that is receiving her meanness, and apologize to the child for both of you, then walk away. As soon as the other child is away, let your daughter know how disappointed you are in her behavior and quickly let it go.
Parents should set up a consequence when this negative behavior occurs. You can give these other ideas a try first. If you’re not seeing any results after a few times, then go ahead and set up the consequence（such as not being able to play with that child). Avoid using “time out” because it doesn’t work. It gives the child too much power and too much attention. The most effective consequences are those that are directly tied to the behavior. If she is being mean to children, then the play session ends. And most importantly, set up this consequence in advance when the negative behavior is NOT occurring.
If you should catch her being a “bully” to another child, and she has somehow hurt him or her, immediately put all your attention on the victim, not her. Don’t scold or punish your daughter. Softly, gently, and immediately, nurture the hurt child and get your daughter to assist you in the nurturing. When things have calmed down, let her know face to face how disappointed you are in her behavior, not her as a child.
65. When a child talks mean to his friend, the best way to correct it is to___________.
A. tell him directly that it is a wrong doing
B. demonstrate what a good behavior is
C. make him apologize to his friend
D. ask his friend not to play with him anymore
66. The underlined phrase “make a big deal out of it ” in paragraph 2 probably
Means_____________.
A. show some disappointment B. say a few words of praise
C. exchange gifts with the child D. present a surprised look
67. When dealing with a child’s mean action, you shouldn’t___________.
A. punish her in the presence of her friend.
B. put on a disappointed look on your face
C. tell her that you are unhappy to see that
D. nurture the hurt child immediately
68. The passage is mainly about how to___________
A. bring up children
B. solve pre-school children’s problems
C. help children make friends
D. guide children when bad behaviors occur
.
Today, air travel is far safer than driving a car on a busy motor-way. But still there is a danger that grows every year. Airliners get larger and larger. Some airplanes can carry over 300 passengers. And the air itself becomes more and more crowded. If one large airliner struck into another in midair, 600 lives could be lost.
From the moment an airliner takes off to the moment it lands, every movement is watched on radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell the pilot exactly when to turn, when to climb, and when to come down. The air traffic controllers around a busy airport like London-Heathrow may deal with 2,500 planes a day. Not all of them actually land at the airport. Any plane that flies near the airport comes under the orders of the controllers there. Even a small mistake on their part could cause a terrible accident.
Recently such a disaster almost happened. Two large jets were flying towards the airport. One was carrying 69 passengers from Toronto, the other 176 passengers from Chicago. An air traffic controller noticed on his radar screen that the two planes were too close to each other. He ordered one to turn to the right and to climb．But he made a mistake. He ordered the wrong plane to do this. So, instead of turning away from the second plane, the first plane turned towards it. Fifteen seconds later it flew directly in front of the second plane. They avoided (避免) each other by the smallest part of a second. The distance between them was less than that of a large swimming pool. This is an example of the danger that grows every year.
61. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Traveling by air is as safe as by car．
B. Traveling by air is not as safe as by car．
C. Traveling by car is as dangerous as by air．
D .Traveling by car is more dangerous than by air．
62. The air traffic controllers of an airport ____．
A. control all the planes flying near the airport
B. give orders to planes leaving the airport
C. only deal with the planes that want to land there
D. are allowed to handle 250 planes a day
63. The danger of air crashes grows every year because ____．
A. airliners are getting larger and air traffic is becoming heavier
B. a pilot does not always hear a controller’s order
C. a controller is likely to make more and more mistakes
D. airports can hardly serve the growing number of airplanes
64. The example in the passage is to show that ____．
A. air traffic controllers are often careless
B. air traffic controllers should pay much attention to avoiding accidents
C. it is difficult for airplanes to avoid terrible accidents
D. two planes should not fly too close to each other
.
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An 80-year-old couple was having problems remembering things, so they decided to go to their doctor to get checked out to make sure nothing was wrong with them.
When they arrived at the doctor’s, they explained to the doctor about the problems they were having with their memory. After checking the couple out, the doctor told them that they were physically okay but might want to start writing things down and make notes to help them remember things. The couple thanked the doctor and left.
Later that night, while watching TV, the man got up from his chair and his wife asked, “Where are you going?”
He replied, “To the kitchen.”
She asked, “Will you get me a cup of ice cream?”
He replied, “Sure.”
She then asked him, “Don’t you think you should write it down so you can remember it?”
He said, “No, I can remember that.”
She then said, “Well, I would also like some strawberries on top. You had better write that down because I know you’ll forget that.”
He said, “I can remember that. You want a cup of ice cream with strawberries.”
She replied, “Well, I also would like some whipped cream on top. I know you will forget that so you’d better write it down.”
With anger in his voice, he said, “I don’t need to write that down! I can remember that.” He then went into the kitchen.
After about 20 minutes he returned from the kitchen and handed her a plate of bacon and eggs. She stared at the plate for a moment and said angrily, “I told you to write it down! You forgot my bread!”
56. The doctor suggested the couple that they should ____.
A. live with their childrenB. keep notes to improve their memory
C. do some sportsD. have an operation
57. While watching TV, the wife asked her husband to take her ____.
A. some strawberries B. something in the kitchen
C. a plate of bacon and eggs D. ice cream with strawberries and whipped cream
58. After seeing the doctor, the couple ____.
A. changed their life totally B. followed the doctor’s advice
C. did anything as before D. found the way of taking notes helpful
59. The husband got angry because his wife ____.
A. asked him to take her an ice cream
B. complained he forgot to take her bread
C. asked him to take her a plate of bacon and eggs
D. reminded him to write down what he would do
60. From the passage we can infer that the old couple ____.
A. still had something wrong with their memory after seeing the doctor
B. had poor health, so they went to see their doctor
C. obeyed their doctor’s advice and carried it out successfully
D. got their memory improved after seeing the doctor
You can love them or hate them, but no matter which tourist destination you visit, chances are you’ll see someone with their head buried in a Lonely Planet guidebook.
Lonely Planet is one of the world’s largest travel guide brands, publishing more than 500 different guides in eight languages. The popular brand also produces television shows, websites and podcasts(播客)all devoted to travel.
Some people praise Lonely Planet books because they make traveling easy and affordable. They also save time and make sure you don’t miss the best things.
They also provide the reviews of hostels, restaurants and ticket information about your destination.
This can be great if you’re a nervous traveler, or if you haven’t traveled by yourself before. If you’re in a country where you don’t speak the language, sometimes there’s nothing better than getting into a taxi and opening up a guidebook. You simply point to a map that directs the taxi driver to a hostel that’s cheap and clean, with friendly staff and cold beer.
But others criticize Lonely Planet and other travel guide publishers like them. They say guidebooks take the fun and spontaneity(自发性)out of 
traveling, and that part of the enjoyment of travel comes from the fact that anything can happen. They also regret that if you follow a guidebook, you’ll end up doing the same thing and having the same experience as everyone else. You might end up seeing the same group of people over and over, because everyone is reading the same book and following the same route.
Another criticism of travel guides is that they have a large impact on local communities. For example, some locals devote their lives to behaving in ways that attract tourists. They pretend to live a traditional lifestyle, wear traditional clothes and live in traditional houses in order to attract the tourist dollar.The Lonely Planet guidebook can bring you the following advantages EXCEPT th
at ___.
| A．you can speak a foreign language when opening a guidebook |
| B．you can easily find a nice place to stay in a strange city |
| C．it provides lots of useful information about your destination |
| D．it can help you save time and money when traveling |
People criticize the guidebook because __________.
| A．it is not as useful as most travelers expect |
| B．tourist destinations will be crowded if everyone follows the same route |
| C．travelers may not get the chance to have unexpected adventures |
| D．local people keep modern lifestyles under its influence |
What do we know about the Lonely Planet guidebook from the text?
| A．It’s a world-famous brand only producing guidebooks for travelers. |
| B．It’s very useful to a person who’s nervous about touring an unfamiliar place. |
| C．It’s very useful to a tourist who likes to repeat others’ experiences. |
| D．It is loved by all travelers because of the convenience it brings to travelers. |
Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (①—⑦ stand for Paragraph 1 — Paragraph 7 )
Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be described in one word; radiation(辐射).
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected (探测) by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being completely by killing masses of cells in important organs (器官). But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed completely. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(放射治疗) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth. According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in ________
__.
| A．nuclear mystery | B．radiation detection |
| C．radiation level | D．nuclear radiation |
Radiation can lead to serious results even at the lowest level ________.
| A．when it kills few cells | B．if it damages few cells |
| C．though the damaged cells can repair themselves | |
D． unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves |
Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can _____.
| A．kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately |
| B．damage cells which may grow into cancer years later |
| C．affect the healthy growth of our younger generation |
| D．lead to all of the above results |
Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?
| A．The importance of protection from radiation can be overemphasized (过分强调). |
| B．The mystery about radiation remains unsolved. |
| C．Cancer is mainly caused by radiation. |
| D．Radiation can hurt those who do not know about its danger. |