Thereisverysimplewayofmeasurin-优题课

About 90 percent of Chinese believe the polarization(分化) between the rich and poor is “serious” in China, according to a survey conducted by China Youth Daily. And more than 80 percent of the respondents(对象) surveyed said something must be done to narrow the expanding gap between the rich and poor, while 14.1 percent said it was necessary.
The polarization has aroused wide concern among the public in recent years. The State Development and Reform Commission(国家发改委) said the Gini Coefficient had reached 0.47 for China, up from o.29 two decades ago. Usually, a country with a number above 0.4 is warned to pay attention to the income inequality problem.
To find out the people’s view, the survey covered 10,250 respondents, between the ages of 20 and 30 with a college education and a monthly salary between 1,000 and 3,000 yuan. Surprisingly, most disagreed with the view of experts who claim the urban-rural difference is causing the widening gap. More than 70 percent of the respondents believed that “ the group of special interests” is the prime reason for the polarization, followed by “people in power” 68 percent, and “bosses” 50 percent.
Another unexpected finding is that almost all agreed that a good educational background and knowledge were not the decisive factors in gaining wealth. About 95 percent said rich people are not necessarily those who are able to speak English or have a college education.
Today in China, rich people , accounting for 10 percent of the population, control 45 percent of the total social fortune, and poor people, also 10 percent of the population, only control 1.5 percent, according to an investigation published by the National Bureau of Statistics last June.
It can be inferred that the Gini Coefficient ( in paragraph 2) would probably be _____.

A．the unit used in advanced mathematics

B．the degree of a country’s development

C．the level of the citizen’s living standard

D．a measure of income inequality

Experts hold the view that the main reason for the polarization is _____.

A．the urban-rural difference	B．the group of special interests
C．the people in power	D．the bosses

Which of the following can show the correct proportion(比例) of the social fortune among population?

What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Close the Gap between the Rich and Poor

B．Surveys conducted by China Youth Daily

C．Higher education, Higher pay

D．Rich-Poor Divide Serious, Study Finds

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually was made up of saying poetry aloud and giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates(应试者) for the doctor’s degree.
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, looks like a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
One type of test is sometimes called an “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
The main idea of Paragraph Three is that ___________ .

A．workers now take examinations	B．the population has grown
C．there are only written exams today	D．examinations are now written and timed

The kind of exams where students must select answers are ___________ .

A．objective

B．personal

C．spoken

D．written

Modern industry must have developed ____________ .

A．around the 19th century	B．before the Middle Ages
C．in Greece or Rome	D．machines to take tests

It may be concluded that testing __________ .

A．should test only opinions	B．should always be written
C．is given only in factories	D．has changed since the Middle Ages

D
The Life Lab Garden Classroom is a two-acre, interactive （互动的）and educational garden located at the Center for Agro-ecology（农业生态） and Sustainable Food Systems Farm on the university of California, Santa Cruz campus. People of all ages can discover ecological concepts in this hands-on, living laboratory. Learn about plants, nature, weather, organic（绿色的） gardening, life cycles.
The Garden Classroom is open to the public every day from 8 am to 6 pm. Free Admission!
The Garden Classroom offers:

Field Trips	The Garden Classroom offers guided garden-based field trips for elementary school classes in the spring and fall. Themes include food systems, soil, recycling and so on.
Summer Camp	Each summer students explore the garden and surrounding natural areas to learn science concepts, gardening basics, crafts and cooking skills .
Workshops	A variety of garden-based workshops are offered for teachers and the public in the Garden Classroom and at school sites and conferences.
Special Events	Life Lab offers classes for students, after-school and home school programs, teacher conferences, and private events in the Garden Classroom.

The Garden Classroom was made possible through generous contributions from The David and Lucile Packard Foundation and many other organizations and individuals.
68. The text is probably taken from .
A. a history book B. a hotel instruction
C . an English dictionary D. a tourist guidebook
69. The Life Garden Classroom is a place where people .
A. grow plants and flowers B. see different kinds of rare plants
C . learn about plants and living creatures D. know about the University of California
70. Tony is in Senior 1. He is quite interested in exploring the science concepts and making crafts. Which program will he choose?
A. Field Trips B. Summer Camp C . Workshops D. Special Events.
71. We can know all the following from the text except.
A. where the Life Lab Garden Classroom lies and its exact size
B. when people can come to the Life Lab Garden Classroom
C . that people are free to visit the Life Lab Garden Classroom every year
D. that the Life Lab Garden Classroom is supported by the government.

C
A man living absolutely alone in a desert or forest is free from other people; but he is not absolutely free. His freedom is limited in several ways. Firstly, by the things around him, such as wild animals or cliffs. Secondly, by his own needs: he must have sleep, water, food and shelter from extreme heat or cold. Lastly, by his own nature as a man: disease may attack him, and death will certainly come to him sooner or later.
On the other hand, when men become organized into very large groups and civilization develops, it is possible to get freedom from hunger, thirst, cold, heat, and many diseases, so that each person can live a happier life than he could if he were living alone; but such a society can not work successfully unless the freedom of each human being is to some extent limited so that he is kept from hurting others. I am not free to kill others, nor to steal someone else’s property , nor to act in a way that does wrong against the moral sense of the society in which we live. I have to limit my own freedom myself so that others will not limit it too much: I agree to respect the rights of others, and in return they agree to respect mine.
The advantages of such an agreement are great: one can become a doctor knowing that others will grow food, make clothes and build a house for him, in return for the work he does to keep them healthy. If each man had to grow his own food, make his own clothes, build his own house and learn to be his own doctor, he would find it impossible to do any one of these jobs really well. By working together, we make it possible for society to provide us all with food , clothes, shelter and medical care, while leaving each of us with as much freedom as it can.
64. A man living alone in a desert or forest .
A. is absolutely free B. feels happy
C . has limited freedom D. enjoys no freedom
65. According to the writer, he limits his freedom because .
A. hunger, thirst and disease limit him B. others won’t limit theirs
C . the moral sense of the society limits him D. others will respect his
66. The author suggests that when men live together .
A. they have a safer and easier life B. they are not free at all
C . they must build shelters for others D. they can get more protection
67.This text is written mainly to show that .
A. one can have all his freedom by living on his own
B. one has limited freedom just because of his own nature
C . one must fight for his freedom if he’s free from other people
D. one will have much freedom by working together with others

B
Expressions about water are mostly as common as water itself.
The expression “to be in hot water” is one of them. It is a very old expression. Hot water was used five hundred years ago to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle. That no longer happens. But we still get “in hot water”. When we are in hot water, we are in trouble. It can be any kind of trouble, serious or not so serious. A person who breaks a law can be in hot water with the police. A young boy can be in hot water with his mother if he walks in the house with dirty shoes.
“Being in deep water” is somewhat like being in hot water. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult position. Imagine a person who can not swim being thrown in water over his head. You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you don’t have the ability to solve. You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks without knowing anything about the stock market.
“To keep your head above water” is a colorful expression that means staying out of debt. A company seeks to keep its head above water during economic hard times. A man who loses his job tries to keep his head above water until he finds a new job.
“Water over the dam” is another expression about past events. It is something that is finished, and cannot be changed. The expression comes from the idea that water has floated over a dam and cannot be brought back again. When a friend is troubled by a mistake he or she has made, you might tell him or her to forget about it. You say it is water over the dam.
Another common expression “to hold water” is about the strength or weakness of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about . It probably comes from a way of testing the condition of a container. If it can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes; if it does not hold water, then, it is weak and not worth debating.
“Throwing cold water” also is an expression that deals with ideas or proposals. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems, but your wife throws cold water on the idea because she says a new car costs too much.
60. Don’t cheat in this exam! Or you’ll if you are caught cheating by the teacher.
A. be in hot wate B. have to hold water
C . be in deep water D. keep your head above water
61.The expression using water in Paragraph has almost the same meaning as “Things done cannot be undone.”
A. 3 B. 4 C . 5 D. 6
62. We can see from this passage that many of the expressions using water have meanings.
A. double B. unpleasant C . close D. moral
63.The best title for this passage should be .
A. The history of water B. Cold water or hot water
C . Water and it culture D. Expressions concerning water