Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggested.
Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives, mostly by reducing preventable deaths from heart and lung diseases, according to studies released Wednesday and published in a special issue of The Lancet, a British medical journal.
"Relying on fossil fuels leads to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing our chances of getting sick and in some cases takes years from our lives," US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a telecast briefing from her home state of Kansas. "As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular（心血管） and respiratory（呼吸道） diseases. This is not a small effect."
Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, said Linda Birnbaum, director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative, the researchers conceded, based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung（粪便）, charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.
And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people, doctors said.
"Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change," said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Wilkinson said the individual studies came up with numbers of premature deaths prevented or extra years of life added for certain places.
For example, switching to low-polluting cars in London and Delhi, India, would save 160 lost years of life in London and nearly 1,700 in Delhi for every million residents, one study found. But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.What does the passage mainly talk about? _______.
| A．How can people live longer? |
| B．Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves lives. |
| C．Global warming threatens people’s lives. |
| D．People should stop relying on fossil fuels. |
The new research differs from past studies in that _______.
| A．it focuses on the immediate benefits of cutting carbon dioxide emissions |
| B．it studies the bad effects arising from future global warming |
| C．it is believed by more people |
| D．it mainly targets at developing countries |
According to Kathleen Sebelius, _______.
| A．sometimes it takes years to see the bad effects caused by consuming fossil fuels |
| B．without greenhouse gas emissions, people would not die of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases |
| C．the main reason why people get sick is that they rely on fossil fuels |
| D．deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are closely related to greenhouse gas emissions |
Which of the following is the most practical way to cut carbon dioxide emissions according to the passage? _________.
| A．Driving less |
| B．Walking and cycling as much as possible. |
| C．Stopping using fossil fuels |
| D．Reducing the use of polluting fuels to cook. |
It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
| A．London and Delhi have already benefited from reducing greenhouse gas emissions |
| B．switching to low-polluting cars would save 160 lives in London each year |
| C．walking and biking instead of driving will reduce the chance of heart disease |
| D．attacking health problems and dealing with climate change are contradictory |
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My House
My mother moved a lot when she was growing up on account of Grandpa being in the army. She hated having to adjust to new schools and make new friends. That's why I thought she was joking when she put forward the idea of moving. But she was completely serious. "For just the two of us," my mother said, "an apartment in the city will suit our needs much better." Personally, I think she's lost her mind. I guess I can understand why she would want to move, but what about me and what this house means to me?
I suppose if you looked at my house, you might think it was just another country house. But to me it is anything but standard. I moved into this house with my parents ten years ago. I can still remember that first day like it was yesterday. The first thing I noticed was the big front yard. To me it seemed like an ocean of grass—I couldn't wait to dive in. The backyard was full of gnarled (扭曲的，粗糙的) and scary trees that talk on windy nights. But I grew to like them and the shadows they cast in my room. My father and I even built a small tree house, where I often go to remember all the wonderful times we had before Father's death.
This house is special—maybe only to me—but special nevertheless. It's the little seemingly insignificant things that make this house so special to me: the ice-cold tile floors that make me tremble on midnight snack runs; the smell of my father's pipe that still exists; the towering bookcases of my mother; the view outside my bedroom window.
This house holds too many memories, memories which would be lost if we gave it up.
59. Why did the author's mother decide to move?
A. Because she hated the countryside.
B. Because Grandpa was on constant move.
C. Because Dad's death made her lose her mind.
D. Because she thought a city flat more fit for them.
60. What impressed the author when she first moved into the house?
A. The tree house. B. The big trees.
C. The cold floors. D. The green grass.
61. How did the author let us feel that the house was special to her?
A. By arguing whether the house was standard.
B. By explaining why the house suited their needs.
C. By describing the small things related to her house.
D. By comparing the differences between country and city life.
62. The author describes the house with
A. affectionB. responsibility C. commitmentD. enthusiasm
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第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Experience the Colorado River the Hualapai Way!
River Runners offers the ONLY One Day Whitewater trip ANYWHERE at the
GRAND CANYON!
Since 1973, Hualapai River Runners has been conducting whitewater rafting (漂流) journeys on the Colorado River. Our experienced guides expertly sail along the river and share the history of the Canyon and the Hualapai people with you.
Visitors experience the excitement of whitewater rapids and then stop to enjoy the impressive beauty of Travertine Falls and a tasty lunch. No charge for children 2 years and under.
One-Day Trip
Retail $249.00 + $79.00 (helicopter and round-trip ground transportation)
Whitewater rafting tours begin in Peach Springs. Hualapai River Runners transports you to Diamond Creek, which is the starting point for the 37 mile rafting tour. Lunch is included and upon arrival at the rafting tour termination point, fly out of the Grand Canyon by helicopter to Grand Canyon West.
Two-Day Trip
Retail $549.00 + $79.00 (helicopter and round-trip ground transportation)
Two-day rafting trips with one night on the Colorado River. All supplies and meals are included. Two days in the Grand Canyon, on the Colorado River, allows more time to explore one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Tours Include:
·Round-trip transportation from Peach Springs to the starting point and from the termination point back to Peach Springs.
·Snack, drinks and lunch (vegetarian meals available upon request)
·Waterproof dry bags for storing your cameras, sunscreen, dry clothes, etc.
The helicopter part of transportation is weather permitting. If the helicopter transportation is cancelled because of bad weather, the raft will continue an additional two hours to South Cove and a maximum $20.00 per customer will be given back.
Special Website booking rate 15% off rafting in April 2010. So book now!
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56. Where do whitewater rafting tours start?
A. Travertine Falls. B. Peach Springs.
C. Diamond Creek. D. Grand Canyon West.
57. We learn from the passage that ________________________.
A. Hualapai River Runners provides dry clothes
B. you will get $20 back if you are dissatisfied
C. the trip is free of charge for children under 2
D. online booking has a better offer all year round
58. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To attract people to the sights.
B. To explore the Hualapai culture.
C. To explain how to make a rafting trip.
D. To introduce the history of the Colorado River.
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It is often difficult for visitors to understand Americans lack of desire for privacy(隐私) . They are not a nation of walled gardens and closed gates. Their yards normally run into one another without fences, they often visit one another’s homes without being invited or telephoning first, they leave their office doors open while they work.
Their lack of desire for privacy probable results from their history as a nation. America is a big country. There have never been walled cities in the United States, nor was there the need for Americans to protect themselves from neighboring states. During the early years, America had so few settlers that neighbors were very important, they were not to be shut out by doors and fences. Neighbors offered protection and helped in the hard work of settling the land. They depended upon each other.
From the nation’s early history has come the desire for openness rather than privacy. Visitors will notice this desire in a number of small ways, there may be rooms in American homes that do not have doors or that have glass walls. If you notice that people forget to close your door when they leave your room, do not think that this is rude, help them to learn that you would like it to be closed, or else become used to new ways. In either case, be patient with the differences.
72. According to the passage, visitors to America sometimes have difficulty
understanding ___________.
A .Americans’ openness
B. American’s lack of desire for privacy
C. Americans’ way of home
D. American’s style of life
73. During the early years, people were never shut out by doors because _________.
A. they were neighbors
B. they were friends
C. they depended on each other
D. they got used to that
74. Visitors will notice American’s desire for openness in a way ___________.
A .they walled their houses with glass
B. they leave the office doors open while working
C. they never have fence
D. they depended upon each other
75. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A .No Walled Cities.
B. The Early Settlers
C. Americans’ Lack of Desire for Privacy
D. be Patient with Differences
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Global warming is the process of earth’s atmosphere heating up. Over the last 100 years, the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere has gone up 1 Fahrenheit. The weather has not changed exactly the same way in every area of the planet. But scientists think that the rise in average temperature is already affecting the earth’s climate.
Many scientists now believe that global warming is caused by cutting down trees, producing more trash, and polluting the environment are some of the reasons that the temperature has gone up. Many scientists believe that the biggest causes of global warming are new human technologies that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect is not new. Certain gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, prevent heat energy from escaping back into space. In the past, the climate didn’t change much because nature produced just the right amount of greenhouse gases to deal with it.
Today, most scientists are pretty sure that the rising temperature can’t be blamed on nature. Ever since the industrial revolution in the 1700s, humans have relied on machines for daily life. And many of those machines give off a lot of greenhouse gases. An increase in the release of greenhouse gases from human activities is throwing nature off balance.
The climate is a very complicated thing, but many scientists agree that the rising atmospheric temperature has already damaged the environment. Sheets of ice, called glaciers, are melting in Antarctica and other parts of the globe. As glaciers break off and melt into the oceans, they are adding warm water to the oceans and causing the sea level to rise.
Over the past last 100years, the sea level has risen 6-8 inches around the world. That means land along the coasts is beginning to disappear under water. Bigger and warmer oceans are also adding to other weather problems caused by pollution in the atmosphere. Some places have received more rain, others have had bigger storms and a few areas in the world have experienced unusual droughts.
68. What is mainly talked about in this passage?
A. The melting of glaciers.B. Global warming.
C. The world’s weather. D. The earth’s temperature.
69. What causes global warming according to scientists?
A. Human activities. B. The nature itself.
C. The earth’s atmosphere.D. New discoveries
70. How can greenhouse gases make the globe warm?
A. They keep heat in the atmosphere
B. They let the heat go out into space.
C. They release heat into the air.
D. They can make the other gases warm.
71. From the passage we can see that global warming will bring about _________.
A. the pollution in the atmosphere B. natural disasters
C. population pollution D. the rise of glaciers
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Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who lived between 1867---1934.
Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered two new elements (radium and polonium) and studied the x-rays. She found that the harmful properties of x-rays were able to kill tumors(肿瘤). By the end of World WarⅠ, Marie Curie was probably the most famous woman in the world. She had made a conscious decision, however, not to patent（申请专利）methods of processing radium or its medical applications.
Marie Curie was born on November 7, 1867, in Poland and died on July 4, 1934.
Her co-discovery with her husband Pierre Curie of the radioactive elements radium and polonium represents one of the best known stories in modern science for which they were recognized in 1901with the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was honored with a second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry, to honor her for successfully isolating pure radium and determining radium’s atomic weight.
As a child, Marie Curie amazed people with her great memory. She learned to read when she was only four years old. Her father was a professor of science and the instruments that he kept in a glass case fascinated Marie. She dreamed of becoming a scientist, but that would not be easy. Her family became very poor, and at the age of 18, Marie became a governess(家庭教师). In 1891, Marie attended the Sorbonne University in Paris where she met and married Pierre Curie, a well-known physicist.
Marie Curie contributed greatly to our understanding of radioactivity and the effects of x-rays. She received two Noble Prizes for her brilliant work, but died of leukemia, caused by her repeated exposure to radioactive material.
64. What does the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To give us a general introduction of Marie Curie.
B. To show us how Madame Curie discovered radium.
C. To tell us how Madame Curie received the Noble Prize.
D. To let us know something about Madame Curie’s childhood.
65. In this passage the underlined word “isolating” probably means________.
A. discovering B. inventing C. separating D. comparing
66. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Marie Curie could learn things by heart very easily as a child.
B. Marie Curie had a great ambition when she was young.
C. Marie Curie found it hard for her to receive high education.
D. Marie Curie received two Noble Prizes in physics.
67. Which is the right order of happenings in this passage?
a. married Pierre Curie b. attended University
c. discovered radium d. determined radium’s atomic weight
e. won the Noble Prize in physics
A. b, c, a, d, eB. b, a, c, d, e C. b, a, c, e, dD. b, c, a, e, d