Scientists,doctorsandmentalhea-优题课

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Color use in nature
Nature is very colorful, full of different hues（色调）that delight the eye. What makes these colors and why do they exist?
Causes of Colors in Nature
Colors in nature are formed in two ways. Pigments, like the melanin in skin and many animal furs, produce most blacks, browns, reds and yellows. Most plants are green due to chlorophyll（叶绿素）. Other colors are caused by structure, like many greens, blues, and whites. Blue bird’s feathers actually contain black pigment, but their structure causes them to appear blue. The scattering of light by tiny dust particles in the air, viewed against the black background of space, makes the sky look blue too.
Color Use in Plants
Color has a great effect on the survival of plants and animals. Flowers have bright hues and patterns to attract insects. These insects move from one flower to another, making sure seeds are produced. Bees can see colors we cannot, i.e. ultraviolet, and follow these patterns of stripes or dots to the inside of the flower.
Not only flowers but also fruits use color for the good of the plant. An unripe fruit mixes in with the leaves, but ripe berries contrast, becoming more appealing to the creatures who eat them. Birds are especially drawn to red fruit, and in turn help the plant by broadcasting its seeds.
Camouflage（伪装）in Nature
Many colors and patterns camouflage animals who want to avoid enemies. Some animals have damaging shapes to break up their outline, so an enemy will not recognize them. The eye, a very recognizable animal characteristic, is often disguised by a black stripe or patch. Light color below makes up for the shadow on the underside of many fish, amphibians and mammals.
Some animals even change colors to better camouflage themselves, seasonally like the snowshoe hare.
Warning Coloration and Mimicry（动态伪装）
Warning colors make an animal more visible rather than hidden. These usually indicate a negative aspect of the animal, like the bad taste of a monarch butterfly, smelly smell or painful bite of a bee. Usually black and a contrasting color (white, yellow, orange or red) form a striking pattern in these creatures, and frighten their enemies away. Nature is tricky, though, and sometimes harmless creatures pretend the patterns of harmful ones to scare off animals living on meat too.
Social Coloration in Nature
Sometimes coloration is important socially. Male birds, typically more colorful, defend their territories and attract females. Eggs may use color and pattern to remain hidden. When they hatch, parents feed the nestlings when they see the bright pattern in their gaping mouths.
Taking a closer look at nature throws light on how color is used in marvelous ways!

Color use in nature
_______ for colors in nature	Many colors are caused bywhich produce most blacks, browns, reds and yellows.
Other colors exist due to, like blue bird’s feathers, which appear blue but actually contain black pigment.
Color use in Plants	Flowers have bright hues and patterns to attract insects, and then insects’ moving from one flower to another makes seeds .
Fruits use colors, ripe color for example, to protect and help.
Color use in animals	Colors help many animals their killers. For example, damaging shapes can break up their outline, so an enemy will not recognize them.
Some animals, like snowshoe hares,change colors to camouflage them.
Using warning colors to make themselves more, thus frightening their enemies away.
Harmless creatures to be those harmful ones to scare off their enemies.
Social use in nature	Animals use colors to defend their territories and attract the sex.

阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示, 在每个空格内填空入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。
Wang Hai,
How are you doing? I would like to recommend a popular book to you.
Hopefully you will keep an on it.
_______
This book, Chicken Soup for the Soul, （写）by Jack Canfield,
_______
appeared in 1993 and soon became a bestseller. A huge nof copies have_______
been sold so . It will surely inspire readers of all ages. It has been put_______
into tens of languages, spreading love to all the world. Afrom this, an_______
English （版本）will be of great help to those English learners.
_______
I surfed the internet and found a website selling this book wprice is_______
64 yuan. But you can get it for 54.4 yuan through online shopping, (节省)_______
you 9.6 yuan. You can order it at dangdang.com and get the book w24 to_______
48 hours after your payment. Get one and enjoy it! action!_______
All the best.
Yours,
Li Hua

It’s great to receive your email. Now I’d like to tell you something
took place in my school yesterday. In the afternoon, we_
h______ a growing-up ceremony for our coming 18-year-old_
birthday. For _______ start we made an oath that
agrown-ups we should have a sense of duty for our society
from now on. Then we showed our tto our parents_
who had gone through hardships to ___ us up and_
teachers who have been educating us(耐心地). And our
teachers also gave us cards(表达) their good wishes to
us. Finally, we put on w__________ performances, singing and
dancing. We learned a lot from the _________(活动). I think it’s
very important for us. I will remember the day in my life

Until recently daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it __________（consider） an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very __________ （health） thing to do. Some researchers are finding that daydreaming may be important to mental health. Daydreaming, they tell us ,____ ___（be） a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some （surprise） conclusions.
Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves （concentrate）,attention span, and the ability _________ (get) along with others. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison picturedas an inventor. For these notable persons, it appears their daydreams came true. Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick offered this advice: “Hold a picture of yourself… in your mind’s eye, __________will drew you toward success. Picture yourself(vivid) as defeated and that alone will make victory impossible.

Commonly believed effects of colors	____________ emotional reactionsand correcting mood
____________ of colors and their effects	active colors ●bringing ____________ and cheerful attitude
passive colors ●making people calm, quiet and bringing people more ____________.
neutral colors ●helping to put the focus on other colors or tone down ________ colors
____________ to balance color and emotion	●using bright, warm colors to make a ___ , cool or dull room warm and comfortable ●using cool colors to create a calming environment in a bright room ●using _________ colors to send a peaceful message
Tips on picking out furniture	Picking out furniture that will give a visual contrast to ________ wall color choices