第二节：下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句。请从以下选项（A. B. C. D. E和 F）中选出适合各段落的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A. People will accept defeat easily.
B. Good sportsmanship (运动员精神) brings success.
C. Good sportsmanship brings happiness.
D. People can learn how to manage upsets.
E. Good sportsmanship reminds you of rules.
F. Good sportsmanship makes one responsible.
Should Good Sportsmanship Be Taught in School?
Almost everyone feels that it is important for young people to win fairly and show respect for others. Should good sportsmanship, then, be taught in school? The stronger argument, however, favors teaching good sportsmanship. Presented here are the most important benefits of teaching sportsmanship.________ Having a positive attitude in activities like sports, class elections, and science fair competitions are important to success in school. Activities involving winning or losing can be tense. Acting calmly under pressure helps young adults succeed not only in sports but also in life. Good sportsmanship is not a given; it must be promoted in school. Young people must be directed to role models who practice sportsmanship.
________ A person cannot play by the rules if he or she does not understand what the rules are. Many arguments on the playing field could be avoided if athletes understood their responsibilities. This also applies to other activities. If students enter a science fair competition, for example, they must follow the instructions. Additionally, knowledge provides a competitive advantage. Those who understand the rules are much more likely to succeed. In school, for example, success is definitely stressed. When students learn sportsmanship, they discover how the rules related to achievement.
_______ Using good sportsmanship helps people stay focused and in control. Almost everyone has overheard a heated argument between a player and a referee（裁判）. Good players do not argue with other players, coaches, or officials. They deal with upsets calmly; consequently, they stay in control of their game. Good players focus on achieving. Uncontrolled anger can actually cause a person to make errors. This result is especially embarrassing. Additionally, people can be labeled if they act out their upsets. A good sport is known for his or her positive conduct. Teaching students the consequences of their actions is part of sportsmanship.
_______ Good players become skilled at handling responsibility. When people accept responsibility, they achieve their best. Positive thinkers, moreover, influence others, especially those who are struggling with a problem. A gifted basketball player, for example, might teach skills to a less talented player. Helping others raises the performance of the entire team. The team, consequently, could reach new heights and set new records. Good sportsmanship, however, means “owning up” to mistakes as well. Those who do not practice sportsmanship pass off responsibility. For them, if an opportunity is lost, it is someone else’s fault. Imagine a team of players all acting in their own self-interest--- the opposite of what a team really should be. Students who participate in a team, whether a math small-group project or the school band, benefit by learning to accept responsibility and encourage others.
_______ Sportsmanship allows people to enjoy victory to the fullest. If people win, but their accomplishments are based on cheating or other immoral behavior, are they really winners? Good players follow the rules. They feel proud even in defeat because their game is based on honesty and respect. Winners congratulate their opponents（对手） as part of recognizing the efforts of others. This friendly behavior spreads goodwill from their team to other teams. Players who show respect for fans, coaches, and other players receive respect in return. They are recognized as leaders. In learning sportsmanship, students explore role models of positive behavior. They learn what it takes to be a leader; they also learn to win and lose with grace（风度）.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How can we all get more laughter into our lives? Here is what the experts suggest:Nancy Alguire, a teacher in Clifton Park, N. Y., was once painfully shy and had a hard time laughing. Then she married a circus clown (小丑). “I became interested in the clowns,” she recalls “One day I put on a costume and paint my face. That afternoon my whole life changed. I learned to laugh and enjoy life in a way I had never done before.”
To this day, she still makes it a rule to be with people who enjoy life and laughing.
It doesn’t take you too much time and can be easy. Collect favorite cartoons and jokes. Also, keep a paper for writing down humor you find in everyday life. “Good ideas come and go fast, you have to catch them quickly or they are gone,” says Virginia Tooper.
Laugh when you need it most. “” says comedian Bill Cosby. “And once you find laughter, no matter how painful your situation might by, you can survive it,” he insists.
Gray Alan, a sociology professor at the University of Minnesota, claims that laughter is a skill we can all gain – because it comes naturally. Just remember: we are just here for a period, so get a few laughs.
| A．Mix with people who laugh. |
| B．You can lessen your pain through humor. |
| C．Practise the art of laughing. |
| D．But it’s also something that has to be developed. |
E．He who laughs last laughs best.
F．People’s joy can affect those around them.
G．Keep a laughter file (文档).
七选五There is an English saying: “ ” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial. .Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated(忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. . They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
A．Laughter can prolong one’s life. |
B．As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. |
C．The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain. |
D．It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet. |
E. Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still can not put this theory into clinic practice.F. Laughter is the best medicine.G. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health
Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer(温度
计)for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear.____. We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don’t feel well, we use a thermometer t
o see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.
Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.
Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide._____.
The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury(水银)inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts(收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube.___.
First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap ; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw(吸管) through the nail hole._______.
Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water lever easily. _______.
As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week.
| A．People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world. |
| B．We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives. |
| C．Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled. |
| D．Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work. |
E．The wate
r will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.
F．They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100degrees.
G．Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal(把..粘住) them together.
阅读下列材料, 从所给的六个选项(A、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、和F) 中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。
________1. Jack just moved to a new place in Nelson. He wants to buy a house, but he hasn’t much money and his job is not well paid. So he needs a house whose price is about￡50,000 and at least has two bedrooms.
________2. Lucy is now 65 years old. She is not very healthy and it is difficult for her to move. So she now wants to find a bungalow (平房) in Earby so that she can easily go out of the house to enjoy the sun in winter and fresh air outside in summer.
________3 Alice was very poor before, but recently she got a highly paid job and wanted to change her house into a better one. But the house should at least have four bedrooms and two reception rooms. What’s more, it should look like the house in the countryside.
________4. Peter now lives in Nelson. He dreams of having a house with at least three bedrooms. Besides, he doesn’t like high buildings.
________ 5 Lynne has lived in Newchurch for many years and now she wants to buy a house for a change. She wants the house to be semi-detached (半独立式) or detached. She also wants a separate garage.
A.Top Barn Lane, Newchurch, Lancashire, ￡49,950, flat on 30th floor.2 bathrooms with 3-piece suite in white, 1 reception room, 1 large lounge, 1 fully fitted kitchen,2 double bedrooms.
B.Queensway, Newchurch, Lancashire, ￡109,500, semi-detached house. 2 countryside view fronts, 2 double bedrooms, 1 modern fitted dining room, 1 detached garage opposite.
C.White Leys Close, Earby, Barnoldswick, ￡129,950, bungalow. 2 bathrooms, 1 reception room, 1 living room split into sitting and dining areas, doors to garden, a kitchen with a range of fitted bases. Outside of the front is a road for two cars and a garden area.
D.Birch Hall Lane, Earby, Barnoldswick, ￡180,000. 5 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, 3 reception rooms. Traditional stone built houses next to some cottages on one side. There is a small cycle store and a long, beautiful wildlife garden.
E.Craven View, Nelson, Lancashire, ￡185,000. Bungalow, 3 bedrooms with fitted wardrobe, 2 bathrooms, 1 reception room, 1 L-shaped living room with sitting and dining areas, fireplace around, French windows to back gardens, 1 kitchen with bright lighting.
F.Farrer Street, Nelson, Lancashire, ￡ 45,000. A stone built house. Although requiring a degree of refurbishment (刷新), this two bedroomed house does still offer a good deal. It includes 1 dining kitchen, two bedrooms, three-piece bathroom, gas fired central heating and the yard to the back.
Here are some patients(病人), each of whom wants to see a doctor . Decide which doctor is suitable for the patient mentioned. There is an extra doctor that is not suitable for any of the patients.
1. _____ Patient one. He has a running nose all day. He has a fever and constant cough.
2. _____ Patient two . She sleeps poorly . She has difficulty in sleeping , and is unable to concentrate. She also has nightmares（恶梦）occasionally.
3. _____ Patient three. His tongue is red and sore (痛) all over . His breath smells bad and he has
a bad taste in his mouth .
4. _____ Patient four. His blood pressure is really high. His head aches when he bends over or lies down.
| A．Brown , a medical student majoring in oral cavity (口腔), is having his practice in a teaching hospital . Every day he meets quite a few people with a toothache , throat trouble and so on. |
B．Tom is a psychologist (心理学家) . He keeps in touch with his mental p atients by phone. |
C．Wood , an adviser and doctor in a hospital , thinks we shou ld pay more attention to what we eat . It is a problem that many people are becoming fatter and fatter. In his opinion, blood pressure is connected with it and he is trying his best to solve this kind of problem. |
| D．Mary , a female doctor , is doing research in breast-cancer . A lot of woman , she thinks , are suffering from this kind of disease all over the world . She has made up her mind to help these women. |
E. Mr. Smith is a very good physician. He works as a doctor in a hospital and he is an expert at curing common diseases .It is easy and convenient to see Mr. Smith.