OntheeveningofJune21,1992,atal-优题课

　　“First we make our habits，then our habits make us.”——Charles C．Noble
　　It’s such a simple concept，yet it's something we don’t always do. It’s not extremely difficult to do, and yet I think it’s something that would make a world of difference in anyone’s life. Break your goals into habits，and focus on putting those habits into autopilot. My belief is that having one goal to focus on is much more powerful than having many goals.
　　I try to turn my goals into habits，and in doing so，I put my goals on autopilot. Turning a goal into a habit means really focusing on it，seriously，for at least a month，to the exclusion of all else. The more you can focus on it, the more it’ll be put on autopilot. Let’s look at my marathon goal as an example. I was just starting out in running，and l had the brilliant idea to run a marathon within a year. But in order to achieve that goal，I broke it down into two habits：
　　1．I had to make running a daily habit.
　　2．I had to report to people in order to have accountability（责任）—I did this through family，friends and coworkers，through a blog，and through a column in my local newspaper every two weeks. With this accountability，there’s no way l would stop running.
　　The accountability habit took a couple of months，mainly because I didn’t focus on it too much while l was building the running habit. But it stuck，and for that first year of running，I would report to people I knew and blog about my running every day and I would write a column every two weeks for my local paper.
　　Once those two habits were firmly fixed，my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot. I still had to do the work，of course，but it didn’t require constant focus. And eventually，I ran the marathon. I was able to achieve this because，all year long，I had the daily running habit and daily accountability habit. I put my marathon goal into autopilot，and that made it much easier--instead of struggling with it daily for an entire year，I focused on it for one month and was able to accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals.
55．According to the passage，we can see the key to forming a habit is ______________.
A．to break the goals into habits
B．to report to other people about your plan
C．to set a reasonable goal first
D．to focus on the habit as much as possible
56．The author told people about his running in order to ______________.
A．get more support
B．ask for their opinions
C．carry out his plan better
D．earn more admiration
57．What do we know about the author？
A．He was a local athlete.
B．He often gave people advice.
C．He had no blogs before.
D．He wrote for a local newspaper.
58．The passage is mainly about ______________.
A．goals and habits
B．how to turn your goals into habits
C．habits and achievements
D．how to make running a good habit

第三部分阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
　　When Paul was a boy growing up in Utah，he happened to live near a copper smelter（炼铜厂），and the chemicals that poured out had made a wasteland out of what used to he a beautiful forest. One day a young visitor looked at this wasteland and called it an awful area. Paul knocked him down. From then on，something happened inside him.
　　Years later Paul was back in the area，and he went to the smelter office. He asked if they had any plans or if they would let him try to bring the trees back. The answer from that big industry was“No”.
　　Paul then went to college to study the science of plants. Unfortunately，his teachers said there weren't any birds or squirrels to spread the seeds. It would be a waste of his life to try to do it. Everyone knew that，he was told. Even if he was knowledgeable as he had expected，he wouldn’t get his idea accepted．
　　Paul later got married and had some kids. But his dream would not die. And then one night he did what he could with what he had. As Samuel Johnson wrote，“It is common to overlook what is near by keeping the eye fixed on something remote. Attainable good is often ignored by minds busied in wide ranges.”Under the cover of darkness，he went secretly into the wasteland and started planting.
　　And every week，he made his secret journey into the wasteland and planted trees and grass. For fifteen years he did this against the plain common sense. Slowly rabbits appeared. Later，as there was legal pressure to clean up the environment，the company actually hired Paul to do what he was already doing.
　　Now the place is fourteen thousand acres of trees and grass and bushes，and Paul has received almost every environmental award Utah has. It took him until his hair turned white，but he managed to keep that impossible vow he made to himself as a child.
51．When Paul was a boy，______________.
A．he had decided never to leave his hometown
B．the economy of Utah depended wholly on the copper smelter
C．no laws were made to protect the environment against pollution
D．he had determined to stop the copper smelter polluting the area
52．Why did Paul go to college to study the science of plants？
A．Because he wanted to find out the best way to save the area himself.
B．Because he was interested in planting trees since he was young.
C．Because he wanted to get more knowledgeable people to help him.
D．Because he thought his knowledge would make his advice more persuasive.
53．What does the underlined phrase“the plain common sense”probably refer to?
A．That it was impossible for trees to grow on the wasteland.
B．That his normal work and life would be greatly affected.
C．That no one would like to join him in the efforts.
D．That he had to keep everything he did secret.
54．The message of the passage is that _____________.
A．action speaks louder than words
B．perseverance（持之以恒）will work wonders
C．God helps those who help themselves
D．many hands make light work

Aboriginal Art & Culture Centre
86 Todd Street
Tel：(08)8982 3408
www. aboriginalart. com. au
Admission Free. Tours from S5
Daily 9am一6pm
Closed Christmas Day only
The Aboriginal Art & Culture Centre includes a gallery showing Arrernte culture and an Aboriginal music museum. Learn to play a didgeridoo at the only Didgeridoo University in the world. You can have a go at spear throwing, try billy tea and damper and experiment with bush tucker.
Alice Springs School of the Air

80 Head Street
Tel：(08)8951 6834
Adult：$3.50 Child：$2.50 (5～16)
Mon ~ Sat 8.30am ~ 4.30pm
Sun 1.30pm ~ 4.30pm
Closed Christmas Day, Boxing Day & New Year’s Day
They call it the biggest classroom in the world 1.3 million square kilometers — and for children living in isolated communities around the NT, it is the only classroom they know. This unique educational facility was the first of its type. Interpretive displays demonstrate the important role it has in the Outback. On school days you can hear lessons being broadcast.
Panorama Guth

65 Hartley Street
Tel：(08)8952 2013
Adult：$5.50 Child：$3.30 (6～16)
Mon ~ Sat 9am~5pm，Sun 12pm ~ 5pm
Closed 14 Dec ~ 31 Jan
An art gallery／Aboriginal museum, with a full 360～degree panoramic painting by artist Henk Guth. The painting measures 60 metres in circumference by 6 metres high, depicting scenic areas of Central Australia．Original oil paintings and reproductions are also for sale．
Red Centre Dreaming

Red Centre Resort
North Stuart Highway
Tel：(08)8950 5555
www. Aurora ~ resorts. com. au
Open all year
Experience the magic of Aboriginal culture with Aurora’s Red Centre Dreaming Dinner & Show. A high quality Aboriginal performance by traditional artists dancing, weaponry and didgeridoo playing are features of the show. Local artifacts and art are available for purchase. The evening includes three course meal, wine, soft drink and return transfers. Bookings essential.
66. What does the underlined word “didgeridoo” mean?
A. a piece of music B. a record C. a musical instrument D. a game
67. You can go to visit ______ on Christmas Day.
A. Red Centre Dreaming B. Panorama Guth
C. Aboriginal Art & culture Centre D. Alice Springs School of the Air
68. How much do you have to pay if you go to visit Alice Springs School of the Air with your family, in which there is your three-year-old brother and your ten-year-old sister besides your parents and you, an eighteen-year-old boy?
A. $ 19.80. B. $15.50. C. $14.50. D. $13.00.
69. What is special about Red Centre Dreaming?
A. You can get information about it on the Internet.
B. You need to book in advance.
C. You can learn about Aboriginal culture.
D. You can learn to play a didgeridoo.
70. If you are interested in art, you can go to ____.
A. Alice Springs School of the Air or Panorama Guth
B. Aboriginal Art & culture Centre or Panorama Guth
C. Red Centre Dreaming or Alice Springs School of the Air
D. Aboriginal Art & culture Centre or Alice Springs School of the Air

Here are some of the most common causes of fatigue, and what you can do about them.
Inadequate Sleep. If you don’t get enough sleep you’ll be tired but it’s rare that busy people get enough sleep. When there aren’t enough hours in the day to do everything, something has to give, and that’s usually sleep. Don’t fool yourself that you can get by on five or six hours of sleep a night. Most people need at least eight hours and some even more.
Hormone Imbalances. Thyroid disease is extremely common today, especially among young women and the elderly. As common as thyroid disease is, its symptoms are so similar to so many other ailments that it often goes unnoticed by both doctors and patients. If you’re suffering from fatigue, get your thyroid hormone levels checked.
Food Allergies. You may be allergic to common foods like dairy, eggs, nuts, wheat, corn, chocolate, or coffee. If you suffer from coughing or wheezing, digestive problems, headaches, muscle aches or joint pain, itching and skin problems, in addition to fatigue, try cutting out each of these foods for a week to see if you feel better without it. Also, don’t eat excessive amounts of any particular food during any one day.
Environmental Toxins. Fatigue may result from our polluted environment. If, in addition to fatigue, you suffer from headaches, allergies or respiratory problems, you may be absorbing airborne toxins. Check the ventilation system in your home and office. Buy houseplants, air filters, and water filters for your home. If you’re working in a “sick” building you may have to look for another job.
Couch Potato Syndrome. Fifty percent of depression and fatigue can be caused by inactivity. For an energy boost, do anything that gets you moving for 20 to 30 minutes a day.
Anemia. Anemia can be a hidden disease in women. If you’re tired for no known reason, have your total iron count taken. Sometimes, even though your blood count may show a normal level of red blood cells, you may still be deficient in iron. If your iron count is low, you may need supplements.
Cigarette Smoking. Cigarettes are an enormous energy drain. They rob the body’s cells of oxygen and produce carbon monoxide poisoning.
Too Much Coffee. If you drink a lot of coffee in the effort to beat fatigue, in the long run you’ll be even more tired. Coffee gives you a temporary lift at the cost of long-term energy.
Poor Nutrition. The typical American diet, high in refined foods and animal fat, supplies inadequate nutrients and drains energy. Switch to a diet low in animal protein and saturated fat and high in fruits, vegetables, grains and beans. Cut out highly processed foods. Take vitamins.
62. What does the underlined word “fatigue” mean?
A. tiredness B. weakness C. sickness D. laziness
63. Couch potato syndrome has something to do with ______.
A. potato B. couch C. energy D. inactivity
64. According to the passage, you can infer that ______.
A. you can always do with five or six hours of sleep a night.
B. fifty percent of depression and fatigue can be caused by inactivity.
C. it’s easier for women to catch thyroid disease or anemia.
D. the more coffee you drink, the less tired you are.
65. Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of fatigue according to the passage?
A. Polluted environment. B. Cigarette smoking. C. Low iron count.
D. A diet low in animal protein and saturated fat and high in fruits, vegetables, grains and beans.

Britain’s parents have admitted school is harder today than it was when they were kids．A poll（民意测验）of 1，500 parents shows that those with children who have recently sat（参加）A-level or GCSE exams believe today’s exams are harder than the ones they sat at school．One in four thought A-levels were getting harder-compared to just twelve percent who thought they were easier．The figures for GCSEs were more evenly split with 26 percent thinking they were harder and 21 percent believing they were easier．This is the first survey（调查）of the opinion of parents whose youngsters have just sat exams．They told pollsters they believed the higher pass rates in examinations today were due to the youngsters concerned working harder．"But another reason given was that they believed today’s youngsters felt there was little chance of success in life without qualification（资格）．Parents are seeing standards rise and their children working harder and being smarter than their generation." says Dr Christina Townsend，president of the Ed excel exam board，which commissioned（委托） the survey．The poll，carried out by Opinion Research Business for the exam board，also showed parents supported government plans to allow students to see their marked papers after they had completed their exams．The move（行动）is designed to help them decide whether they should doubt their standard．
59. What do you know about Britain’s school education from the text？
A. Students are burdened with too much homework after school．
B. Students are tired of learning at school．
C. Most students can’t pass the A-level or GCSE exams．
D. Exams are more difficult today and pupils are working harder．
60. The writer’s purpose in writing this text is ____．
A. to show the result of a poll of 1，5000 parents
B. to tell parents that their youngsters are working hard
C. to prove that youngsters are smarter than their parents
D. to request that exams be easier
61. We can infer from the text that ____．
A. the government will take steps to lower the standards of exams．
B. Students were once not allowed to see their marked papers．
C. Parents didn’t work hard when they were at school
D. More parents think A-levels are getting harder and GCSEs are getting easier

A．An American Achieving His Aims	B． A Beautiful Hotel in Xi’an
C．Marco Polo and the Silk Road	D． The Kingdom of Bicycles

A．China, India, and Pakistan	B．India, China, and Pakistan
C．Pakistan, China, and India	D．China, Pakistan, and India