German Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his and diplomatic talent, but his contributions to the society include many of today’s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, other European nations, an unusual outbreak of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing . in part by Christian sympathy for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to get the of the socialist labor movement, Bismarck the world’s first worker’s compensation law in 1884.
By 1908, the United States was the industrial nation in the world that lacked workers’ compensation insurance. American’s injured workers could seek in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. , employees had to prove that their injuries directly employer’s lack of care and they themselves were ignorant about potential danger in the workplace. The first state workers’ compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon throughout the nation.
After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national to study the problems workers’ compensation. Two years later, the committee issued 19 key recommendations, one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages.
A．artistic B．literary C．military D．economic
A．along with B．other than C．apart from D．rather than
A．experimented B．explored C．experienced D．excluded
A．urbanization B．revolution C．evolution D．industrialization
A．Inspired B．Touched C．Organized D．Motivated
A．feedback B．statement C．proof D．support
A．discovered B．created C．uncovered D．revealed
A．unique B．only C．powerful D．most
A．rights B．help C．compensation D．support
A．For example B．However C．Consequently D．Moreover
A．resulted in B．stood for C．resulted from D．deal with
A．spread B．promoted C．stretched D．placed
A．put up with B．face up to C．benefit from D．keep up with
A．community B．committee C．authority D．government
A．including B．insisting C．installing D．investing
The teacher thought that hobbies were very important for every child. She 20 all her pupils to have one, and sometimes, arranged for their parents to come and 21 the work they had done as a result.
One Friday morning the teacher told the class that 22 of them who had a hobby could 23 a holiday that afternoon to get things they had 24 as parts of their hobbies ready for their parents to see the following afternoon.
So on Friday afternoon, 25 those of the pupils who had nothing to show did their usual lessons, the 26 ones who had made something were allowed to go home, on 27 that they returned before five o’clock to bring what they were going to28 . When the afternoon lessons began, the teacher was 29 to see that Tommy was not there. He was the laziest boy in the class, and the teacher found it difficult to believe that he had a hobby. However, at a quarter to five, Tommy arrived with a 30 collection of butterflies in glass cases. 31 his teacher had admired them
and helped him to arrange them on a table in the 32 , she was surprised to see Tommy pick them up again and begin to 33 . “What are you doing, Tommy?” she asked. “Those things must 34 here until tomorrow afternoon. That’s 35 the parents are coming to see them.”
“I know they are coming then,” answered Tommy, “and I will 36 them back tomorrow, but my big brother doesn’t want them to be out of our house at night in case they are37 .”
“But what has it got to do 38 your big brother?” asked the teacher. “Aren’t the butterflies yours?” “No,” answered Tommy. “They belong to him.” “But Tommy, you are 39 to show your own hobby here, not somebody else’s!” said the teacher. “I know that,” answered Tommy. “My hobby is watching my brother collecting butterflies.”
A．allowed B．encouraged C．forbade D．taught
A．see B．observe C．know D．inspect
A．all B．none C．those D．many
A．celebrate B．have C．give D．need
A．done B．bought C．taken D．made
A．while B．if C．therefore D．because
A．bad B．lucky C．unlucky D．stupid
A．condition B．situation C．state D．the whole
A．send B．give C．collect D．show
A．pleased B．surprised C．satisfied D．upset
A．beautiful B．necessary C．useful D．useless
A．If B．After C．As D．Although
A．case B．school C．building D．classroom
A．speak B．leave C．clean D．introduce
A．keep B．wait C．remain D．leave
A．why B．how C．when D．where
A．take B．bring C．wish D．welcome
A．stolen B．burned C．flown D．taken
A．to B．with C．about D．on
A．about B．likely C．supposed D．known
How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. Waste must be treated 16 it does not become a danger to life. 17 , in some countries, waste from factories is still poured straight into rivers. People who use the water from one of these rivers often get 18 . The water may become so polluted that it 19 all the fish in the river. When these rivers finally reaches the 20 , it pollutes the ocean.
In many countries with 21 , human waste is piped directly into the sea without being dealt with. This is not 22 . Although the sea itself can break up the waste, beaches 23 become polluted. 24 scientists suggest people take the waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down.
In 1989 an international law was passed to 25 people putting waste into the sea. It is now against the 26 to put anything into the sea nearby. Such rubbish as plastics may not be thrown 27 the sea anywhere. Other waste may be put into the sea, either 19 or more than 40 kilometers from land, 28 the nature of the materials.
The 29 of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been 30 to protect the world and control pollution.
A．as if B．so that C．ever since D．now that
A．Luckily B．Happily C．Unfortunately D．Hopefully
A．sick B．hope C．rich D．fun
A．raises B．feeds C．kills D．breaks
A．pool B．lake C．spring D．sea
A．grassland B．plains C．sea coasts D．deserts
A．safe B．useful C．dirty D．wrong
A．need B．may C．can’t D．needn’t
A．So B．Because C．Since D．But
A．stop B．suggest C．keep D．find
A．school B．organization C．factory D．law
A．out of B．away from C．into D．above
A．depending on B．feeding on C．leading to D．connecting to
A．news B．method C．problem D．disadvantage
A．punished B．set up C．refused D．called at
Usually, there is a teacher-parent meeting in every school year. Some students enjoy it, some don’t. Tom, a little boy invited his mother to attend his school's first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boy's __36__, she said she would go. This __37__ be the first time that his classmates and teacher __38__ his mother and he felt __39__ of her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar (疤痕) that 40 nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to _41__ why or how she got the scar.
At the meeting, the people were __42__ by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother __43__ the scar, but the little boy was still embarrassed and 44 himself from everyone. He did, however, get within __45__of a conversation between his mother and his teacher.
The teacher asked __46__, "How did you get the scar on your face?"
The mother replied, "__47__ my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone was __48__ afraid to go in because the fire was __49__，so I went in. As I was running toward his bed, I saw a long piece of wood coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked __50__ but fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us." She __51__ the burned side of her face. "This scar will be __52__, but to this day, I have never __53__ what I did."
At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. He held her in his arms and felt a great __54__ of the sacrifice (牺牲) that his mother had made for him. He held her hand 55 for the rest of the day.
A．enjoyment B．excitement C．disappointment D．surprise
A．would B．could C．should D．must
A．noticed B．greeted C．met D．accepted
A．sick B．ashamed C．afraid D．tired
A．included B．passed C．covered D．shaded
A．hear about B．think about C．care about D．talk about
A．surprised B．impressed C．excited D．comforted
A．in sight of B．by means of C．by way of D．in spite of
A．separated B．protected C．hid D．escaped
A．hearing B．reminding C．understanding D．learning
A．nervously B．carefully C．seriously D．anxiously
A．As B．Now that C．Since D．When
A．so B．much C．quite D．too
A．under control B．out of control C．in control D．over control
A．helpless B．hopeless C．useless D．senseless
A．pointed B．showed C．touched D．wiped
A．beautiful B．lasting C．serious D．frightening
A．forgot B．recognized C．considered D．regretted
A．honor B．happiness C．sense D．pride
A．quietly B．tightly C．slightly D．suddenly
Now that I am no longer young, I have friends whose mothers have passed away. I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers ___36___ it was too late to tell them. I am blessed with the dear mother who is still alive. I ___37___ her more each day. My mother does not change, but I ___38___. As I grow older and wiser, I realize ___39___ an exceptional person she is. How ___40___ that I am unable to speak these words in her ___41___, but they flow easily from my pen.
How does a daughter begin to thank her mother for life itself? For the love, patience and just ___42___ hard work that go into ___43___ a child? For running after a toddler (学走步的小孩), for understanding a ___44___ teenager, for tolerating (忍受;容忍) a college student who knows ___45___ ? For waiting for the day when a daughter ___46___ how wise her mother really is?
How does a ___47___ woman thank a mother for ___48___ to be a mother? For being ready ___49___ advice (when asked) or remaining ___50____ when it is most appreciated? For not saying, “I told you so,” when she could have uttered these words ___51___? For being ___52___ herself-loving, thoughtful, patient, and forgiving?
I don’t know how, dear God, except to ask you to bless her as richly as she ___53___ and to help me live up to the example she has ___54___. I pray that I will look as good in the eyes of my children as my mother ___55___ in mine.
A．as B．that C．until D．when
A．approve B．appreciate C．need D．resemble
A．do B．have C．did D．will
A．how B．that C．who D．what
A．sad B．glad C．comic D．tragic
A．absence B．presence C．appearance D．existence
A．common B．plain C．normal D．usual
A．raising B．rising C．developing D．training
A．childish B．energetic C．fearless D．moody
A．anything B．something C．everything D．nothing
A．detects B．discovers C．recognizes D．realizes
A．pretty B．foolish C．green D．grown
A．failing B．intending C．continuing D．keeping
A．by B．with C．for D．on
A．silent B．quiet C．cool D．noiseless
A．dozen times B．a dozen of times C．dozens of times D．dozen of time
A．valuably B．essentially C．naturally D．virtually
A．devotes B．deserts C．deserves D．desires
A．set B．settled C．placed D．fixed
A．sees B．finds C．is D．looks
He lost his arms in an accident that caused the death of his father. Then his 36 became his shadow, never leaving him alone for years. 37 writing with his toes, he was completely unable to do anything in his life.
As the two brothers grew up together, they had their 38 of problems and they would often quarrel. Then one day, his younger brother decided to 39 separate from him, living his own life as many 40 people do. So he was heart-broken and didn’t know what to do.
A 41 misfortune happened to a girl, too. One night she tried to 42 meals for her sick mother, only to overturn the kerosene light on the stove, resulting in a fire which took her 43 away.
Though her elder sister in another city 44 her willingness to take care of her, she was 45 to learn to be completely independent. At school, she 46 studied hard.
One day, the boy and the girl were both invited to 47 on a television interview program and asked to 48 something on a piece of paper with their toes. The boy wrote:My younger brother’s arms are my arms; 49 the girl wrote: Broken wings, flying heart.
They had both 50 the same pain, but their different attitudes determined the nature of their lives. It is true that life is unpredictable（难以预料）. Disasters can strike at 51 time. If you choose only to complain and 52 , it will always follow you 53 you go. But if you decide to be 54 , the hard moment will 55 to be one when new hopes will arise.
A．older sister B．uncle C．younger brother D．mother
A．Instead of B．Except for C．Thanks to D．In spite of
A．share B．goal C．agreement D．enjoyment
A．learn B．tell C．come D．live
A．rich B．normal C．unlucky D．disabled
A．different B．strange C．special D．similar
A．prepare B．offer C．have D．order
A．ears B．toes C．feet D．hands
A．explained B．showed C．pointed D．discussed
A．satisfied B．excited C．determined D．disappointed
A．hardly B．seldom C．always D．sometimes
A．sing B．dance C．turn D．appear
A．say B．draw C．write D．copy
A．while B．when C．since D．unless
A．hidden B．suffered C．discovered D．overcome
A．one B．no C．any D．this
A．comfort B．discourage C．watch D．escape
A．whenever B．wherever C．if D．because
A．silent B．noisy C．weak D．strong
A．turn out B．bring about C．come up D．give off