The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries. In African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago. Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013.
Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults. The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities. They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot.
The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious(感染性的) diseases.
The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries. The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits,' vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.
And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible. More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt. "Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries. " he adds.What is the main idea of Paragraph l?
| A．Children in developing countries generally weigh too much. |
| B．Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly. |
| C．The number of overweight children in the world has doubled. |
| D．The World Health Organization has increased greatly. |
According to Branca , people are becoming overweight because of their changes in _______
| A．lifestyles | B．transportation |
| C．physical condition | D．school educational . |
Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
| A．cure | B．prevent | C．worsen | D．cause |
According to WHO, which of the following is true?
| A．Poor nutrition is often related to children obesity. |
| B．To lower infectious disease rates is more complex than to lower obesity rates. |
| C．Eating less sugar and more vegetables helps lower obesity rates. |
| D．Increasing physical activity is most effective to lower obesity rates. |
What can we learn from the last Paragraph?
| A．Babies breastfed aren't likely to become overweight. |
| B．Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity. |
| C．Food producers should be stopped from marketing, food to children. |
| D．The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries. |
A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as the result of a condition known as jet lag. Jet lag results from flying long distances in an airplane. People with jet lag may feel extremely tired for several days. They may also have problems thinking clearly and remembering.
Recently a researcher at the University of Bristol in Britain reported the findings of his jet lag study, which involved twenty young women who worked for international airlines. They had served passengers on airplanes for five years. These flight attendants flew across many countries and at least seven time zones. In the study, the flight attendants had different amounts of time to recover from jet lag. Half the women spent five days or fewer in their home areas between long flights. The other half spent more than fourteen days in their home areas.
The researcher took some saliva from the women”s mouths to measure levels of a hormone(荷尔蒙) that increases during stress(紧张). He tested them to see if they could remember where black spots appeared on a computer screen. And he took pictures of their brains to measure the size of the brain”s temporal lobes(脑叶).
It was found that the women who had less time between flights had smaller right temporal lobes. This area of the brain deals with recognizing and remembering what is seen. The same group performed worse and had slower reaction times on the visual memory test. And their saliva samples showed higher levels of stress hormones.
The researcher believes the brain needs at least ten days to recover after a long trip. He says airline workers told him their ability to remember got worse after working on planes for about four years. Other studies have shown that increased feelings of stress can cause a loss of cells in the part of the brain that controls memory.
Scientists say more tests are needed to study the effects of jet lag on the brain. They want to find out if too much jet lag could permanently (永久性的) affect memory.According to the text, jet lag .
Things you need to know about studying there
Study style
Since the 1950s, the Netherlands has had courses in English especially for foreign students. Students are expected to be critical of what they read and hear, and to be able of working independently. Foreign students will soon notice that at Dutch institutions for higher learning people are expected to do a lot of talking. The most common form of teaching is the seminar or working group, where a small group of students work under a teacher’s supervision to analyze（分析）a certain problem. On exams, they have to show that they know the material, and that they have formed well-founded opinions on the subject.
Accommodations（住宿）
If you are in an exchange programme or an international course, it is quite possible that a room will be arranged for you. Accept it immediately, or you will regret it later. That’s because finding a place to live in a country as crowded as the Netherlands is not easy.
Before you leave China, ask your host institution whether or not housing will indeed be arranged in advance. If you are in the Netherlands and still looking for a place, ask the international relations office or the student dean for advice.
Expences
Tuition: （学费）
Bachelor’s degree：about 2,500 euros a year
Master’s degree: 5,000-12,000 euros a year
Living expenses:
Experience has shown that a year in the Netherlands costs a Chinese
Student about 450-700 euros a month.
Here is a breakdown of average prices of supermarket goods:
Litre of milk: 0.5—0.8 euro
Kilo of apples: 1.5 euros
Shampoo, 400ml: 4 euros
Tube of toothpaste: 1 euro
Bed sheet: 20 euros
Other expenses:
Haircut: 15 euros
Air ticket to China: 600-800 euros
Mobile phone call(one minute): 0.1-0.3 euro
Phone call to China (with IP card): 7 euros(one minute)
Postage stamp in the Netherlands: 0.39 euro
Stamp for China: 0.78 euro
(1 euro-about 10 yuan)
Transportation
Trains, buses and trams run throughout the country.
If you really want to sample Dutch life, and get around quickly and easily, buy yourself a bicycle. Most students buy second-hand bicycles. A reasonable one will cost you 70-120 euros.
You can find them at second-hand bicycle shops or at the bicycle parking facilities near railway stations.Teachers want foreign students to do much talking and analyzing in order to make them .
| A．get higher marks | B．pass exams easier |
| C．be able to work independently | D．get in close touch with each other |
The passage implies that .
| A．it is easier to find a room in Netherlands |
| B．it is difficult to find a room in Netherlands |
| C．your host institution will surely find a room for you |
| D．the international relations office can find a room for you |
It costs at least a year for a Master degree.
| A．104,000 yuan | B．104,000 euros | C．174,000 yuan | D．134,000 euros |
Most students ride second-hand bicycles mainly because .
| A．they can ride them fast and easily |
| B．bicycles are safe and comfortable for riding |
| C．bicycles are convenient and easy to park |
| D．bicycles are convenient and cheap |
Britain has laws to make sure that women have the same chances as men in education, jobs and training. But it’s still unusual to find women doing dirty or heavy jobs.
Nikki Henriques is a car maintenance engineer in London. She used to be a secretary. Barty Philips, a journalist with “The Observer”, a Sunday newspaper, asked her why she wanted to work with cars.
“My first reason was independence(独立),” she said. “I also wanted to use my hands, and I like learning about how things work. Many people prefer to have a woman repair their cars, too.”
Nikki didn’t find it easy to become a car maintenance engineer. She went to a Government Skill Centre—a special sort of college where people can learn a new job for twenty weeks. “For ten weeks I was the only woman among four hundred men, and some of them were rude to me. It was also very tiring—from 8 in the morning to 5 in the afternoon, with only 30 minutes for lunch.”
Now Nikki works free-lance, that is, she’s self-employed, working for herself and not for a garage or a company.
Barty Phillips also spoke to Rose, who works as a general builder in Sheffield, an industrial town in the north of England. Like Nikki, Rose used to be a secretary. “I didn’t enjoy it at all.” she said. “I wanted to do more practical work, and I wanted to be self-employed.”
Rose joined a women’s building co-operative, and she learnt her job from other people and from experience. However, many of the women in her group have been specially trained. Most of the jobs they do are improvements to buildings and general repairs.
“People often say, ‘Oh, women aren’t strong enough,’ but I don’t think strength is important.” said Rose, “The important thing is to get used to doing a different sort of work.”
Rose would like more women to come into the building industry. “Everything built at the moment is a product of man’s world. If women become builders, they will be able to understand the production of their house and their towns.” There are laws in Britain to help women _____.
| A．get higher pay than men |
| B．enjoy more freedom than men |
| C．do whatever they like to do |
| D．have equal chances with men in education and work |
The job of a car maintenance engineer is to _____.
| A．make cars | B．sell cars |
| C．repair cars | D．keep cars for others |
According to Rose, a woman wishing to be a general builder _____.
| A．must be specially trained |
| B．should be strong enough |
| C．can learn her job either from others or by experience |
| D．must get used to doing a different sort of work |
The best title for this passage might be _____.
| A．Nikki Henriques, a car maintenance engineer |
| B．Rose, a General Builder in Shefield |
| C．Women at Work |
| D．British Women |
Picasso, the famous Spanish painter, was born in 1881. His father was an art teacher. Picasso began to paint very early. He was admitted to the Royal Academy of Art at the age of 15. After 1900, he spent much time in Paris, living there from 1904 to 1947, when he moved to the south of France.
Throughout his career, Picasso moved from style to style with ease. He practiced sculpture, illustrated books and also showed great interest in pottery design and other fields of art.
Picasso produced a great number of drawings during his lifetime. No later artist of the School of Paris has replaced him in international influence.
Picasso is generally considered to be the foremost figure in 20th century French art. His paintings are now exhibited in leading European and American galleries.The main idea of the passage is _____.
| A．Picasso is considered to be the foremost figure in the 20th century French art |
| B．Picasso is a famous Spanish painter |
| C．Picasso spent much time in Pairs, living there from 1904 to 1970 |
| D．Picasso’s life and art |
According to the writer, Picasso was _____.
| A．more important than any other French artist in international influence |
| B．more important than any other Spanish artist in international influence |
| C．the most important figure in Spain |
| D．the most important figure in France |
Picasso moved from style to style with ease. It means _____.
| A．he did not like only one style |
| B．he changed his style without difficulty |
| C．he not only liked sculpture, but also pottery design |
| D．he showed great interest in other fields of art |
It is not only experts in China who are arguing over whether women should work after marriage or not. Worldwide this question is being discussed as an interestingly large number of married women enter the workplace. Take the United States for example. Since 1960, the percentage of married women in the work force has jumped from 31.9 per cent to 59.4 per cent.
American women first moved into the paid labour force during the World War II, when men left their jobs to fight. In the last fifty years, more and more women have worked outside the home. And over these years of developing, Americans have changed their social values as a result. In 1975, women aged 35 and above made up half of all working women. And by 1980, 60 per cent were women at the age of 45 and above.
Now in Japan, women’s work group is M-shaped with middle-aged women and those aged 20-25 at the two peaks. According to statistics(统计)， 37.7 per cent of Japanese women at childbearing age(25-29) still engaged themselves in work in 1980. and the number reached 50 per cent the next year.
Being a housewife has always been regarded as a “graceful occupation” in Japan. Some young Japanese women believe it is good to be a “ professional housewife”. However, old attitudes have been changing everywhere, and sometimes just out of economic necessary. In recent years, a great number of city housewives have poured out of homes to take part time jobs. Even the UN has given its support.. The 34th Congress of the United Nations in 1979 put forward the decision for formal agreement on the getting rid of discrimination(歧视) against women.
So far, most UN members have agreed on it, but some still haven’t, including the United States.From the first passage, we can learn that ________________.
| A．experts encourage women to take paying jobs. |
| B．men encourage women to take paying jobs |
| C．government encourage women to take paying jobs. |
| D．more and more people begin to care about women’s life |
In the United States _________________.
| A．married women are lazier than their husbands. |
| B．Husbands are lazier than their wives |
| C．Few married women used to work outside |
| D．More married women used to work outside |
Married women in Japan________________.
A, all work outside their homes
B. seldom work outside their homes
C. have different opinions on their working outside
D. all do housework at their homesMore and more women have taken jobs outside for the reason that ____________.
| A．they have no children to take care of |
| B．they have no housework to do |
| C．they want to make more friends |
| D．they want to improve their living conditions |