One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations (适应能力) was Charles Darwin (达尔文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasn't the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing (观察) nature more than attending medical classes and dropped out(辍学) without graduating.
Next, Charles' father sent him to school to become a minister (牧师). This time he made it to graduation. But he didn't want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.
After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist. He wasn't the first choice, but he was the lucky one to go. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. The crew's task was to make maps of the places they visited.
On December 27th, 1831 Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to study.
Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring (后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.Darwin was very interested in _____.
| A．attending medical classes | B．the work of a minister |
| C．sailing around the world | D．science |
The Beagle was a(an) _____.
| A．ship | B．plane | C．plant | D．animal |
When Darwin published the scientific paper, he was _____ years old.
| A．twenty-three | B．twenty-two | C．forty-five | D．fifty |
The underlined word "they" in the last paragraph refers to (指的是) _____.
| A．adaptations | B．Darwin and Wallace |
| C．animals | D．Darwin's ideas |
Which of the following is true?
| A．Darwin graduated from a medical school. |
| B．Some animals have adaptations so that they can survive. |
| C．Darwin published a scientific paper by himself. |
| D．Darwin was first chosen to sail on the Beagle. |
【重庆市2015年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语试题（A卷）】阅读理解。
When a computer works on a group of programs, it can get very hot. Cooling the computer can cost a lot. So some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.
Large Internet companies (公司) such as Google and Microsoft have thousands of computers. As these computers deal with information, they produce lots of heat, so they need huge cooling systems (系统). These systems send the heat into the air.
A company in Holland (荷兰) thinks paying to make the computers work and then paying again to cool them are a waste of energy. So the company developed a special device—the e-Radiator.
Boaz Leupe, head of the company, says that e-Radiator works as a heating system and saves money. He explains that the energy is used twice—once to heat the home and once to cool the computer and that the users don’t have to pay to cool their computers.
Five homeowners in Holland are testing the heating system in their homes.
“We pay for the computer using, so, in that way, homeowners get heating for free,” Boaz says.
Jan Visser is one of the homeowners. “If you use the computer more, the e-Radiator producers more heat, ”he says, “It cannot provide enough heat if you don’t use your computer often.” But he is ready to try it. It’s a great help for his family.
The company says e-Radiators produce heat temperatures of up to 55℃. It says the system could save its users about $440 a year.Before the e-Radiator appears, usually the heat of a computer ______.
| A．is sent into the air |
| B．helps the five homeowners |
| C．is used twice |
| D．makes the computer work better |
The e-radiator is mainly used _____.
| A．to drive the computer | B．to help Microsoft |
| C．to heat the computer | D．to provide heat |
The Chinese meaning of the word “device” in this passage is probably “____”.
| A．节能 | B．实验 | C．仪器 | D．开关 |
The best title of the passage may be “_____”.
| A．An Environment Problem |
| B．A New Way to Heat Homes |
| C．The Future Computers |
| D．The Energy to Be Wasted |
There was once a boy called Jim in a village .Whenever Jim asked people to do things,no one would listen to him.He was sad.So Jim asked a wizard to solve the problem by using magic.The old wizard tried a lot of spells,but didn’t work..
A young man heard about the problem .He went to Jim and said that he knew the solution .He gave Jim two small pieces of paper.“These are two spells ,my boy.Use the first before you ask others to do something,and use the second when they have done it.A smile is also necessary,”the young man said.Jim was happy and tried to use the spells.When he asked people to do something.he said “Please”before his words and “Thank you”after they had done it.People were very surprised that Jim could be polite .Soon ,they became happy to do what Jim asked them to do.The wizard was surprised ,and asked the young man about the spells.”It’s not magic.When I was a child,my teacher told me that with good manners you could get anything you want.And he was right.Jim only needed good mannersto get what he wanted.”Jim was sad because_____.
| A．he lived in a poor village |
| B．nobody would like to listen to him |
| C．the spells didn’t work |
| D．he had a lot of things to do |
The underlined part “wizard”in the passage probably means”____”.
| A．巫师 | B．医生 | C．演员 | D．学者 |
The young man went to Jim and ____.
| A．gave him no advice | B．told him how to smile |
| C．lent him some paper | D．helped him to sove the problem |
People did what Jim asked them to do because Jim_____.
| A．had magic | B．became an officer |
| C．was polite | D．was a happyboy |
We can learn from the passage that____.
| A．smile is good for health |
| B．good manners are very important |
| C．hard working can make us successful |
| D．we shouldn’t believe in others |
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（每小题2分，共10分）
This is my friend Alan Brown. His first name is Alan. His last name is Brown. This is his school. His school ID card number is 2015070312. His teacher is Tom Smith. He is a good teacher. His friend is Mary Green. She is a girl. She is ten. Her phone number is 629-0999. Look! What’s this? It’s a ruler. It’s green. It’s Cindy’s. Cindy is his good friend, too.What’s Alan’s last name? ____________________________________
What’s Alan’s ID card number?_________________________________
Is Tom a good teacher?____________________________________
What’s Mary Green’s phone number?______________________________
What color is the ruler? _________________________________
根据下列短文，选择最佳答案（每小题1分，共5分）
Good afternoon! I’m Alice. My last name is Smith. I’m in a red jacket. I’m in Xingfu Middle School. My phone number is 569-2679. This is Cindy Brown. She is my good friend. She is in a yellow jacket. She is in Xingfu Middle School, too. What’s her phone number? It’s 865-2397.What color is Alice’s jacket?
| A．Green. | B．Blue. | C．Red. | D．Yellow. |
What’s Cindy’s last name?
| A．Smith. | B．Brown. | C．Alice. | D．Cindy. |
Cindy is _______ good friend.
| A．Alice’s | B．Bob’s | C．Grace’s | D．Helen’s |
What’s Cindy’s phone number?
| A．856-2679. | B．586-3279. |
| C．569-2679. | D．865-2397. |
Which of the following is TRUE (下列选项中哪一项是正确的)?
| A．Alice’s phone number is 568-2679. |
| B．Cindy’s jacket is purple. |
| C．The writer’s (作者的) first name is Cindy. |
| D．Alice and Cindy are in the same(相同的) school. |
根据图1短文，判断正误，正确涂A，错误涂B。(每小题1分，共5分)
| Name |
Age |
Phone number |
Things |
| Jane Brown |
11 |
534--6887 |
a black pen |
| Mike Smith |
12 |
682--3169 |
a purple ruler |
| Mary Green |
13 |
658-7466 |
a yellow jacket |
| Gina Miller |
12 |
592--2347 |
a map of China |
Smith is Jane’s last name.
The ruler is purple.
The jacket is Mary’s.
Gina’s telephone number is 534-6887.
Mike and Gina are 12 years old.