One might expect that the evergrowing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holidaymakers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the longterm future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rockbound Pacific island is advertised as the ‘last paradise(天堂) on earth’．
However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of seaside holidays, overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.
Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holidaymakers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.
Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The onetime farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.
Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?
| A．The Pacific island is a paradise. |
| B．The Pacific island is worth visiting. |
| C．The advertisement is not convincing. |
| D．The advertisement is not impressive. |
The example of Nepal is used to suggest ________.
| A．its natural resources are untouched |
| B．its forests are exploited for farmland |
| C．it develops well in health and education |
| D．it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists |
What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?
| A．They are happy to work their own lands. |
| B．They have to please the tourists for a living. |
| C．They have to struggle for their independence. |
| D．They are proud of working in multinational organizations. |
Which of the following determines the future of tourism?
| A．The number of tourists. |
| B．The improvement of services. |
| C．The promotion of new products. |
| D．The management of tourism. |
The author's attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is ________.
| A．optimistic | B．doubtful |
| C．objective | D．negative |
Founded in 1966，Seacamp，the first program dedicated to the education of youth in marine(海洋的) sciences，is the result of a cooperative effort of parents，scientists，businessmen and camp leaders.Preservation practices and a respect for the marine environment are the philosophy of the Seacamp.
Seacamp’s tropical marine location in the lower Florida Keys enables it to offer a truly unique marine science program.This program is the heart of Seacamp.Young scientists participate in a variety of courses under the guidance of academically trained marine science instructors and biologists.All science activities include studies in both the field and the laboratory.Each session,140 to 160 campers come to Seacamp，mostly from the US，but also from across the world.There are about 30 international campers each summer from an average of twelve countries.Many Seacamp program graduates have gone on to careers as environmental educators and marine scientists.
One of Seacamp’s unique aspects is that campers create their schedules.In addition to science classes，campers choose from a variety of programs to ensure that there is something interesting and exciting for everyone.Campers interested in journalism may work on the camp newspaper，SEASCOPE，which is published periodically during camp sessions.Arts activities are also included.Photography allows campers to take home memories of friends，wildlife，and underwater experiences.
Seacamp teaches the fun and skills of sailing.It’s an excellent way for future marine scientists to become familiar with the winds，tides and currents that are of primary concern in oceanography.Basic Red Cross certification is offered to beginners in sailing.The Red Cross course in advanced lifesaving is taught at Seacamp.The course is designed to increase the campers’ ability to recognize and avoid dangerous water conditions and practices and to use selfrescue skills to get out of dangerous situations.
Parents may bring campers by car to Big Pine Key.Counselors(辅导员) also meet participants at the Miami International Airport on the opening day of camp and accompany them to Big Pine Key on a bus.The fee for roundtrip service is $90.To join the Seacamp adventure，interested campers should contact Seacamp for an application.
We love to talk about camp！For more information or to ask any questions you might have，please give our friendly staff a call and we’ll be glad to help!According to the text，Seacamp is designed to help campers ________.
| A．have a good time at the seaside |
| B．develop a sense of marine protection |
| C．make a further study about sea life |
| D．complete a course about marine wildlife |
It can be learned from Paragraph 3 and 4 that ________.
| A．Seacamp offers many programs apart from science classes |
| B．Seacamp is responsible for training marine scientists |
| C．beginners in sailing should learn the advanced Red Cross course |
| D．Seacamp provides traditional camp activities such as arts and crafts |
The main purpose of the text is to ________.
| A．attract the young to Seacamp |
| B．present Seacampers’ experiences |
| C．introduce the programs of Seacamp |
| D．explain the aim of Seacamp |
A book review tells not only what a book is about，but also how successful it is at what it is trying to do.Professors often assign book reviews as practice in careful analytical(分析的) reading.
As a reviewer，you bring together the two strands of accurate，analytical reading and strong，personal response when you indicate(指出) what the book is about and what it might mean to a reader(by explaining what it meant to you)．In other words，reviewers answer not only the WHAT but the SO WHAT question about a book.Thus，in writing a review，you combine the skills of describing what is on the page，analyzing how the book tried to achieve its purpose，and expressing your own reactions.
Most book reviews start with a heading that includes all the basic information about the book，like：
Title.
Author.
Place of publication，publisher，date of publication.
Number of pages.
Like most pieces of writing，the review usually begins with an introduction that lets your readers know what the review will say.The first paragraph usually includes the author and title again，so your readers don’t have to look up to find this information.You should also include a very brief description of the contents of the book，the purpose or audience for the book，and your reaction and evaluation.
Then you move into a section of background information that helps place the book in context and discusses how to judge the book.Next，you should give a summary of the main points，quoting(引用) and explaining key phrases from the author.Finally，you get to the heart of your review—your evaluation of the book.In this section，you might discuss some of the following issues：
•How well the book has achieved its goal.
•What possibilities are suggested by the book.
•What the book has left out.
•How the book compares with others on the subject.
•What specific points are not convincing.
•What personal experiences you’ve had related to the subject.
It is important to use labels to carefully distinguish your views from the author’s，so that you don’t confuse your readers.
Then，like other essays，you can end with a direct comment on the book，and tie together issues raised in the review in a conclusion.
There is，of course，no set form，but a general rule is that the first onehalf to twothirds of the review should summarize the author’s main ideas and at least onethird should evaluate the book.According to the text，personal response of a book reviewer refers to “________”．
| A．accurate and analytical reading |
| B．the reviewer’s indication of what the book is |
| C．the reviewer’s indication of what the book meant to a reader |
| D．skills of describing what is on the page |
What is the most important part of a book review?
| A．The heading. | B．The evaluation. |
| C．The conclusion. | D．The introduction. |
Readers will get puzzled if ________.
| A．there is no heading in a book review |
| B．the book review is not complex enough |
| C．the reviewer’s point of view is mixed with the author’s |
| D．there are some different issues listed in the book review |
What does the text mainly tell us?
| A．Steps to read a book. |
| B．Tips for writing a book review. |
| C．The way to develop your idea. |
| D．Things not to be avoided in a book review. |
When author Nicholas Carr began researching his book on whether the Internet is ruining our minds，he restricted his online access and email.His new book argues the latest technology renders us less capable of deep thinking.Carr found himself so distracted(分心的) that he couldn’t work on the book while staying as connected.After first feeling confused by his sudden lack of online connection，he was able to stay focused on one task for a long period within several weeks.
Reading on the Internet has changed how we use our brains.Facing a lot of texts，video，music and links to other web pages and blogs，our minds have become used to skimming and scanning information.As a result，we have developed sharper skills at making fast decisions，particularly visual ones，Carr wrote.
But now most of us seldom read books or long articles that would help us focus.We are becoming more like librarians—able to find information quickly and see clearly the best nuggets(有价值的资料)．That lack of focus hinders(阻碍) our longterm memory，leading many of us to feel distracted，he wrote.
“What we are losing is a whole other set of mental skills，which require not the shifting of our focus but the maintaining of our focus，” Carr said，adding that for centuries books protected our brains from distraction and focused our minds on one topic at a time.
But with devices such as Apple’s iPad becoming common，Carr predicts books also will change.“New forms of reading always require new forms of writing，” he said.Carr has a suggestion for those who feel web surfing has left them incapable of concentration—slow down，turn off the Internet and practice the skills of contemplation(沉思) and reflection.“It is pretty clear from the brain science that if you don’t exercise particular cognitive skills，you are going to lose them，” he said.“If you are constantly distracted，you are not going to think in the same way that you would think if you paid attention.”What topic is Nicholas Carr’s new book mainly concentrating on?
| A．Whether there is any need for us to surf the Internet. |
| B．How the Internet changes our way of thinking. |
| C．What we should do when we are surfing the Internet. |
| D．Whether our minds are being influenced by the Internet. |
How did Nicholas Carr feel after he limited his time online several weeks later?
| A．Anxious. | B．Relaxed. |
| C．Concentrated. | D．Puzzled. |
The underlined word renders in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.
| A．prevents | B．causes |
| C．protects | D．sharpens |
What’s Nicholas Carr’s suggestion for people who are often distracted by the Internet?
| A．They should read more books besides surfing the Internet. |
| B．They should often slow down their pace of modern living. |
| C．They should often get away from the disturbing of the Internet. |
| D．They should spend more time thinking while surfing the Internet. |
Don’t you just love ice skating every winter？I am sure，that since winter is approaching，your skates are set to come out，just waiting to be used.Impress your friends with your new trick on how to iceskate backwards with the help of these tips.Skating backwards on ice is a bit difficult but once you master the basic，there’s nothing like it.Follow the steps given below and you will be able to skate backwards in no time.
Stand Straight
The first thing that you need to do is，stand straight.If you feel that you are falling backwards，then just put your chin(下巴) up and slightly bend your knees.Don’t worry；this happens to all.
Confidence Is What You Need
The most important step while learning how to skate backwards，is having enough confidence in yourself and in what you are doing.How can you achieve this？By practice.Just practice rolling backwards down a gentle slop every single day or just by pushing off from a wall or something of that sort.But before you do that，make sure that the place where you are practicing is free from any kind of debris(碎片) because otherwise，you could land up in the hospital due to some accident.While going backwards，just get used to the feeling of moving backwards.One of the important ice skating tips and techniques is that if you feel that you are losing your balance，then scissor(做剪式运动) your skates.Keep practicing this till you are confident about it.
Maintain Speed
Confident now？Great！Now the next step is to maintain your speed.While rolling in a straight line with one skate，with the other try sculling(划桨)，that is，keep pushing yourself backwards with an outwards stroke(滑动)．Now bring the skate which you were using to scull，and then again，repeat the same process.Make sure that you put most of your weight on the skate which is moving straight and not the one with which you are sculling.Now，try the same thing using the other foot.Again keep doing this till you are confident enough.
Increase Your Speed Now
Once you are confident that you can scull with either foot，the next thing that you have to do is increase your speed.Try some of your own tricks now.Scull with either foot or with both at the same time.
Scull and Be Aware
While you keep one foot straight，keep sculling with the other.You can do that simultaneously with both feet.Concentrate on what you are doing but don’t get so involved，that you don’t see where you are going.If you are not watching your back，you might just bang against something or someone.According to the text confidence comes from ______.
| A．high speed | B．strict coaches |
| C．constant exercise | D．good techniques |
Which is the right order of iceskating backwards?
a．Increasing your speed.
b．Being able to scull with one foot.
c．Being about to stand straight.
d．Trying some different tricks.
| A．c→a→d→b | B．c→b→d→a |
| C．a→c→b→d | D．c→b→a→d |
In order to keep balance when skating backwards you should ________.
| A．skate in a scissor gesture |
| B．use both your feet to scull |
| C．skate forward first and then backward |
| D．put most of your weight on the skate with which you are sculling |
The purpose of the text is ________.
| A．to compare different ways of iceskating backwards |
| B．to introduce the culture of iceskating backwards |
| C．to explain advantages of iceskating backwards |
| D．to offer some advice on iceskating backwards |
The aims of the Illustrators’(插图画家的) Exhibition，staged as part of the Bologna Children’s Book Fair，organized by BolognaFiere and held from 23 to 26 December，are to bring illustrators and publishers together and to promote illustrators and their works among publishers.
QUALIFICATIONS
•Individual illustrators or groups of illustrators of any nationality，if they were born before 31st December 1992，whose artwork is intended for use in children’s books，are qualified to enter the Exhibition，either directly or through publishing houses or schools.
•Please state in the application form whether you are entering work for the Fiction or Nonfiction Category.Illustrators may only enter one category.
•Artwork previously presented to the Exhibition may not be reentered.
•The confirmation(确认) form must be filled in and a photograph attached，then presented together with illustrations no later than 15 October.
SHIPMENT
Entries may be delivered by post，express delivery service or by hand.From abroad，please use the following forms：Form “A” for registered mail or post by air；Form “B” if using an international forwarding agent or airline.
To avoid delays，material should not be sent by normal post.Material should be sent “carriage(运费) paid”，including any customs and delivery costs.
BolognaFiere may not be held responsible for the nonarrival or late arrival of artwork.All published works must be accompanied by a declaration bearing the ISBN number，publisher’s name and address.
REQUIREMENTS
The illustrations(i.e.the size of the sheet) must not exceed(超过) the following dimensions：
Fiction：
32×42 cm (or 42×32 cm)
Nonfiction：
50×70 cm (70×50 cm)
Illustrations in larger formats will not be considered，nor will they be returned by BolognaFiere.The illustrations must be on paper or flexible board，maximum thickness 2 mm (for scanner separation purposes)．
SELECTION PROCESS
All artworks received by the stated deadline and meeting the specified requirements will be examined and selected by an international group (whose decision is final)，including five members (from publishing houses and art schools) appointed each year by BolognaFiere.
EXHIBITIONS ABROAD
After the Bologna event，the Illustrators Exhibition will travel to Japan under the supervision of JBBY.The Illustrators Exhibition may afterwards be transferred to other venues in other countries.The exhibitions of illustrations held abroad follow the same rules and regulations as the Illustrators Exhibition，and the provisions (条款) of the regulations are extended to the organizers of the exhibitions held abroad.
RETURN OF ARTWORK
All the works will be returned to their owners by BolognaFiere or directly by the organizers of the exhibitions held abroad by the end of July next year.According to the text，the Illustrators’ Exhibition ________.
| A．will last five days in all in July every other year |
| B．is intended for college students who are good at painting |
| C．is held by the Bologna Children’s Book Fair in BolognaFiere |
| D．can strengthen the relationship between illustrators and publishers |
The illustrators of the Illustrators’ Exhibition ________.
| A．should be at least 16 and no more than 25 |
| B．may reenter their artwork after it is returned |
| C．should state the category of their artwork clearly |
| D．may choose to attach a photo to the application form |
The illustrators’works will not be considered if they ________.
| A．are received after the day of 15 October |
| B．are smaller than the required size |
| C．have already been published abroad before |
| D．don’t meet the demands of the international experts |