The art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings. To infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated---only suggested. Inference is one of the commonest ways of knowing things: a child holds his knee and cries; this action implies his feeling; an observer infers that the child is hurt. To infer accurately in everyday life requires caution in observing; to infer skillfully in fiction requires caution in reading; both require disciplined imagination.
The short-story reader can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. For example, all stories involve a person or persons, in a particular setting, faced with a demand for a response. The response called for may be a physical action, such as defeating an adversary(对手) or escaping from a danger; or it may be a mental action, such as adjusting to others or within oneself. In either case, the short story is a description in two ways: first, it shows the motives for a given human action; second, it makes a point about the general human situation. Such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly, usually are implied by the elements of the story.
When the reader of a story understands all the facts and their interrelationships, he is ready to infer the significance of the story as a whole---its comment on the human situation. This comment, or theme, is the seed from which the story grew. It is also the idea by which all the separate elements of the story are governed, while these in turn further shape and modify the theme. In addition to action, character, and setting, these elements include structure, mood, tone, and point of view.
Fiction reading requires an awareness of all the ways in which a story communicates. It also requires attention to detail. What the author provides is a network of points which serve as clues to his meaning. He invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience.According to the author, "infer" means ________ .
| A．knowingfactsbeyondthestatement |
| B．lookingformoreevidencesforthestatement |
| C．findingoutadifferentmeaningfromthestatement |
| D．addingsomefactstothestatement |
What is inferring in fiction based on?
| A．Readers’guessing. |
| B．Thebasicelementsofthestory. |
| C．Thesettingofthestory. |
| D．Theinterrelationshipsbetweenpeopleinthestory. |
What is the implied meaning of the last sentence?
| A．Inferringcanreallyhelpthereaderdevelopimaginationandenrichhimself. |
| B．Inferringcanhelpthereaderwriteastoryofhisown. |
| C．Thereadershouldlookforanexperiencedescribedinthestoryhereads. |
| D．Theexperiencedescribedinthestorywillleaveagreatimpactonitsreader. |
What is the main idea of this passage?
| A．Inferringisanartofwriting. |
| B．Inferringisaneedinfictionwriting. |
| C．Inferringisthebasicskillinreadingfiction. |
| D．Inferringiscommoninreading. |
Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you do and experience everything you want in life. Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow yourself to make your life happen.
Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be and they set lots of goals to help them reach their vision. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are two drivers. One has a destination in mind which is laid out for her on a map. She can drive straight there without any wasted time or wrong turns. The other driver has no goal or destination or map. She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver, just using up gas and oil. Which driver do you want to be?
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals. Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set, and they aren’t difficult to reach. It’s up to you to find out what your goals, ideals and visions really are. You are the one who must decide what to pursue and in what direction to aim your life.
Research tells us when we write a goal down, we are more likely to achieve it. Written goals can be reviewed regularly, and have more power. Like a contract with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget.
Also when you write your goals in a particular fashion, you are able to stimulate yourself to be continuously alert to situations that will further your goals. The example of the two drivers is given to show_____________.
| A．the importance of having a map and right direction |
| B．the significance of setting goals |
| C．the foolishness of the second driver |
| D．the foolishness of the first driver |
If people want to reach their goals, they should _______________.
| A．note down their goals | B．discuss with others and ask for their help |
| C．face the difficulties in front of them | D．sign a contract with other people |
What is the main idea of this passage?
| A．Failure always accompanies the people who gives up easily. |
| B．Whenever you set goals, you will succeed. |
| C．Winners never stop their efforts for success. |
| D．Success is possible only when a person has set his or her goal clearly. |
They crossed in front of me as I was driving out of the store parking lot. My first reaction was anger at being delayed for a whole ten seconds. I quickly became patient when I realised that this was an elderly couple.
The man leaned on his wife who walked in front of him. He not only used her for support but it was obvious that he was blind. The two of them worked as one---each needing the other to function in this fast-changing world.
That little example of true strength changed my whole personal perception(理解) of life that day. Suddenly I wasn’t so mad about having to work a few extra hours on Saturdays. I had my strength, and I was still relatively young.
That picture of those two elderly people walking with dignity and strength stayed with me the entire week. My life wasn’t so bad after all. I had my health and a good job. I had a wonderful, supportive wife. I started to think---not only was I lucky to have it all, but so was that wonderful old couple, who, despite the trials and sufferings of a long life, still had the love and support of each other to carry them through this world.
There are so many people out there just like that couple. My wife and I sometimes picture ourselves in our old age, walking arm-in-arm into the sunset. That image always gives us a warm feeling of comfort. Just remember, none of us would be here if it wasn’t for our elders. We should all have a little extra time and patience when it comes to helping our elder friends.When the author was about to drive away, the couple __________________.
| A．got in his way | B．hit his car | C． entered the store | D．asked him for help |
After he saw the couple, the author would _________________.
| A．drive at a high speed | B．seldom think of his wife |
| C．be impolite to the blind | D．spend less time complaining |
What did the author think of the couple?
| A．They lived a happier life than he. |
| B．They didn’t live a life without hardships. |
| C．They were admirable for their lasting love. |
| D．They won respect by walking together. |
From the passage, we learn _______________________.
| A．the author hated working on Saturdays |
| B．the author was happy with his wife |
| C．old couples were advised to walk in the sunset |
| D．many people like that couple are blind |
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项多余选项。
I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier（收银台）in her general store.71I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”
At first I was paid in candy.72I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account.73
By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that the promoted me to selling cosmetics（化妆品）. I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup（化妆）ideas. 74
The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a Rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener. _ 75__ expect they are NO longer women purchasing cosmetics ( ) from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.
| A．Later I received 50 cents an hour. |
| B． Before long , she let me sir there by myself. |
| C．I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. |
| D．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers. |
E.My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.
F.Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.
G.Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.
Night after night，she came to tuck me in，even long after my childhood years．Following her longstanding custom，she'd lean down and push my long．hair out of the way，then kiss my fore—head．
I don't remember when it first started annoying me—her hands pushing my hair that way． But it did annoy me，for they felt work—worn and mush against my young skin．Finally，one night，I shouted out at her，"Don't do that any more--your hands are too rough!" She didn't say anything in reply．But never again did my mother close out my day with that familiar expression of her love．
Time after time，with the passing years，my thoughts returned to that night．By then I missed my mother's hands．missed her goodnight kiss on my forehead．Sometimes the incident seemed very close，sometimes far away．But always it lurked，in the back of my mind．
Well，the years have passed，and I'm not a little girl anymore．Mom is in her mid—seventies．and those hands I once thought to be so rough are still doing things for me and my family．She's been our doctor，reaching into a medicine cabinet(医药箱)for the remedy(药物)to calm a young girl's stomach or soothe(安慰)the boy's scraped knee．She cooks the best fried chicken in the world…gets stains out of blue cans, like I never could…
Now, my own children are grown and gone．Mom no longer has Dad，and on special occasions．I find myself drawn next door to spend the night with her．So it was late on Thanksgiving Eve, as I slept in the bedroom of my youth, a familiar hand hesitantly run across, my face to brush the hair from my forehead．Then a kiss，ever so gently，touched my brow(额头)．
In my memory，for the thousandth time，I recalled the night my young voice complained，"Don't do that any more--your hands are too rough!" Catching Mom's hand in hand，I blurted (冲口说出)out how sorry I was for that night．I thought she'd remember ，as I did．But Mom didn't know what I Was talking about．She had forgotten--and forgiven—long ago．
That night, I fell asleep with a new appreciation for my gentle mother and her carrying hands. And the guilt that I had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found．What would be the best title for the text?
| A．Mother's Hands | B．Appreciation for Mother． |
| C．My Childhood Years． | D．My Unselfish Mother． |
The author began to get annoyed because .
| A．her mother's hands were really old and tough |
| B．she thought she didn't need her mother's care |
| C．she didn't like her mother any more |
| D．her mother stayed in her room too long |
What do we know about the author?
| A．With time passing, she began to understand her mother． |
| B．She was an only child in the family． |
| C．She never forgave herself． |
| D．Her mother was a doctor． |
By saying "Then a kiss，ever so gently，touched my brow．"，the author means that________
| A．children need Mother's kissing | B．mothers kiss their children gently |
| C．mothers love their children forever | D．children depend on their mothers |
It can be inferred from the text that _____________
| A．the author began to spend nights with her mother |
| B．her mother never kissed author again |
| C．her mother forgave her at last |
| D．the author felt guilty of what she did to her mother |
TODAY, Friday, November 12
JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen.
DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158.
SATURDAY, November 13
JAZZ Lysis at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p.
MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789—6749.
FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond.
JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p.
THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手风琴). Tel: 789—4536
SUNDAY, November 14
DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m.
FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626.
HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen.
THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion. Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band?
| A．At the Derby Arms on Friday. | B．At the Black Horse on Friday. |
| C．At the Star and Garter on Saturday. | D．At the Derby Arms on Sunday. |
You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts?
| A．789—6749. | B．789—4536. | C．682—1158. | D．688—4626. |
You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go?
| A．Disco at The Lord Napier. | B．The sing-along at The Black Horse. |
| C．The electric accordion at The Derby Arms. | D．Jazz at The Bull’s Head. |
You want to spend the same day at two different places and don’t want to cross any street. Which of the following is your best choice?
| A．The sing-along at the Black Horse and Jazz at The Bull’s Head. |
| B．The sing-along at The Black Horse and Folk Music at The Derby Arms. |
| C．Folk Music at The Derby Arms and Heavy Music with Tony Simon at The Bull. |
| D．Musical Hal lat The Star ＆Garter and Disco at The Lord Napier. |