BERLIN(AP)—Atigerescapeditsenc-优题课

When several different people look at the same person, it’s not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these changing perceptions(感知认可)
(1) Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education, and personal experiences.
(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person’s perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus (聚集) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick (标准)to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the stimulus He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting.
We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information — All kids (孩子) get into mischief (顽皮). Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal. "We can change the meaning of the contradictory information." It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later. (from www.nmet113.com)
9. The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is ________.
A. the abilities of one’s auditory (听觉的) and visual (视觉的) sensors
B. cultural background and personal experiences
C. experiences one learns from others
D. critical measures taken by other people
10. While observing a particular person, ________.
A. one is likely to take all aspects (方面) to consideration
B. one pays more attention to his/her advantages
C. children often differ from grown-ups in perception
D. one tends to choose certain cues (提示) to look for
11. Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because________.
A. their measuring yardsticks are not the same
B. either of them may be slow to catch information
C. the time for observation is not long enough
D. each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions
12. The word "stimulus" in paragraph 4 refers to________.
A. something attractive B. selective perception
C. contradictory information D. shoplifting
13. The worst thing in selective perception is that________.
A. perceived information runs against your desire
B. facts can be totally ignored or distorted (扭曲)
C. importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估计过高)
D. the same information may not be dealt with in the same way

Biomass energy (生物能).often forgotten as a promising alternative (替代物) to oil, received its day in the sun with the gathering of the Bio-Energy World Congress and Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia, late in April, 1990. Nearly 1, 700 scientists, businessmen, and policy-makers, one-quarter from the foreign nations, gathered for a week to discuss various means of squeezing usable energy out of trees, crops, manure, seaweed, algae, and urban waste. Biomass in the United States contributes 2. 5 percent of the total supply, but this amount can be doubled by 2000 and then doubled again by the year 2010.
Eight percent of Sweden’s energy supply, for example, is presently coming from wood bark and pulp remainings, Sweden intends to raise this percentage by more intensive harvesting of waste food lying around in forests, and through the planting of so-called energy forests of fast-growing trees such as willow and birch.
Brazil is frequently pointed to as a nation with a major successful investment (投资)in energy coming from grains: it presently runs 330,000 automobiles on a water and alcohol (酒精) mixture, replacing 10 percent of its previous oil supply. Brazilian representatives (代表) at the conference said they wish to double this in five years, with a final goal of total replacement. Most of the cars are built at the factory to use the mixture, while older models are changed through low-cost government programs.
4. In Line 2, the phrase received its day in the sun most probably means ________.
A. came to the public mind B. had its turn in the sunlight
C. was regarded as a solar energy D. came from the energy of the sun
5. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
A. 1, 700 scientists attended the conference.
B. A quarter of American businessmen were present at the conference.
C. Foreign policy-makers accounted for a quarter.
D. Three-quarters of the representatives were from the U. S.
6. Of the total supply in 2010, biomass in the U. S. will be________.
A. 5% B.20% C.10% D.15%
7. Which of the following is not regarded as biomass energy?
A. Willow and seaweed. B. Wood and grains.
C. Water and alcohol mixture. D. Crops and oil mixture.
8. A suitable title for this passage would be ________.
A. An Energy Conference B. Approval of Biomass Energy
C. Bio-Energy for Automobiles D. Keys to Energy Crisis

The baby boy, born at two minutes past midnight Thursday in a Beijing hospital, counted China’s 1.3 billionth citizen and the date, January 6, 2005, became the 1.3 Billion Population Day of China.
With 3,600 grams and 52 cm, the boy is in good condition. So far, the boy has no name. His mother is Lan Hui in her 31 with the Shell Group of Companies and the boy’s father is one staff from Air China.
"I am very happy, and I am the happiest man in the world," the boy’s father said.
Gu Xiulian, Vice-Chairperson of the NPC Standing Committee and President of the ACWF, visited the hospital to see the new coming citizen. Zhang Weiqing, director of National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC) of China, awarded him the certificate and gifts.
China mainland would reach 1,299,880,000 by the end of 2004, with a daily net increase of 20,800 on average. Based on this statistics, on January 6, this population would top at 1. 3 billion. NPFPC had determined in advance that the first baby born in this hospital after midnight would be the symbolic 1.3 billionth Chinese.
On the same day, more than 20,000 other babies were added to China’s population list.
The nation’s population policy over the past 25 years has contributed to balanced development, delaying the date of the landmark figure by four years.
1. The baby is regarded as China’s 1. 3 billionth citizen because ________.
A. our population was just one less than 1.3 billion before his birth
B. he was the first baby China had on January 6,2005
C. he was lucky enough to be born at the right time and place
D. he was the healthiest of all born on the same day
2. The baby’s birth is worth so much attention because ________.
A. 1.3 billion is a landmark figure in China’s population statistics
B. 1.3 billion is a turning point in China’s population growth
C. the birth symbolizes China’s success in family planning
D. the birth makes China’s population large enough for celebration
3. Which statement is correct according to the statistical data?
A. In 2004 China had 20,800 babies born on an average day.
B. China’s population reached 1.3 billion by the end of January 5.
C. The exactly 1.3 billionth citizen should be born on January 5.
D. China’s actual population became over 20,000 larger on January 6

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10. Who will be interested in this passage?
A. Doctors who treat diabetes. B. People who like free books.
C. Patients with heart disease. D. People who suffer diabetes and raise cholesterol.
11. What information will the booklet provide for its readers?
A. When to see a doctor. B. How to cure your diabetes.
C. How to know the level of your cholesterol. D. How to get the free book.
12. The word ChoLESterol in the passage probably means
A. keeping cholesterol steady B. making cholesterol fall down
C. the level of cholesterol D. curing your diabetes
13. The purpose of this advertisement is ________.
A. to help doctors get more patients B. to help people with higher level of cholesterol
C. to obtain benefit from the booklet D. to make the organization well known

People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories according to pictures.
About 5,000 years ago the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as a kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet(字母表).
The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture-writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modem comic-strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic-strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.
By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area a-round the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.
These days we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawings, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the streets, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.
6. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because ________.
A. the hunters wanted to see the pictures B. the painters were animal lovers
C. the painters wanted to show imagination D. the pictures were thought to be helpful
7.The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.
A. the former was easy to write B. there were fewer signs in the former
C. the former was easy to pronounce D. each sign stood for only one sound
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.
B. The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories.
C. The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one.
D. The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians.
9. In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures　__________.
A. should be made comprehensible B. should be made interesting
C. are of much use in our life D. are disappearing from our life