William Henry Bragg was born at Westward，Cumberland，on July 2,1862.He was educated at Market Harboroagh Grammar School and afterwards at King William’s College，Isle of Man.Elected as a minor scholar of Trinity College，Cambridge，in 1881，he studied mathematics under the wellknown teacher，Dr E．J.Routh.He studied physics in the Cavendish Laboratory during a part of 1885，and at the end of that year he was elected to the Professorship of Mathematics and Physics in the University of Adelaide，South Australia.
His research interests dealt with a great many fields and he was skilled at picking up a subject，almost casually，making an important contribution，and then dropping it again.However，the work of Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913～1914 founded a new branch of science of the greatest importance and significance，the analysis of the crystal structure by means of Xrays.It is true that the use of Xrays as an instrument for the systematic revelation of the way in which crystals are built was entirely due to the Braggs.This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize jointly to father and son in 1915.
He was an honorary Doctor of some sixteen universities，and a member of the leading foreign societies.Many other medals and awards were bestowed upon him among which may be mentioned the Rumford Medal in 1916 and the Copley Medal (its premier award) in 1930.
He was the author of many books，including Studies in Radioactivity，XRays and Crystal Structure，The World of Sound，Concerning the Nature of Things，Old Trades and New Knowledge，An Introduction to Crystal Analysis，and The Universe of Light.His favorite hobby was golf.After a life of astonishing productiveness，Sir William Bragg died on March 10,1942.William Henry Bragg was awarded the Nobel Prize because________.
| A．he succeeded in using Xrays to find out the crystal structure |
| B．he was the first to use Xrays to help to do his experiment |
| C．he determined to learn everything well and then gave them up |
| D．he was successful in his research work with the help of his son |
According to this passage，William Henry Bragg was interested in all the subjects EXCEPT________.
| A．mathematics | B．physics |
| C．medicine | D．sports |
Which one of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
| A．Bragg became a professor in the University of Adelaide in 1885. |
| B．Bragg won the Rumford Medal and the Copley Medal in the same year. |
| C．Bragg gained great achievements in many fields，including society. |
| D．Bragg and Lawrence wrote the book XRays and Crystal Structure. |
Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
| A．William Henry Bragg’s Productive Life |
| B．William Henry Bragg：A Famous Author |
| C．Bragg and His Son—Two Great Scientists |
| D．Xrays and the Crystal Structure |
Jee Hock and Meng Kim were very good friends. Jee Hock could not see. He was blind. Meng Kim could not walk. He was lame. They lived in a village near a forest. Everyone in the village was going to a rich man’s dinner on the other side of the forest. Jee Hock and Meng Kim were anxious to attend the dinner too.
Blind Jee Hock thought of a plan. He would carry Meng Kim. The lame man could tell him the way. Meng Kim said that the plan was a good one.
On the way through the forest, Meng Kim saw a tiger. He did not tell Jee Hock about it. Instead, he quietly asked Jee Hock to carry him to the nearest tree. Upon reaching an over banging branch, Meng kim quickly hauled himself up.
Then the tiger roared. Jee Hock at once knew a tiger was near. He lay down quietly. The tiger came to him and sniffed his body. The tiger’s whiskers touched Jee Hock’s nose. At once Jee Hock sneezed, “Ah choooooo!” The tiger was afraid and ran away.
Then Meng Kim came down from the tree. He asked Jee Hock about the tiger. Jee Hock said that the tiger had told him to choose his friends wisely.
45. Jee Hock and Meng Kim were good ______.
A. men B. tigers C. friends D. brothers
46. They decided to go to ______.
A. a picnic B. a dinner C. a party D. the cinema
47. When Meng Kim saw the tiger, he ______.
A. shouted loudly B. did not tell Jee Hock about it
C. quickly climbed up a tree D. lay down quietly
48. Jee Hock knew the tiger was near. He ______.
A. wen
t to sleep B. cried
C. sat down and waited D. lay down quietly
49. Jee Hock sneezed because the tiger’s whiskers ______.
A. hurt himB. was very long
C. cut his nose D. touched his nose
Mrs. Allen’s husband died ten years ago when her son and daughter were still in high school. Mr. Allen had left some money, and since Mrs. Allen had managed a bookstore before she was married, she took the money and bought a shop in town. Later she moved the shop out to the shopping center.
She was a pleasant woman; she worked hard and was well-informed about books, and so the bookstore prospered(生意兴隆) and she was able to hire a friend to help her.
Laura Barnes, Mrs. Allen’s friend and assistant, was also a widow. She had some free time and the need for a little extra-money, and so she took the job in the bookstore. She was too clever and friendly, and the two women were well-known in the neighbourhood as “Mrs. A” and “Mrs. B”
41. How many people in all were there in the two women’s families? ______.
A. At least 8 B. At least 7 C. At least 6 D. At least 4
42. The bookstore prospered ______.
A. after Mrs. Allen lost control of it
B. before Mrs. A got to know Mrs. B
C. because the two women had little housework to do
D. because Mrs. A became expert at management and threw herself into it
43. Why did Mrs. A hire Mrs. B? ______.
A. Mrs. B asked for very little pay
B. She believed that Mrs. B was the very person to help her to improve management
C. Mrs. B was a friend of hers
D. She was also that kind of woman like her
44. Which of the following is true? ______.
A. Mrs. A set up her bookshop in the shopping center
B. Mr. Allen was dead but Mr. Barnes alive
C. Mrs. A managed to set another bookstore with Mrs. B
D. The two children of Mrs. A were of the same age
三.阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分）
The 
horsepower was first used two hundred years ago. James Watt had made the world’s first widely used steam engine. He had no way of telling people exactly how powerful it was, for at that time there were no units for measuring power.
Watt decided to find out how much work one strong horse could do in one minute. He called that unit one horsepower. With this unit he could measure the work his steam engine could do.
He discovered that a horse could lift a 3,300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in one minute. His engine could lift a 3,300 pound weight 100 feet in one minute.
Because his engine did ten times as much work as the horse, Watt called it a t
en-horsepower engine.
36. Watt made the world’s first ______.
A. train B. engine C. steam engine D. bus
37. Watt wanted to find a way ______.
A. to lift a 3,300-pound weight
B. to show how useful his steam engine was
C. to tell people exactly how powerful his steam engine was
D. to measure the weight of his steam engine
38. What does one horsepower mean? It means ______.
A. one horse’s power
B. what one strong horse can do in one minute
C. what one horse can 
do in a day
D. what work one horse can do as much as possible
39. Which is not true? ______.
A. Watt decided to find out how much work one strong horse could do in one mi
nute
B. Watt decided to make the world’s first widely used horse engine
C. He wanted to find a way to tell people exactly how powerful his engine was
D. He wanted to measure the work his engine could do
40. The best headline for the article is ______.
A. Horsepower B. Watt’s steam engine
C. A ten-horsepower engine D. The beginning of horsepower
Grown－ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But
does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion（视觉影像）of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch , and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16-to 24- week -old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16－week－old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted（替换）a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to notice the switch（更换）. Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of“something permanence, ”while the 22－week－old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
74. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. babies’ sense of sight B. ef
fects of experiments on babies
C. babies’ understanding of objects D. different tests on babies’ feelings
75. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence”means that when out of sight, an object ________.
A. still exists B. keeps its shape C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach
76. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.
B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.
One hundred new
bookstalls that will sell newspapers as well as books have been making their debut on city streets since Saturday morning.
The newsstands are part of the city’s efforts to improve the appearance of streets and neighborhoods. The news-stands’ design, featuring large glass window, will help the customers to see what is on sale at a glance.
An electrical screen on the newsstands will announce immediately the arrival of the latest papers. The newsstands will also help collect utility fees. There will be 1,000 newsstands by the end of the year. The newly formed Oriental Books and Papers Service Co. Ltd will manage the stalls. According to sources from the company, over 80 percent of the people hired to operate the stands will be recruited from laid-off workers. This means the project will help ease the city’s unemployment pressure, sources said.
All recruited will undergo a training pr
ogramme and be clad in green uniform. Municipal Vice-part Secretary Gong Xueping said the installation of the 100 stands was just the first step towards the objective of setting up 1,000 stands in the city by the end of the year.
He said the creation of the stalls would be of particular significance to the enhancement of the city’s spiritual civilization. He also made some suggestions regarding the location, design, and construction of the new stands, and the renovation of the existing newsstands.
57. One hundred new bookstalls are set up to _______ .
A. classify the bookstores
B. beautify the streets and neighborhood
C. enrich people’s minds with knowledge
D. increase people’s purchasing power
58.The newsstands are made of large glass windows to ______ .
A. beautify the streets
B. differ from other shops
C. let the customers browse through what they want
D. reduce the expenses of the construction
59.Which sentence is not true?
The newsstands also help gather together other public service charges
The newsstands will make known the arrival of the current issue of paper.
These kinds of newsstands will widely set up.
The newsstands just sell newspapers and magazines.
60.What is the other purpose of building these newsstands? Give the laid—off workers a chance
to _______.
A. make a living B. take up hobbies
C. ease their pressure D. enrich their minds