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An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome.
In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起)the "If All of Seattle Read the Same Book " project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong.
In Chicago, the mayor(市长)appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the "One Book, One Chicago" program. As a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.
The only problem arose in New York, where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致)can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy
And passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.
Ultinatel was Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process. or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.
 What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?

A.To invite authors to guide readers.
B.To encourage people to read and share.
C.To involve people in community service.
D.To promote the friendship between cities.

Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?

A.They had little interest in reading.
B.They were too busy to read a book.
C.They came from many different backgrounds
D.They lacked support from the local government

 According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out?

A.In large communities with little sense of unity
B.In large cities where libraries are far from home
C.In medium-sized cities with a diverse population
D.In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached

The underlined words “shared a word” in Paragraph 5 probably mean

A.exchanged ideas with each other
B.discussed the meaning of a word
C.gamed life experience
D.used the same language

According to Nacy, the degree of students of the project is judged by
the careful selection of a proper book
the growing popularity of the writers
C. the number of people who benefit from reading.
D. the number of books that each person reads.

科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
知识点: 日常生活类阅读
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阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.

Light Awash in Watercolor

Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.

Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity

From webs to cocoons, invertebrates(无脊椎动物)create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺)materials.

Wheel Throwing

Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!

Knitting and Pom-Pom Making

Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit(编织).

(1)What do we know about ARTS FIRST?

A.

It is an exhibition of oil paintings.

B.

It offers art courses for all ages.

C.

It presents recreational activities.

D.

It is a major tourist attraction.

(2)Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures?

A.

Light Awash in Watercolor.

B.

Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.

C.

Wheel Throwing.

D.

Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.

(3)What can you do together with Javier Marin?

A.

Practice a traditional dance.

B.

Make handcrafts.

C.

Visit a local museum.

D.

Feed invertebrates.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.

ㅤThis effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons,people's errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.

ㅤBut a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.

ㅤIn a follow﹣up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates?Did they follow those least willing to change their minds?This happened some of the time,but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently,the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision﹣making are enormous.

(1)What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? ____

A.

The methods of estimation.

B.

The underlying logic of the effect.

C.

The causes of people's errors.

D.

The design of Galton's experiment.

(2)Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ____

A.

the crowds were relatively small

B.

there were occasional underestimates

C.

individuals did not communicate

D.

estimates were not fully independent

(3)What did the follow﹣up study focus on? ____

A.

The size of the groups.

B.

The dominant members

C.

The discussion process.

D.

The individual estimates.

(4)What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies?____

A.

Unclear.

B.

Dismissive.

C.

Doubtful.

D.

Approving.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.

ㅤTo do so,I divided the book into two parts. In part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

ㅤPart one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.

ㅤIn the final chapter of part one,I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so. I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.

ㅤThe second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters,I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high﹣quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices,which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.

(1)What is the book aimed at? ____

A.

Teaching critical thinking skills.

B.

Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.

C.

Solving philosophical problems.

D.

Promoting the use of a digital device.

(2)What does the underlined word"declutter"in paragraph 3 mean? ____

A.

Clear﹣up.

B.

Add﹣on.

C.

Check﹣in.

D.

Take﹣over.

(3)What is presented in the final chapter of part one? ____

A.

Theoretical models.

B.

Statistical methods.

C.

Practical examples.

D.

Historical analyses.

(4)What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?____

A.

Use them as needed.

B.

Recommend them to friends.

C.

Evaluate their effects.

D.

Identify the ideas behind them.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.

ㅤAfter studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer﹣causing chemicals?With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco﹣machine.

ㅤThe task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks,John added the sludge.

ㅤHe was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco﹣machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.

ㅤOver the years,John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse﹣like facility that treated sewage (污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco﹣machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.

ㅤ"Ecological design"is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,"he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self﹣repair."

(1)What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? ____

A.

He was fond of traveling.

B.

He enjoyed being alone.

C.

He had an inquiring mind.

D.

He longed to be a doctor.

(2)Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? ____

A.

To feed the animals.

B.

To build an ecosystem.

C.

To protect the plants.

D.

To test the eco﹣machine.

(3)What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? ____

A.

To review John's research plans.

B.

To show an application of John's idea.

C.

To compare John's different jobs.

D.

To erase doubts about John's invention.

(4)What is the basis for John's work? ____

A.

Nature can repair itself.

B.

Organisms need water to survive.

C.

Life on Earth is diverse.

D.

Most tiny creatures live in groups.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Bike Rental &Guided Tours

ㅤWelcome to Amsterdam,welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical,sustainable and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.

ㅤWhy MacBike

ㅤMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety,including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats,and children's bikes.

ㅤPrices


Hand Brake,Three Gears

Foot Brake,No Gears

1 hour

€7.50

€5.00

3 hours

€11.00

€7.50

1 day(24 hours)

€14.75

€9.75

Each additional day

€8.00

€6.00

ㅤGuided City Tours

ㅤThe 2.5﹣hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill,the Skinny Bridge,the Rijksmuseum,Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour,starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.

(1)What is an advantage of MacBike? ____

A.

It gives children a discount.

B.

It offers many types of bikes.

C.

It organizes free cycle tours.

D.

It has over 2,500 rental shops.

(2)How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?____

A.

€15.75.

B.

€19.50.

C.

€22.75.

D.

€29.50.

(3)Where does the guided city tour start?____

A.

The Gooyer,Windmill.

B.

The Skinny Bridge.

C.

Heineken Brewery.

D.

Dam Square.

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