Harmlessfunandbullying(欺负)sepa-优题课

任务型阅读,请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
ID systems are used as a means for people to prove their identity, as a means of access control, or for many other situations. ID cards also contain a lot more information than simply the name of the holder. All ID cards contain information that is relevant to the institution that released them, so there is no single model that applies to all ID cards.
Different institutions have different rules when it comes to ID cards, and ID cards used by students, in universities, will not have the same security features as those used in the military, for example. The more important the institution is, the more important the security is, and the more security features will be used to prevent duplication(复制) of an ID card.
Anyone with a printer that can print ID cards can duplicate in ID card, if it does not have any security measures. There have been lots of cases, especially in low security institutions, where ID cards have been duplicated and this was not noticed, since the person holding the card usually flashed it when it was requested, and that was not enough to notice that it is a fake.
That may not be extremely important when it is simply a case of a student trying to enter the campus of another university, but it can be of vital importance if it happens in a military institution. Checks in military institutions are much stricter and the personnel checking the card are always trained to spot fakes in a short amount of time.
Some may think that creating an ID card is extremely difficult, but it is not. All it takes is a special printer that can print ID cards, a model and a photo ID. The fact that such printers can be freely ordered online has raised security issues with lots of companies and institutions, and most have decided to either create their own ID cards, or simply use more advanced security features that regular home-users do not have access to. This includes magnetic stripes(磁条), chips, barcodes(条形码),and other methods. This does increase the cost of the card per person, so the total cost of the cards increases based on the number of employees the company has, but it also reduces security risks to a minimum.
So ID systems, as basic as they seem, are an excellent security measure for any institution. To ensure that the IDs look good and function properly, the company that handles the card printing services should be top-class. Trying to save some money by choosing a cheaper provider is not really wise. While some companies offer bonuses for large orders, if the quality provided is not of the highest standard, it is not worth it.

ID systems
Passage outline	Supporting details
______ to ID system	There is not a single model _____ to all ID cards because of different information contained in different ID cards. Different security features are decided by the degree of the ____ of the institutions
Security features of ID cards	With no security measures quite a lot of ______ of ID card duplication have happened. In a military institution ID cards are _____ more strictly
_______ of ID cards	It is not______ to make ID cards with special printers. Using magnetic stripes, chips and barcodes______ the safety of ID cards.
The author’s advice	_______ basic and simple, ID systems are an excellent security measure. It’s wise to _____ top-class providers or services to ensure ID cards of a fine quality.

It is not easy to find true friends．Even if you’ve connected with someone，how do you really know he is a true friend？And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down．There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend．
Generally speaking，a true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens．They will stand by you through bad and good times．They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you，and they will be there to help you grow in new ways．
A true friend will keep you secrets for you trust him．They will be honest and be someone you can depend on．They will listen and be someone you can talk things over with，even if they may not have advice to share with you．
However，friendship is a two-way street．To find true friends and keep them，you must in turn be the same as well．Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them．Be someone your friends can depend on as well and offer them the same thing they give to you．A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort．If you are the only one making an effort，be honest and it works．
Actually，there will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship．If it can survive those barriers，it will be stronger and better than ever．Just as St Thomas Aquinas put it，“There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship．”

任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
Blood donation, also called blood banking, is a wonderful thing to do. It is an easy and direct way to contribute to social work and help the community. It helps to save lives and helps those who are in need of blood due to bad condition or the heavy loss of blood during operations or in accidents.
You are able to give or donate blood every three or four month, and it is a great way to make a huge difference to someone’s life and you can always be proud of it after making valuable contributions to society. Blood donation is not a big problem, but you need to keep a few points in mind.
Before donating blood, make sure that the ferrum (铁) level in your body is high enough and for that you should take a healthy diet. Do not go for blood donation on an empty stomach. You should follow the correct process so that everything goes well. After having a balanced diet you will feel strong and comfortable to donate blood. Afterwards, you will not feel faint or weak.
For required hemoglobin (血红蛋白) in your body, drink lots of juice and other drinks. Fruit juice, such as apple juice is very good for increasing the blood level in your body.
For a good blood flow in your body, drink at least 6-7 glasses of water every day. Completely avoid a day before and after giving blood, taking alcohol (酒). Do not smoke half an hour before giving blood.
When you are going for blood donation, be relaxed, which helps keep the right blood pressure. During the blood donation activity, take a deep breath and try to calm yourself. Don’t join in some other activities.
When you donate blood, you are making the effort to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very simple and fast process, but you need to take care of yourself after donating blood. Proper care helps to reduce side effects. The following are a few tips that will help you out.
Take a rest for 15 minutes after the donation. It helps you to feel relaxed.
Eat something and drink juice before leaving the blood donation centre. Make sure that you have meals after donating blood. Smoking should be avoided for one hour after the process. Avoid some activities right away, for example, driving.
Finally, be proud of yourself because you have done a great thing in helping to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very important activity.

Title	Blood donation — an important activity
The of blood donation	• to social work and the community • Helping those people who suffer the loss of • Giving yourself a sense of pride
the donation	• Take a healthy for a high ferrum level. • Drink fruit juice for enough hemoglobin. • Drink at least 6-7 glasses of water daily for a good of blood. • taking alcohol and smoking cigarettes.
During the donation	• Relax and breathe deeply • Never take in other activities.
After the donation	• Take a rest. • Don’t skip . • Don’t smoke until one hour later. • Don’t join in some activities like driving

任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第1至第10小题的空格里填上适当的单词。注意：每空1个单词。
The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids’ backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It’s a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.
American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-school and doesn’t end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children’s grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don’t think about enough is how to help our children build their character—how to help them develop skills like perseverance, optimism, responsibility, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S.A.T. scores or I.Q.
There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children’s school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you’re concerned only with a child’s G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.
But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles,” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”
By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure—when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they’re good at—we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don’t know how to overcome them.
In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.

Back to School: Why Perseverance Is More Important than Good Grades?
Common phenomena	☺Parents throughout America _______ their kids’ backpacks up with snacks and school supplies.
☺Many American parents don’t _______ enough importance to their kids’ character building.
The writer’s __________	Parents should pay more attention to their kids’ character building.
Evidence and ______ findings	☺Parents’ anxiety about their kids’ performance may them from learning some valuable skills.
☺Parents concerned only with a kid’s G.P.A. have a to minimize the challenges the child faces.
☺Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are and more confident than those who haven’t.
☺Denying kids character-building experiences can in difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood.
The writer’s suggestions	☺ _________ kids to be risk-takers.
☺Give kids room to experience ___________..

Section B (10 marks)
Directions： Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not？
Why Difficult？
When we wrong someone we know，even not intentionally，we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders，the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart，or it can be stupid. So，readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What，then，is to be done？How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly？
Why Now？
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so，the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles，cartoons，advice columns，and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
Why Bother？
Why do we apologize？Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult，embarrassing，and even risky？Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind，their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly，then，leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology，there needs to be a good，strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why Refuse？
Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize，even when a public apology seems to be in order？Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations，as we shall see，but it is a high-risk strategy.
―→·Public apology is much more than a(an) act.
·It’s no job to strike a balance between apologizing or not.
·Apologies not offered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.
Why has the issue of public apology been so now in USA?―→ ·In an ， admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.
·The of public apologies has been widely reported in the mass media.
―→ ·Being public figures， leaders are supposed to appear .
·There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader toin public.―→ ·Making apologies is likely to be personally uncomfortable and.
·Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do to their organization.

______	People often cross the line between harmless fun and bullying，resulting in bullying，which is often hidden.
_______	Harmless fun	Hurting nobody’s _______ and bringing laughter
Bullying	●Making someone feel _______ ●Hurting somebody unconsciously
Reasons	●People’s own line differing from time to time because of _______ ●Harmless fun possibly turning into bullying once it develops ____ people’s own limit of tolerance
_______	●Trying not to_______ ●Dealing with harmless fun properly especially when one is______ ●_______________ ●Trying to understand before trying to be understood. ●Regarding the listener as your parent，brother，child or good friend ●Not making comments behind one’s back in order to avoid being misunderstood