Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure (结构) and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals (个体). Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.
Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress. The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.
| A．conserve | B．build | C．recreate | D．evaluate |
According to the author, the teacher should _______.
| A．free students from outside pressures |
| B．set the standards and rules on his own |
| C．be responsible for a well-organized class |
| D．focus more on instruction and evaluation |
From the passage we can learn that ______.
| A．rules cannot be changed once they’re formed |
| B．outside pressures may not cause tension among students |
| C．if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task |
| D．if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess |
What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
| A．To provide information for teaching. |
| B．To show the importance of teaching a class. |
| C．To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom. |
| D．To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class. |
Grandpa Nybakken loved life—especially when he could play a trick on somebody. At those times, his large Norwegian frame shook with laughter while he pretended innocent surprise, exclaiming，"Oh, forevermore ！ “ But on a cold Saturday in downtown Chicago, Grandpa felt that God played a trick on him, and grandpa wasn't laughing.
Grandpa worked as a carpenter. On this particular day, he was building some boxes for the clothes his church was sending to an orphanage abroad. On his way home, he reached into his shirt pocket to find his glasses, but they were gone. He remembered putting them there that morning, so he drove back to the church. His search proved fruitless.
Suddenly, he realized what happened. The glasses had slipped out of his pocket unnoticed and fallen into one of the boxes, which he had nailed shut. His brand new glasses were heading for China ！The Great Depression was at its height, and Grandpa had six children. He had spent twenty dollars for those glasses that very morning.
"It's not fair，" he told God as he drove home in frustration. "I've been very faithful in giving of my time and money to your work, and now this."
Several months later, the director of the orphanage was on vacation in the United States. He wanted to visit all the churches that supported him, so he came to speak on Sunday night at my grandfather's small church in Chicago. Grandpa and his family sat in their usual seats among the small congregation (教堂会众).
"But most of all，" he said，" I must thank you for the glasses you sent last year. “ Even if I had the money, there was simply no way of replacing those glasses. Along with not being able to see well, I experienced headaches every day, so my coworkers and I were much in prayer about this. Then your boxes arrived. When my staff removed the covers, they found a pair of glasses lying on the top. " After a long pause, he continued，" Folks, when I tried on the glasses, it was as though they had been custom-made just for me! I want to thank you for being a part of that！"
The people listened, happy for the amazing glasses. But the director surely must have confused their church with another, they thought, there were no glasses on their list of items to be sent overseas.
But sitting quietly in the back, with tears streaming down his face, an ordinary carpenter realized the Master Carpenter had used him in an extraordinary way. Which of the following is NOT true about Grandpa Nybakken according to the passage?
| A．He was an outgoing man and held an active attitude towards life. |
| B．He had a large family to support. |
| C．He was a carpenter working in the church. |
| D．He was a loyal Christian. |
Grandpa spent much of his time and money in church mainly to __________
| A．help the priest do some religious work |
| B．help those people in need |
| C．make some woodwork for the church |
| D．seek some help from God |
The people in the church but Grandpa felt confused at what the director said because __________.
| A．Grandpa didn't tell the director that he was the owner of the glasses |
| B．the director wanted to return the glasses even though he liked it |
| C．the director could not get such glasses in their own country |
| D．the glasses were not included in the donation list |
Who does “the Master Carpenter" in the last paragraph probably refer to?
| A．Grandpa's master. |
| B．One of Grandpa's friends. |
| C．God. |
| D．Grandpa's coworker. |
Which can be the best title of the passage?
| A．Grandfather's life |
| B．The Helpful Donation |
| C．The Perfect Mistake |
| D．An Impressive Speech |
At the time friends visit us in the evening, they often tell us they are in a hurry and look at their watches. It isn't that our friends are all very busy; it is just that we haven't got a television. People think that we are very strange. “But what do you do in the evening?”，they are always asking. The answer is very simple. Both my wife and I have hobbies. We certainly don't spend our evenings looking at the walls. My wife enjoys cooking and painting and often attends evening classes in foreign languages. This is quite useful as we often go abroad for our holidays. I collect stamps and I'm always busy with my collection. Both of us enjoy listening to the music and playing chess together.
Sometimes there are power（电源） cuts and we have no electricity in the house. This does not worry us and we just light candles and carry on with what we were doing before. Our friends, however, are lost－no television!—So they don't know what to do. On such evenings our house is very full for they all come to us. They all have a good time. Instead of sitting in silence in front of the television, everybody talks and plays games.The couple have not got a television, because ________.
| A．they are not rich enough |
| B．they are strange people |
| C．they enjoy spending evenings in their own ways |
| D．they don't know what to do when there are power cuts |
Both of them are interested in __________.
| A．learning languages |
| B．travelling |
| C．staying home alone |
| D．watching people play games |
At night when there is no electricity, the couple ________.
| A．have to look at the walls |
| B．can do nothing but sit in silence |
| C．will have many visitors |
| D．have to go out for candles |
The writer tries to tell us that ________.
| A．life is possible without a television |
| B．life is enjoyable with many friends |
| C．electricity is important |
| D．television is useful |
The best title for this passage is ________.
| A．Why Do We Need a Television? |
| B．Candle! But No Electricity! |
| C．Different Friends, Different Hobbies. |
| D．We Go Without Televisions ！ |
I first went to Harrow in the summer term. The school had the biggest swimming pool I had ever seen. It was a good joke to come up behind a naked boy, and push him into the pool. I made quite a habit of this with boys of my own size or less.
One day 1 saw a boy wrapped in a towel on the side of the pool. He was no bigger than I was, so I thought him a fair game. Coming secretly behind, I pushed him in, holding on to his towel so that it would not get wet, I was surprised to see an angry face come out from the water, and a being of great strength making its way by fierce strokes(猛力地划)to the shore. I fled, but in vain. He overtook me, seized me violently, and threw me into the deepest part of the pool. I soon climbed out on the other side, and found myself surrounded by a crowd of younger boys. ‘‘Do you know what you have done?" they said，“ It's Amery ；he is in Grade Six. He is champion at gym. He has got his football honor. ”
I was frightened and felt ashamed. How could I tell his position when he was wrapped in a bath towel and so small. He didn't seem pleased at all, so I added in a most brilliant word，“ My father, who is a great man, is also small. ” At this he laughed, and after some general words about my rude behavior and how I had better be careful in the future, signified the incident was closed. The writer thought Amery "a fair game "because the boy ________.
| A．looked like an animal |
| B．was fond of games |
| C．was of similar size |
| D．was good at sports |
The writer felt" ashamed" because ________.
| A．he was laughed at by other boys |
| B．Amery turned out to be in the same grade |
| C．he pushed Amery hard and hurt him |
| D．he played a joke on an outstanding athlete |
By saying “ My father, who is a great man, is also small”，the writer ________.
| A．tried to please Amery |
| B．challenged Amery |
| C．threatened Amery |
| D．admired his father |
Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．The writer could run faster than Amery. |
| B．The writer liked playing on boys of all sizes. |
| C．Amery was a student in Grade Four， |
| D．Amery forgave the writer for his rude behavior. |
What does the underlined word "overtook" mean?
| A．caught hold of |
| B．caught up with |
| C．took a look at |
| D．shouted at |
Pop stars today enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty(皇室）. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive aero planes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage (随从）of managers, press agents and bodyguards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like royalty, pop stars are news. If they enjoy many of the privileges of royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public. They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds who idolize them. They are no longer private individuals, but public property. The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are great.
And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great days of Hollywood have become legendary ： famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation (奉承）on an all-time scale. By today's standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did. The competition for the title "Top of the Pops” is fierce, but the rewards are truly huge.
It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Don't the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the service they perform to their companies and their countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency—often more than large industrial companies- and the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer (国库）• So who would begrudge them their rewards?
It's all very well for people in boring jobs to complain about the successes and rewards of others. People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. But a man who at-tempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed ： they are the payback for the huge risks involved and once he makes it, he will certainly earn them. That's the essence of private enterprise. The author develops the passage mainly by __________.
| A．comparing different ideas |
| B．giving explanations |
| C．inferring |
| D．listing typical examples |
The underlined word “begrudge" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to __________.
A. be jealous of
B. be satisfied with
C. be anxious about
D, be crazy aboutAccording to the passage, which of the following can match the view of the author?
| A．He who laughs last laughs best. |
| B．If you venture nothing, you will gain nothing. |
| C．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. |
| D．Success belongs to the persevering. |
The author holds a(n)__________ attitude towards the high income of pop stars.
| A．critical |
| B．approval |
| C．optimistic |
| D．indifferent |
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
| A．People are blind in idolizing stars. |
| B．There is fierce competition in becoming pop stars. |
| C．The government taxes pop stars very little. |
| D．Pop stars'life is more luxurious than that of royalty. |
New rules will let millions of Americans know where more of their food comes from. The law is known as COOL-Country of Origin Labeling.
American Congress first passed the law in 2002. Stores have had to label seafood by country-of-origin since 2005. But industry pressure delayed other requirements until last week.
Products that must now be labeled include fresh fruits and vegetables, muscle meats and some kinds of nuts. But the rules are complex, and many foods are excluded. For example, organ meats are free to be labeled. So are processed foods, including cooked or smoked food.
The United States has imported more and more food in recent years to save money and expand choices. Country-of-origin labeling has become more common lately but has still been limited in many stores.
Food safety is one reason why some shoppers pay close attention to where foods came from. For example, when a large number of people recently got sick from salmonella (沙门菌病），officials blamed peppers from Mexico. Yet the last big food scare involved spinach (菠菜）grown in California. But labeling is also a way for people to know they are getting what they want. Some want to buy local foods or foods from a particular country.
The country-of-origin labeling law gives stores 30 days to correct any violations that are found. Stores and suppliers that are found to be deliberately violating the law could be fined 1，000dollars per violation. Federal inspectors are not to take action to en-force the law for six months to give time for an education campaign.
Some food safety activists say they are generally pleased with the law. They call it a good step that will give people more useful information. What's the regulation in the new rules?
| A．Stores have to label food by its producing date from now on. |
| B．The country-of-origin labeling has to be marked on more food. |
| C．Stores have to label seafood by country of origin. |
| D．Labeling of food should include more useful information. |
Why has more and more food been imported to the United States in recent years?
| A．Because it is economical and provides people with more choices. |
| B．Because the United States is short of food supply. |
| C．Because Americans need more and more food recently. |
| D．Because foreign food is of higher quality than native food. |
Consumers are more concerned about where foods came from because __________.
| A．they are curious about the country of the food origin |
| B．they are particular about the tastes of the food |
| C．they are concerned about food safety and want to get what they want |
| D．most of the shoppers are food safety activists themselves |
The new rules of the country-of-origin labeling law will come into effect __________.
| A．right now |
| B．in a month |
| C．in three months |
| D．in half a year |
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
| A．Most Americans prefer imported vegetables to the vegetables grown in local places， |
| B．The government of America will forbid importing peppers from Mexico. |
| C．The law was not fully carried out until last week because of food industry's resistance. |
| D．Store owners are most likely to be the supporters of the law. |