Militarytraininghaslongbeencon-优题课

Steve Sparks was a young successful lawyer when a bruise （挫伤） on one of the legs of his 3-year-old daughter changed his life. The bruise led to a doctor’s visit. The doctor said his daughter was suffering from leukemia (白血病).
Steve said that in a moment his life changed from what restaurant he was going to take his clients (客户) to lunch to whether his daughter Katie was ever going to see her fourth birthday.
For three years Katie received a lot of treatment at the Nemours Hospital for Children in Wilmington, Delaware and with the help of wonderful doctors, kind nurses, whom Steve and his wife Michelle called heroes, Katie’s leukemia was cured (治愈).
Forever changed by the experience and encouraged by the heroes at Nemours who saved his daughter’s life, Steve felt he couldn’t go back to business as usual. He felt there was something else he was meant to do and that something else led him to join the Nemours Foundation（基金会）at the age of 28. The job change came with a 65% pay cut from what he was making as a lawyer, but Steve thought he was right and it was more important to help those who need help. Steve is glad to have made such a choice.
Katie is now a healthy 20-year-old college student and Steve is one of the leaders of the Nemours Foundation. In three weeks Steve will have a party for Katie’s 21st birthday, and give big thanks to the Nemours by riding his bicycle from Nemours in Jack-sonville, Florida to Wilmington, Delaware. He’ll ride 900 miles in 9 days and raise $100,000 for the Nemours Foundation with the hope of saving more children’s lives.
From the text we can learn that _____.

A．Steve hated being a lawyer

B．Katie’s bruise caused leukemia

C．Katie suffered from leukemia at four

D．Steve had ever doubted whether Katie could survive

What did Steve and his wife think of the doctors and nurses?

A．They were unfriendly.

B．They were great.

C．They were inexperienced.

D．They were clever.

Which of the following is TRUE about Steve’s becoming a member of the Nemours Foundation?

A．He felt sorry about his decision.

B．He didn’t get even half the pay he used to.

C．His daughter gave him much encouragement.

D．He was advised to do so by the doctors.

Steve will ride 900 miles in 9 days to _____.

A．show he is strong enough

B．celebrate his daughter’s birthday

C．raise money to save more children’s lives

D．advise people to do more exercise

It was very cold and I had been watching a homeless man make himself comfortable in a “shelter” on the river bank. His “shelter” was a tarpaulin (油布) tied to rocks to keep the wind from blowing it away. He had been living there for over a month. I never saw him with warm clothing or food. I knew what I wanted to do.
When I told my parents what I wanted to do they were alarmed. They said I could be putting myself at risk, taking a box to a homeless person at night! But I knew, in my deep heart, that I would be safe.
I got a box. My parents watched as I added warm gloves, a heavy blanket ... into the box until it was full! Then, I put a Christmas card on top. It said, “Even though we hardly know each other, I want to wish you a Merry Christmas!” I put ten one-dollar bills inside it as well.
My father insisted he went there with me as it was 10 pm on Christmas Eve. I said he could drive me but he had to stay in the car. He agreed.
I took the box and walked towards his “house”. I called, “Sir, I have a Christmas box for you!”
“Go away!” he shouted.
“Sir,” I repeated.
“Go away!” he shouted.
“Why?” I asked him.
He walked over and I expected to see an angry face. Instead I saw two of the most beautiful, gentle, blue eyes I have ever seen.
“Merry Christmas!” I said.
“Why are you doing this?” he asked.
“Because you matter to me,” I said. With that I gave him the box.
Tears came to his eyes and he thanked me. I got back to the car and watched him carry the box like it was filled with gold. I didn’t want to embarrass (使困窘) him by watching him any more so Dad and I left.
The underlined word “alarmed” can best be replaced by _____.

A．pleased	B．worried
C．disappointed	D．surprised

Why did the author ask his father to stay in the car?

A．Because he wanted to prove he was brave.

B．Because he believed the homeless man was bad.

C．Because he wanted to protect his father from being hurt.

D．Because he didn’t want the homeless man to feel bad.

When the homeless man saw the author first, he was _____.

A．quite angry	B．very excited
C．quite puzzled	D．very curious

The author’s purpose in writing the text is to tell readers that _____.

A．it is easier said than done

B．poverty is the mother of health

C．where there is a will, there is a way

D．a willing helper does not wait until he is asked

D
The valley known as Sleepy Hollow hides from the world in the high hills of New York State. There are many stories told about the valley, but the story that people believe most is about a man who rides a horse at night. The story says the man died many years ago during the American Revolutionary War. His head was shot off. Every night he rises from his burial place, jumps on his horse and rides through the valley looking for his lost head.
Near Sleepy Hollow is a village called Tarry Town. The village had a small school, where there was a teacher named Ichabod Crane which was a good name for him because he was tall and thin like a crane.
Ichabod didn’t make much money as a teacher. To pay for his food he earned extra money by teaching young people to sing. Every Sunday after church Ichabod taught singing.
Among the ladies Ichabod taught was one Katrina Van Tassel, who was the only daughter of a rich Dutch farmer, a girl in bloom much like a round red rosy apple. Ichabod had a soft and foolish heart for the ladies and soon found himself interested in Miss Van Tassel.
However, there were many problems blocking the road to Katrina’s heart. One was a strong young man named Brom Van Brunt, who was a hero to all the young ladies. His shoulders were big. His back was wide. He always won the horse races in Tarry Town and earned many prizes. Such was the enemy Ichabod had to defeat for Katrina’s heart.
Stronger and wiser men would not have tried, but Ichabod had a plan. He couldn’t fight with his enemy in the open, so he did it silently and secretly. He made many visits to Katrina’s farm and made her think he was helping her to sing better.
Time passed and the town’s people thought Ichabod was winning. Brom’s horse wasn’t seen at Katrina’s house on Sunday nights anymore.
One day in autumn, Ichabod was asked to go to a big party at Katrina’s home. He dressed himself in his best clothes. A farmer loaned him an old horse for the long trip to the party.
The house was filled with farmers, their wives, daughters and sons. Brom Van Brunt rode to the party on his fastest horse called Daredevil. All the young ladies smiled happily when they saw him. Soon music filled the rooms and everyone began to dance and sing.
Ichabod was happy dancing with Katrina as Brom looked at them with a jealous heart.
Ichabod seemed very happy until he said goodnight to Katrina. Was she ending their romance? He left feeling very sad. Had Katrina been seeing Ichabod just to make Brom Van Brunt jealous so he would marry her?
Well, Ichabod began his long ride home on the hills that surrounded Tarry Town. He began to whistle as he came close to the tree where a man was killed years ago by rebels.
There, in the dark woods on the side of the river, where the bushes grew low, stood an ugly thing, big and black. It didn’t move but seemed ready to jump like a giant monster.
Ichabod’s hair stood straight up. It was too late to run, and in fear of it, he did the only thing he could. His shaking voice asking “Who are you?” broke the silent valley.
The thing didn’t answer. Ichabod asked again. Still no answer. Ichabod’s old horse began to move forward. The black thing began to move along the side of Ichabod’s horse in the dark. For a moment the moon shone down and to Ichabod’s horror he saw it was a horse with a rider whose head was not on his body. It was in front of the rider, resting on the horse.
“Only if I can get there first, I am safe,” thought Ichabod, kicking his horse. He looked back to see if the headless man had stopped. He saw the man pick up his head and throw it with powerful force. The head hit Ichabod in the face and knocked him off his horse to the dirt below.
People found Ichabod’s horse the next day peacefully eating grass. They could not find Ichabod. The only other thing they found was lying near Ichabod’s hat. It was the broken pieces of a round orange pumpkin.
People talked about Ichabod for many weeks. Much later an old farmer returned from a visit to New York City. He said he was sure he saw Ichabod there. He thought Ichabod silently left Sleepy Hollow because he had lost Katrina.
As for Katrina, her mother and father gave her a big wedding when she married Brom Van Brunt. Many people who went to the wedding saw that Brom smiled whenever Ichabod’s name was spoken. And they wondered why he laughed out loud when anyone talked about the broken orange pumpkin found lying near Ichabod’s old dusty hat.
What tone did the author use to describe Ichabod?

A．Appreciative.	B．Sympathetic.
C．Ironic.	D．Scolding.

What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?

A．Ichabod did the foolish thing.

B．Ichabod was a wise man.

C．Ichabod made a careful plan.

D．Ichabod should try harder.

What probably happened to Ichabod in the end?

A．He was killed in Sleepy Hollow.

B．He left Sleepy Hollow in shame.

C．He lived a good life in another place.

D．He was missing for no reason.

Why were broken pieces of a round orange pumpkin found near Ichabod’s hat?

A．Ichabod carried a pumpkin with him.

B．Pumpkins were grown in Sleepy Hollow.

C．Brom had made use of the pumpkin.

D．Someone had dropped a pumpkin there.

Which of the following can be used to describe Brom?

A．Clever but cruel.	B．Rude and greedy.
C．Brave but selfish.	D．Generous and kind.

What is the passage mainly about?

A．Horrible stories about Sleepy Hollow.

B．The love of a village teacher.

C．A horse rider without head.

D．The competition between two men for a woman.

C
Not long ago, I was invited to speak at the annual banquet for an “elite” youth hockey organization. Before dinner, the organization’s president mentioned how he and his neighbor, another hockey dad, had seen the need for a top program in their area, and how much planning and money it took to create one. He talked about the championships his team had won in their first two years of operation. He also said his 6-year-old son and his neighbor’s boy were hockey-crazed best friends — or at least they used to be. His neighbor’s son was not selected for the team that first year, and the two men and their boys have not spoken to each other since.
In brief, that’s exactly what’s wrong with youth sports. Too much money, too much parent involvement and too many broken-hearted 6-year-old children. Perhaps the professionalism that has invaded youth sports is related to the Bruins, Patriots, Red Sox and Celtics all ringing up championships over the past decade. “Hey, I want some of that,” said Overzealous Sports Dad, jumping up from his couch. However, single-sport specialization, the privatization of youth leagues and the rankings of young children have become widespread. These are not positive trends, and meanwhile coaches, educators, community leaders and parents should take heed seriously.
Three out of four American families with school-aged children have at least one playing an organized sport — a total of about 45 million kids. By 15, as many as 80 percent of these young people have quitted, according to the Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. One reason is the gap between children’s desire to have fun and the misguided idea among some adults that their kids’ games are a very small version of grown-up competitions, where the goal is to win. After coaching for 20 years, I can say definitely that adult expectations are the No.1 problem. As we approach summer, when the living is supposed to be easy, too many families are searching the Internet for a private batting instructor, a summer hockey program, an expensive strength camp, etc. This is a misguided attempt to accelerate a process that may not even be occurring, since most young athletes will never reach the elite level.
When I was growing up in Methuen, we organized our own football, hockey and baseball teams. Any kid who had a football helmet, a pair of Bobby Orr Rally skates or a first baseman’s mitt could play. We contacted teams from other neighborhoods and played entire seasons without our parents having anything to do with it. My friends and I even staged our own tennis tournaments at the public courts. We played for the love of it. Indeed, many of us went on to play high school and college sports.
Some kids are sick of playing, and some are sick of playing in pain. A 2013 study of 1,200 young athletes showed those who concentrated on a single sport were 70 percent to 93 percent more likely to be injured than those who played multiple sports.
At that hockey banquet, I said adults must set their egos (自尊) aside and remember to let the kids have fun. And to do that, we need to return youth sports to the neighborhood, where they belong.
This summer, encourage your children to go fishing, play mini golf and invite their friends to shoot hoops in the driveway. Have them visit the library and wander around in the backyard chewing on blades of grass. And remember that the inside experience of playing a sport, the beauty and the joy of it belong to the kids themselves.
What does the first paragraph imply?

A．The author thinks highly of the organization’s president.

B．The neighbor’s son is a boy with remarkable athletic ability.

C．Some parents are having a wrong idea of sports.

D．Hockey is the most popular game for kids.

The underlined phrase “take heed” in Paragraph 2 means .

A．explore

B．suggest

C．avoid

D．consider

Why do many youngsters give up the sports they are playing?

A．They lose their interest in them as they grow up.

B．They fail to gain delight from them.

C．They have to concentrate on their studies.

D．They are too weak to take part in competitions.

When the author looked back on his childhood sports life, .

A．he believed it was very good and fit for children

B．he had forgotten his good friends’ weaknesses

C．he thought it was very simple but boring

D．he felt greatly grateful to his coaches and teammates

B
Seeking to find happiness through a job before you find happiness on a personal level is like trying to stand on stilts (桩子) on quicksand. That’s how Anahita Moghaddam feels about it, anyway. She believes it is our “primary responsibility” to cultivate (耕耘) love and happiness within ourselves, first and foremost. Moghaddam says that if you only look to your professional achievements to keep your sense of purpose and well-being going, a sense of emptiness or desperation can’t almost be avoided.
You and your brain are more flexible than you think. The brain changes and grows depending on what it interacts with. Positive thoughts will give support to neuron pathways (神经路径) for the feeling of joy; negative thoughts will make neuron pathways for feelings of sadness stronger. “The number of possible combinations of neurons that fire and wire together is 10 to the millionth power in your nervous system. In comparison, the number of atoms in our entire universe is estimated to be around 10 to the 80th power. If we are 10 to the millionth power, that makes us almost infinite. So what are we? Who are we? And what can we do with this?” she says.
Unfortunately, human brains have several biological tendencies to negative thoughts and feelings. First, human brains can identify and avoid threats. Often, that means that other humans instinctively register as competition, instead of teammates or comrades. Second, we’re biologically likely to remember a single negative incident more than multiple positive experiences.
Despite it, we can control the thoughts with mindfulness. As Rick Hanson explains, changes in our thoughts can change the grey matter in our brains, and vice versa. “Mental activity is like a spring shower, leaving little traces of neural structure behind,” he says. “Over time, the little tracks in the hillside draw in more water down, deepening their course.”
There are benefits to living mindfully other than happiness. People who try to live more mindfully can focus for longer periods of time. “The ability to focus more strategically makes you more clear. It makes you show up to your own life more fully,” Moghaddam says. “Happiness and creativity are the purpose and they are also the byproduct of living mindfully, living with purpose. Otherwise it is a social idea, and a concept that we grasp at, but it really starts in your heart.”
What does Moghaddam think the most important for us?

A．Working hard to avoid a sense of emptiness.

B．Finding a specific purpose for our own life.

C．Relying on our achievements to be happy.

D．Seeking happiness from our inner mind.

We can infer from Paragraph 3 that .

A．we are likely to remember good memories more than negative experiences

B．human brains instinctively refuse to remember negative thoughts

C．human brains can’t avoid threats instinctively

D．we tend to be impressed with negative incidents

What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Our nervous system.

B．Our ability to be infinite.

C．Our entire universe.

D．Our total number of neurons.