People have known since ancient times that aspirin（阿司匹林） reduces pain and lowers high body temperature. But that is not all the drug can do. In recent years, it has been used in other ways, too. Small amounts may help prevent a stroke or heart attack. One recent study showed that some people who took two aspirin pills a day had lower rates of colorectal cancer. And, some researchers say aspirin may help patients with colon cancer live longer. So, how did aspirin become so important? The story begins with a willow（柳树）．
2, 000 years ago, the Greek doctor Hippocrates advised his patients to chew on the bark and leaves of the willow. The tree contains a chemical called salicin. In the 1800s, researchers discovered how to make salicylic acid from the chemical. In 1897, a chemist named Felix Hoffmann at Friedrich Bayer and Company in Germany created acetyl salicylic acid. Later, it became the active substance in a medicine that Bayer called aspirin. The "a" came from acetyl. The "spir" came from the spirea plant, which also produces salicin. And the "in" ? That is a common way to end medicine names.
In 1982, a British scientist shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for discovering how aspirin works. Sir John Vane found that aspirin prevents the body from making the natural substances called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins have several effects on the body. Some cause pain and swelling（肿）． Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys(肾) and blood vessels work well. So there is a problem. Aspirin works against all prostaglandins, good and bad. It can also harm the inside of the stomach, and sometimes it can cause bleeding.
But a British study released in 2009 suggested that taking another drug with a small amount of aspirin may help reduce the risk of bleeding. If this proves true, it would help thousands of people who are seeking to prevent life-threatening conditions.
| A．tell us the harm of aspirin |
| B．help us know aspirin better |
| C．explain why aspirin is useful |
| D．prove that aspirin is a good medicine |
| A．It is not used until recent years. |
| B．Using it for a long time may lead to cancer. |
| C．It is very dangerous if it is used in the wrong way, |
| D．It has gained important new uses in recent years. |
When was the acetyl salicylic acid created?
| A．about 2,000 years ago. | B．In the early 1800s. |
| C．In the late 1800s | D．In recent years |
What is waiting to be solved according to the last paragraph?
| A．The bleeding caused by taking aspirin. |
| B．How to reduce the risk of getting colorectal cancer. |
| C．How to help patients with colon cancer live longer |
| D．The problem of low body temperature caused by taking aspirin |
I have a pen pal in Canada. His name is Simon. He lives in Ottawa, Canada. He is twelve years old. He also studies in a middle school.
Simon lives in a happy family. His father is a policeman and his mother is a bank clerk (职员). Simon and his parents like exercising. They almost exercise every day. Simon’s father is tall. He is good at playing basketball. Simon’s mother likes playing volleyball.
Simon usually gets up at 6.30 am. He eats his breakfast at home. Then he goes to school. It’s kind of far from the school to his home, so he usually has his lunch at school.
Usually, Simon does his homework four times a week. Simon likes watching TV. He usually watches TV for about one hour every day. He goes to bed at nine.Where does Simon come from?
| A．England. | B．America. | C．Canada. | D．China. |
How many people are there in Simon’s family?
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
What does Simon’s father do?
| A．He is a policeman. | B．He is a student. |
| C．He is a bank clerk. | D．He is a teacher. |
Where does Simon usually have lunch?
| A．At school. | B．At home. |
| C．In the students’ homes. | D．In the teachers’ homes. |
How long does Simon usually watch TV a week ?
| A．One hour. | B．Two hours. | C．Five hours. | D．Seven hours. |
All students need to have good study habits. When you have good study habits, you can learn things quickly. You can also remember them easily.
Do you like to study in the living –room? This is not a good place because it is usually too noisy. You need to study in a quite place, like your bedroom. A quiet place will help you only think about one thing, and you will learn better.
Before you begin to study, do not forget to clean your desk. A good desk light is important, too. You should turn up the desk light. You will feel tired easily if there isn’t enough light.When you have good study habits, you will __________ .
| A．learn things quickly | B．remember things easily |
| C．think about one thing | D．both A and B |
The living-room is not a good place for study because it is too ____ .
| A．quiet | B．noisy | C．good | D．clean |
You’ll feel tired easily if the light is _________ .
| A．good | B．enough | C．bad | D．wonderful |
Before you begin to study, don’t forget to ________.
| A．clean the desk | B．tidy the room |
| C．wash your face | D．take a deep breath |
In what place can we only think one thing?
| A．In the bedroom. | B．In the sitting-room. |
| C．In the living –room. | D．Near the desk. |
Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. 1t is in the south of the earth. Australia is big, but its population is small. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai.
Enough laws (法律)have been made to fight against pollution. The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants grow very well.
Last month we visited Perth， the biggest city in Western Australia, and went to a wild flower exhibition (展览). There we saw a large number of wild flowers we had never seen before. We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. In spring every year Perth has the wild flower exhibition. After visiting Perth we spent a day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path(小路) at the foot of a hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves. Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us down the path.
Australia is well-known for its sheep and kangaroos. After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere are sheep.Australia is ________.
| A．the largest country in the world | B．larger than China |
| C．as large as Shanghai | D．not as large as China. |
Enough laws have been made to ________.
| A．increase the population | B．grow more plants |
| C．fight against pollution | D．show wild flowers |
Perth is ________.
| A．the capital of Australia | B．in the west of Australia |
| C．in the east of Australia | D．the biggest city in Australia |
In Perth you may visit a wild flower in ________.
| A．October | B．January | C．May | D．July |
Which of the following sentences is true?
| A．All the big cities in Australia are seriously polluted. |
| B．Australia is well-known for its sheep, kangaroos and large population. |
| C．We ran back to the car because we were in the middle of white sheep. |
| D．If you go to the town in Australia, you will see a large number of white sheep. |
Are the lives of city kids the same as those in villages? In lots of ways, they are very different. But what are the differences?
Hu Peng and his four friends decided to find them out. Earlier this month, they went to live for a week at Huagui Village near Xishui. They went door to door there and asked kids there lots of questions. They wanted to learn more about village kids’ everyday lives, so they asked questions like these: Do your parents teach you how to do housework? How much money do you usually spend on dinner? What would you do if a thief comes into your houses? They also asked 150 city kids the same question.
On April 12, the team gave a report to their class. They told about lots of differences between children’s lives in cities and those in villages. The biggest difference is independence. Hu’s team say that more than 60 percent of city kids can’t do much housework, but more than 80 percent of village kids can care for themselves.
City kids told Hu they cared about school a lot, and they had no time to wash clothes or make their beds. Village kids said they helped their parents with a lot: they cook, clean houses and feed farm animals, Hu’s team also saw that village kids had less pocket money. Many never use computers. They play in rivers or on mountains. Some don’t really like to make new friends.
Hu’s team said their trip gave them more self-confidence(自信心) because they were doing something by them-selves. But it also worried them a bit because they saw they still had a lot to learn. “When we grow up, our parents can’t take care of us,” Hu said. “We have to learn to take care of ourselves. ”
请根据短文内容完成下表信息：
| Kids in the city |
Kids in the country |
| Can’t do much housework |
|
| No time to wash clothes or make bed |
|
| Have pocket money |
Have less pocket money |
| Use computers |
|
| Don’t like to make new friends |
Our earth is in trouble. Our drinking water is becoming dirtier, and the air is not as clean as before. People and factories are polluting the air, rivers and lakes and seas. You may think that there is mothing you can do to help. That’s not true. There are many things you can do to help the earth.
Cars burn gasoline. This will produce a lot of CO2 into the air. Some people believe that too much CO2 is making the earth warmer than ever. They think CO2 thins the clouds above us. The clouds keep us away from the strongest sunlight. So try to walk, ride a bike or take a bus. And if you drive a car, drive at a steady speed. This can save some gasoline.
The biggest energy use at home is for keeping warm and cool. So turn the air conditioner off when you don’t need to use it. Use lights that save energy.
Use fewer things that cannot be used again. When you buy something, consider those made from things that can be used again first.
（1）要用大量的水来洗澡沐浴。In one week an American family uses as much water for showers as a person drinks in three years! Buy a waterworks that uses less water, or take shorter showers. This can cut the use of water. 将（1）处译成英语。
_______________________________________________________________________________找出 If there is too much CO2 in the air, the earth will become warmer 的同义句。
_______________________________________________________________________________从文中找出能概括本文大意的句子。
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