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Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. alert    B. classify      C. commit   D. delicately   E. gentle     F. impose
G. labels   H. moderation    I. relieve    J. signals      K. simply
Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food ____ at the supermarket. Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help____some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.
Governments don't have to____healthier lifestyles through laws  for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with____hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.
The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains____by looking at the lights on the package. A green light ____that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be____; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in ____. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.

科目 英语   题型 阅读填空   难度 中等
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相关试题

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. It can last anywhere from one to six years, but four years is typical for most. An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman--someone who has done the job for many years. The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking.
One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything. The companies that hire them pay for school. What's more, it offers apprentices an "earn while you learn" opportunity. They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. Apprenticeship also pays off for employers. It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from.
Despite the advantages, apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night, which leaves little time for anything else. Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗) if business for the employers is slow.
Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with; others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors.

Criticism (批评) is everywhere in life. It is up to you to decide how to react to it. Learn how to deal with criticism and lead a happier and more relaxing life.
Ask yourself how the criticism will affect you. Will you lose your job because of the criticism? Will you lose what is important to you because you are criticized? Will life stop existing if your opinions are not accepted? Surely not! So, don’t worry about it. Instead, remember that some criticism actually helps you make some improvements.
You absolutely cannot stop what people say. What you can do, however, is to change the way you react to criticism. If you let it upset you, then the blame is on you. You have the right to decide what to do with the criticism you receive.
Don’t be afraid to accept criticism. No one likes to be told that he is wrong. Yet, every single person has, at one time or another, been blamed for something. Realize that it’s normal. You may have received some strong criticism, but it doesn’t mean that you are foolish, or that you don’t have the ability to do something properly. If you are afraid to put your work out for others to see, you’ll never know if you are a capable person. Try not to think of it in that way and don’t take it seriously. If you can learn to be optimistic, you will remove some stress and nervousness about what people think, thus becoming happier.
Consider where the criticism comes from. It may help you step back and examine what causes the criticism. Is the critic just trying to offer constructive criticism? It is much easier to accept correction or guidance from someone that has good intentions. This type of criticism is known as valid criticism, because there is a valid point or reason to it. On the other hand, there are critics that offer their advice just to be negative. This is commonly referred to as invalid criticism because it is often not of any use at all.
Do your best. And if someone doesn’t like what you’ve done, so what? It’s either valid criticism or invalid criticism. But you have the power to decide how you will allow it to affect you.
Title: How to deal with criticism

The author’s opinion about criticism
Criticism is a (n)part of life and it is up to you to decide your reaction to it.
Ways of dealing with criticism
●Understand the that criticism has on you:
1) Some criticism won’t make a difference to you, so don’t feel about it.
2) Some criticism can help you .
●Change the way you respond to criticism and try not to be about it.
●Accept criticism :
Receiving criticism doesn’t mean you are stupid or you are to do things.
●Be optimistic about criticism and you will become less stressed or .
●Think about the for criticism:
It may be valid criticism or invalid criticism.

Take criticism as it is and remember you decide how you respond to it.

The reason why science exists is to improve our lives. Sometimes science can ruin our small guilty pleasures we nature to be happier, though. These four little truths are just some of those.
Sleeping with pets is a good way to catch the plague(瘟疫), or some other bacterial infections, as is claimed in the study done in February 2011 in Emerging Infectious Diseases magazine. The study shares a case of a nine-year-old boy whose cat caught the plague and gave it to its owners while they were sharing a bed. A regular visit to the vet can greatly reduce the risk of your pet catching any disease that may infect the owner as well.
A recent study done on 200,000 people has shown that vitamin supplements do nothing to improve our lives, and what is worse—they actively increase our death risk. This conclusion from 2010 was so unbelievable that it made researchers do even more studies. Each study had the same result. People who choose vitamin supplements over fruit and vegetables are the same as people who choose to eat a burger over a healthy salad.
People who use the solarium(日光浴室)experience certain changes to their brains that are very similar to many caused by drug addiction. According to a study, our brain can in fact recognize the difference between the natural UV light and the solarium.
Long exposure to artificial light during the night is directly linked to a higher risk of breast cancer, obesity and depression. Exposure to artificial light before sleeping disturbs the natural biorhythms(生物节奏)of our bodies, which leads to restriction on the hormone(荷尔蒙)melatonin, which is the hormone that helps us fall asleep.

Title: Four scientific_______

Passage outline

Supporting details

Sharing bed with your pet is a terrible idea

*You will probably be infected with______.
*To reduce such risk, you should take your pet to visit the vet______.

Be______about vitamin supplements

Vitamin supplements actively increase the risk of______.

You can become_____ to solariums

The solarium may bring about changes to the______just like drugs do.

_____long exposure to artificial lights

*You are likely to_____from breast cancer, obesity and depression after long exposure to artificial lights.
*The natural biorhythms of your bodies will be disturbed and you will find it not______to fall asleep.

An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. It can last anywhere from one to six years, but four years is typical for most. An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman--someone who has done the job for many years. The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking.
One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything. The companies that hire them pay for school. What's more, it offers apprentices an "earn while you learn" opportunity. They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. Apprenticeship also pays off for employers. It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from.
Despite the advantages, apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night, which leaves little time for anything else. Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗) if business for the employers is slow.
Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with; others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors.

The basics of infrastructure design
It is rightly pointed out various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace. Lifestyle of today is remarkablyfast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance. Well, the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways, a single route can be accessed by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.
These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process. You have to hold fast to the various rules of designing, government standards and most importantly, their safety and usability for the people. In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required.
Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows:
The basic layout (布局) of the road — At this level of planning, various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt (沥青), the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more. These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.
The prior steps — Before any work is stated over the basic plan layout, there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs, the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on special designs to be useful when required, etc.
Inclusion of safety barriers — The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car. These include supplies like side rails and light poles.
Asphalt pavement marking — It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two way and one way roads.
Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents. Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways. With the help of novel infrastructure design engineers, we can make the best possible use of highways. If these are designed properly and sign boards are placed at the required points, a number of road accidents can be avoided.


The basics of infrastructure design
Reason for construction of infrastructure
Infrastructure must_________ the demands of today’s fast-paced lifestyle.
Challenges of design and _________
Various rules, standards, safety and usability should be taken into careful consideration.
Skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians have to work hard
_________.
Materials must be_________ to ensure their qualities.
Points to follow
Various engineers meet to make sure about fundamental _________ of the road.
Things like __________ trees that are potentially dangerous must be done before construction.
Safety barriers should be carefully_________ before being placed to prevent accidents.
Material that can _________ light should be used to marks on the pavement.
Possible problems and solutions
Smooth and wide highways may _________accidents.
Highways should be designed properly and sign boards
_________ at the required points.

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