Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure (结构) and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals (个体). Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.
Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.
| A．conserve | B．build | C．recreate | D．evaluate |
According to the author, the teacher should _______.
| A．free students from outside pressures |
| B．set the standards and rules on his own |
| C．be responsible for a well-organized class |
| D．focus more on instruction and evaluation |
From the passage we can learn that ______.
| A．rules cannot be changed once they’re formed |
| B．outside pressures may not cause tension among students |
| C．if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task |
| D．if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess |
What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
| A．To provide information for teaching. |
| B．To show the importance of teaching a class. |
| C．To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom. |
| D．To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class. |
NSE Summer School is suitable for those who are at, or are about to start university. lt will begin accepting applications in January 2013.
Courses ： Accounting and Finance; Economics; Management; Law; International Relations; Government and Society
Dates ： Session （学习时间）1:7 July ~25 July Session 2 ： 28July~ 15 August
Rate ： Standard Rate ： One session: $ 1，400；Both session ： $2，400
Reduced Student Rate ： One session ： $ 1，100；Both session ： $1，875
The reduced student rate applies to （适用于）fulltime students registered at a university or college anywhere in the world. Accommodation is not included, and fees range from $ 500 ~ $ 1，000 for20 nights.
Applicant requirements ：
If you have studied in the USA then you do not need any additional English qualifications （资格）. Students from other countries will generally not require a visa （签证）to study at the Summer School; however, you will enter the USA as a "Student Visitor". You are permitted to change courses before the start of the program and within the first three days of the session.
Contact hours and teaching methods ：
Summer School courses are full-time and normally consist of 48contact hours over the three-week period, taking the form of 36hours of lectures and 12 hours of classes. Lectures, attended by all students, take place in either the morning or afternoon supplemented by small one-hour classes, of approximately 15 students.
Assessment and examinations ：
Assessment for Summer School is based upon the results of either two written examinations, or a final written examination and assessment work. Everyone is required to take the examinations and no exception can be made for any reason.
Summer School lecture series ：
Famous economists-Tony Godden and David Held-have agreed to give lectures to Summer School participants in July in 2013.
If any questions, please click here to see our Frequently Asked Questions/Contact Us Page. During the course，__________
| A．students can learn about everything from culture to science |
| B．students can choose not to attend the lectures they don't like |
| C．world-famous economists will give students lessons every day |
| D．all the students must take part in the exams without any excuse |
From the passage, we can learn that __________.
| A．the program is specially designed for foreign students |
| B．NSE Summer School 2013 is a university level program |
| C．students can change their courses whenever they want to |
| D．a visa is required to study at the NSE Summer School |
The purpose of the advertisement is to __________.
| A．attract students to NSE Summer School |
| B．introduce famous economists to students |
| C．help students to pass the final exams |
| D．advertise for new staff for university |
You will most probably find this passage __________.
| A．in a newspaper |
| B．in a guidebook |
| C．on a webpage |
| D．in a magazine |
My 14-year-old son, John, and I spotted （看到）the coat at the same time in a second-hand clothing store. It stood out among big and old coats. It had beautiful tailoring and an unbelievable price：$28. I looked at my son and we both said nothing, but John's eyes shone. Dark, woolen topcoats were popular with teenage boys, but they could cost several hundred dollars new. This coat was even better. John tried it on and turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror. The fit was perfect.
John wore the coat to school the next day and came home with a big grin . "Did the kids like your coat?" I asked. "They loved it，"he said.
Over the next few weeks, John changed. He was polite, less ar-gumentative, more thoughtful, and on the whole much happier. "Good dinner, mom，" he would say every evening. Without a word of objection he would carry in wood for the stove （火炉）. One day when I suggested that he might start on his homework before dinner, John, who always put things off, said，"You're right. I guess I will. " When I mentioned this incident（事件，事情）to one of his teachers, she joked that the coat must have changed him.
John and I both know we should never mistake a person's clothes for the real person within them. But there is something to be said for wearing a standard of excellence for the world to see, for practicing standards of excellence in thought, speech, and behavior, and for matching what is on the inside to what is on the outside. What does the author try to express in the first paragraph?
| A．The coat looked like a magical coat. |
| B．They were good at shopping. |
| C．The coat was a real bargain（便宜货）. |
| D．They had the same taste in clothes. |
What does the underlined word "grin" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
| A．A wide smile. |
| B．A worried look. |
| C．A jealous （嫉妒的）spirit. |
| D．A joking tone. |
After John wore the new coat, the author found he __________.
a. was happier and better-behaved
b. received more praise from his teachers
c. was willing to follow suggestions
d. made rapid progress in study
e. would say sweet words to please her
| A．a, b，c |
| B．a, c，e |
| C．b, d，e |
| D．c, d，e |
What message does the author intend to deliver in the article?
| A．We should not judge people by their appearance. |
| B．Life is full of possibilities when we are young. |
| C．It's beneficial to try different things in our lives. |
| D．What we wear could help shape who we are inside. |
A cat is recovering in California after surviving a 6，500-mile journey across the Pacific stowed inside a Chinese shipping container without food or water. Staff and volunteers have named it"Ni Hao"，which is Chinese for "hello".
It was discovered breathing shallowly after a two-week trip across the Pacific Ocean. The cat was seriously suffering from loss of water and starvation when the container was opened in California last week, but was said to be doing well after being sent to the Car-son Animal Care Center in Los Angeles. At first it was too weak to stand, but finally took its first step. Then it ate a good meal and slept soundly. The cat woke up Thursday morning, physically in a better condition than 24 hours ago.
"Ni Hao greeted the medical team with its first meow this morning and is attempting to stand，" said Marcia Mayeda, head of the Los Angeles Department of Animal Care and Control. Aaron Reyes, director of the Department, added ： " We finally got to hear its voice. It sounds like a single-engine plane. "
Ni Hao is expected to be observed for 60 days but afterwards animal workers will look forward to providing it with a good shelter. "It's much better for it to recover in a home environment，" Mr Reyes said. "It's just like a human being in a hospital so we're ho-ping to move it. " He added ： " Little by little we're getting there. We're hoping that under the treatment and with rest, it'll be able to recover quickly. "
It was not immediately clear how the cat got into the container. The underlined word "stowed" in Paragraph 1 probably means "__________"
| A．packed |
| B．driven |
| C．raised |
| D．hidden |
The container to California started on its journey __________.
| A．60 days ago |
| B．one month ago |
| C．2 weeks ago |
| D．24 hours ago |
The cat is likely to be taken care of by __________ in the future.
| A．a medical team |
| B．animal workers |
| C．a caring family |
| D．an animal shelter |
Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be. Places of business that used to keep daytime" business hours" are now open late into the night. And on the Internet, the hour of the day and the day of the week have become irrelevant（不相关的）. A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. Today the boundaries still exist, but they seem not clear.
The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday; in most, it no longer does. It used to keep the schools open in all seasons except summer; in most, it still does. And whether the work week should strengthen its legal limits, or whether it should become more "flexible"，is often debated. How should we, as a society, organize our time? Should we go even further in relaxing the boundaries of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much like every other?
These are not easy questions even to ask. Part of the difficulty is that we rarely recognize the" law of time" even when we meet it face to face. We know as children that we have to attend school a certain number of hours, a certain number of days, a certain number of years-but unless we meet the truant officer（学监），we may well think that we should go to school due to social custom and parents' demand rather than to the law. As adults we are familiar with" extra pay for overtime working"，but less familiar with the fact that what constitutes（构成）"overtime" is a matter of legal definition. When we turn the clock forward to start daylight-saving time, have we ever thought to ourselves： Here is the law in action? As we shall see, there is a lot of law that has great influence on how we organize and use time： compulsory education law, overtime law, and daylight-saving law-as well as law about Sunday closing, holidays, being late to work, time zones, and so on. Once we begin to look for it, we will have no trouble finding a law of time to examine and assess. By saying" Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be"，the writer means that __________.
| A．work time is equal to rest time |
| B．many people have a day off on Monday |
| C．it is hard for people to decide when to rest |
| D．the line between work time and rest time is unclear |
The author raises the questions in Paragraph 2 to introduce the fact that people __________.
| A．fail to make full use of their time |
| B．enjoy working overtime for extra pay |
| C．are unaware of the law of time |
| D．welcome flexible working hours |
According to the passage, most children tend to believe that they go to school because they __________.
| A．need to acquire knowledge |
| B．have to obey their parents |
| C．need to find companions |
| D．have to observe the law |
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．Our life is governed by the law of time. |
| B．How to organize time is not worth debating. |
| C．New ways of using time change our society. |
| D．Our time schedule is decided by social customs. |
You know how wonderful you are, and you know that others know how wonderful you are, but what do you do when admiration crosses over the line into jealousy? For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship. When this happens it can seem like there is nothing that you can do, but the good news is that there is. Don't let jealousy spoil your relationships. Tackle it head-on and you might be back to normal much sooner than you think.
It can be hard to walk up to friends and ask them what the problem is, but if you want to save your friendship you'll have to do just that. Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you（unless of course you want to appear totally conceited）. Just take some time alone with them and let them know that you've been feeling like there's been something coming between you. If they refuse to respond, then use the opportunity to explain how you have been feeling. Chances are that something you say will strike a nerve and your friend will open up as well.
When you figure out what is annoying your friend, ask him or her what （s） he thinks would make the situation better. If, for example，（s） he says that （s） he feels like （s） he doesn't get to spend any time with you because of your being off with your new friends from the swimming team then maybe you could invite him or her along the next time or block off one day a week for just the two of you. Remember, though, that whatever solution you decide on should be a compromise. Don't limit your own talents or opportunities simply because your friend is unhappy. Try instead to include him or her in your new life and see how that works out.
Even the best friendships can be tinged by jealousy. This destructive emotion is rarely productive and can turn best friends into worst enemies. Before taking extreme action, chat with your jealous friend to see if the two of you can work out a compromise. If you can't, be prepared to know exactly how far you will go to keep your friend and how far you won't. According to the author, the jealousy emotion is __________.
| A．normal |
| B．productive |
| C．destructive |
| D．extreme |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to confront your friend when jealousy happens?
| A．Walking up to him/her and asking him/her why he/she is jealous of you. |
| B．Walking up to him/her and asking him/her what the problem is. |
| C．Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know how you feel. |
| D．Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know you think there's something between you. |
The purpose of the passage is __________.
| A．to explain what causes jealousy |
| B．to offer some advice on making friends |
| C．to introduce the way to cope with a jealous friend |
| D．to explain how destructive the jealousy emotion is |