Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart，was born in Kingfish，Oklahoma on March 29，1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father's store while attending school. This was his first retailing（零售业）experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduation, he began his own career as a retail merchant.
He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton～surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal -Mart stores sprang up across coral America. His management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today.
After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his "profit sharing plan"．The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store. Sam Walton believed that "individuals don't win, teams do". Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options（认股权）and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to achieve them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales. He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company growing complaints that the "superstore" was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing. By 1991,Wa1-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.Sam Walton first made a hit in retailing when he＿．
| A．worked in his father's store |
| B．created Walton's management style |
| C．specialized in name brands at low prices |
| D．opened his stores across rural America |
Walton’s management style emphasized＿very much.
| A．individual efforts | B．team spirit |
| C．employees' loyalty | D．fair distribution |
What is the purpose of Walton’s carrying out "profit sharing plan”？
| A．To encourage the employees to work hard and make joint efforts. |
| B．To make sure all the employees had their own shares. |
| C．To select excellent employees for his stores. |
| D．To make more profit for himself. |
Which of the statements is TRUE?
| A．In his old age, Walton gave all the management to his men |
| B．Walton wasn't one of the merchants who first achieved stock options. |
| C．The smaller and traditional stores were well affected by Walton's stores. |
| D．With Walton's management style, employees treated the stores as their own. |
阅读理解
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Emergency rooms (ER) are supposed to cure people but Dr. John Stemgold wonders if working in an ER in Willits made him sick. The ER was downwind of the Remco chrome plant. “I used to sit facing that window and kind of daydream out the window, looking at Remco, looking at the fog coming out of there. Then I would cough and cough.” Stemgold said.
What Dr.Stemgold didn’t know was that Remco was flowing out Chromium VI into the air--- a chemical known to cause cancer and breathing problems in humans. A recent state health department study found that people who were in Willits when Remco was in operation from 1964 to 1995 are at higher risk for cancer because of Chromium VI exposure.
Today Dr.Stemgold has lots of time to play his guitar. It turns out he has a form of breathing difficulty. Hospital chemicals cause coughing so violently that he’s broken bones and it’s cost him his career. Others in this town believe the Chromium has made them sick, too, and their families. Actually, Chromium VI was classified as a carcinogen , a cancer-causing substance, thirty years ago, Twenty years ago, a group of state scientific specialists found no exposure level below which carcinogen effects would not have some probability of occurring. Still, Remco was allowed to flow out Chromium VI into the air.
In the battle to balance public health and a healthy economy, laws often favor business, Alan Ramo is a professor of law at Golden Gate University. “There is a real drive to make money, to have employment. When there’s a real job that’s available and a theoretical risk of a chemical, jobs win out, business wins out.”
And chemicals are allowed to flood the marketplace and the government requires strict testing before any drugs can be sold. But the vast majority of industrial chemicals are put into use little testing of any kind Chemicals that people like us, you and me might be exposed to. Marilyn Underwood is with California state health department. “ You need to have the convincing evidence that something is bad to then start regulating it.” However, in most cases, chemicals are not tested until someone reports the abnormal, unnatural condition of the environment in general.
“I think that if people really knew what really goes on with environmental protection I think they would be shocked and they should be.” Says Professor Ramo. “It might be valuable for other people to know what has happened to me, not for me but for them.” He said “because they might be in a similar situation because of where they work.”What happened to the people who lived in Willits from 1964-1995?
| A．most of them were forced to move away. |
| B．They earn a lot of fortune from the factory or the profit it brought about. |
| C．employees from local area all got sick and lost their jobs at the plant. |
| D．They have a greater chance of having severe disease. |
What can we infer from the scientists’ finding twenty years ago?
| A．Chromium VI surroundings help surgeons have more casual life. |
| B．More skillful and capable doctors were needed. |
| C．There is no safe level of Chromium VI exposure. |
| D．A group of scientists were trying proper ways to solve the problems. |
When are new chemicals for industry tested?
| A．When they make smog-forming gases. |
| B．When some problem is noticed. |
| C．Ten years after they are first used. |
| D．When the plant faces collapse. |
One of the important issues in the story is______.
| A．The dangers of emergency rooms that create health problem downwind. |
| B．Doctors prescribing too many drugs. |
| C．The battle to balance public health and a healthy economy |
| D．Why scientists restricted chemical, like Chromium VI |
阅读理解
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
The vast majority of fitness trackers count your steps and are worn around the wrist, but now there’s a device that’s designed to be worn like a necklace and monitors tiny movements to improve your posture.
The Fineck device aims to address neck pain by tracking tiny movement, spotting bad habits and suggesting exercises via an accompanying app. Made from silicone(硅)and titanium(钛), Fineck monitors a wearer’s movement, balance, posture and movement thanks to sensors inside. The Mountain View California-based firm says that a high percentage of people suffer from neck pain and associated problems, probably caused by more individuals doing office jobs, which generally involve leaning over computer keyboard.
The device contains sensors, several different types of instruments to monitor movement, plus a monitor to shake. It connects to an IOS app via Bluetooth so that wearers can see their bad habits and play “neck training” games. The app warns of health risks and records a user’s activity to build up a customer personal health description. The necklace shakes to give smart advice, such as reminding wearers to sit up straight. The app also allows users to set goals, like many other wearables do. “Fineck is the first wearable device for your neck that tracks your neck activity and warn you when you are in a bad posture for too long. You can also exercise your neck with Fineck’s interactive games.” The company writes on Kickstarter. “No matter where you are and what you are doing at office, on the go, or simply just feeling bored, Fineck will bring you enriched exercise experience through motion sensing games and therapies.”
It also claims that it is “the world’s first titanium wearable device”. The metal is widely used in fashion stuff that you can wear or carry to match your clothes because it is lightweight, durable and does not tend to cause allergic(过敏的)reactions. It also offers additional features such as shaking to indicate alerts on a user’s smartphone, but it is not currently clear whether it can also be used like bands, to count steps, and so on.
The Fineck has a battery life of around seven days and takes one hour to charge. It is available to pre-order via Kickstarter from ＄69(￡44)and is due to ship in March next year.What helps the Fineck device to deal with neck pain?
| A．An accompanying app. | B．A necklace |
| C．Computer keyboard. | D．A remote control |
Besides allowing people to set goals, the iOS app also_____.
| A．improves your posture and suggests exercises |
| B．exercise your neck and does office jobs |
| C．alerts you to health risk and records your activity |
| D．counts your steps and addresses neck pain |
Which of the following statements is true?
| A．The Fineck takes an hour to charge and is available at any time. |
| B．Movie stars like to wear necklace made of silicone to match their clothes. |
| C．The device count the steps to help wearers to see their bad habits. |
| D．Neck-ache is something caused by using computers too much. |
We can infer from the passage that the Fineck device will_____.
| A．actually not cause allergic reactions. |
| B．enrich your life by providing “neck training” games |
| C．monitor a wearer’s movement due to the material it is made of |
| D．help to correct your improper postures |
阅读理解
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Previously, I heard a story about a mother who had two daughters. She loved them very much, but two girls would fight with each other from their earliest years. As they grew older, they became total strangers. They had no contact with each other when they were adults.
This caused the mother great pain. Then, later, she had an idea. She decided to write a letter to them. In this letter, she told them how much she loved them, and how she wanted them to love each other in this way. She also gave them news of herself, and some guidance on how they might live happier lives.
When the letter was ready, she wrote out one copy for each daughter, but these copies were special. Each copy contained only every second sentence of the original letter. The copy for one daughter had only the even(偶数的) sentences, and the other daughter’s copy contained only the odd sentences. Neither copy made sense on its own. Neither contained the fullness of the mother’s message.
When the two daughters received their letters, they were puzzled. If they really wanted to know what the letters said, they would have to put the two letters together, and read them as one. That meant they must approach one another again in mutual(彼此的) love and respect.
For a long time, the mother waited in vain. Both daughters tried to understand the half-letter, but they each blamed the other for not helping them. Each daughter thought she knew her mother better.
Then one day, when the mother had almost given up hope, there was a knock at the door. There they stood, together. “We’ve come home,” they said at the same time. “We’ve finally put our letters together, and we’ve come to say how much we love you, Mum.” Then she hugged them both, tears of joy streaming down her cheeks, and welcomed them back home. Why did the mother give her daughters incomplete letters?
| A．She wanted to tell them her good news and bad news. |
| B．She hoped they would ask her for more information. |
| C．She hoped they would approach each other and make up. |
| D．She thought she could change their attitude towards her. |
It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
| A．love can neither be bought nor sold |
| B．faults are thick when love is thin |
| C．without respect, love can’t go far |
| D．love can help enemies become friends |
What is the best title for this passage?
| A．An Unusual Letter |
| B．A Mother’s Endless Love |
| C．Special Daughters |
| D．Deep Love from Daughters |
阅读理解
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Metrorall (地铁)
Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel Free with a paying customer.
Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.
Get one ticket of unlimited Metrorall rides with a One Day Pass .Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations .Use it after 9:30 a,m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays .
Hours of service
Open: 5am Mon-Fri7 a.m Sat-Sun
Close: midnight Sun-Thur. 3 a.m Fri-Sat. nights
Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted in stations.
Metrobus
When paying with exact charge, the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTripⓇcard, the fare is 1.25.
Fares for senior/disabled customers
Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or Smar/TripⓇcard. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecard, SmarTripⓇcards and passes, please visit MetroOpensDoors .com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.
Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorall services by calling 202-962-1100.
Travel tips (提示)
Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4and 6p.m.
If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost &Found at 202-962-1195.At what time does Metroarll stop service on Saturday ?
| A．At midnight. | B．At 3 a.m. |
| C．At 5 a.m. | D．At 7a.m. |
What is good about a SmarTripⓇcard ?
A. It is convenient for old people.
B. It saves money for its users
C It can be bought at any train
D. It is sold on the InternetWhich number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?
| A．202-962-1195 | B．202-962-1100 |
| C．202-637-7000 | D．202-637-8000 |
What should you know about farecard machines?
| A．They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m. |
| B．They are connected(连接) to change machines. |
| C．They offer(提供) special service to the elderly(老人). |
| D．They make change for no more than(仅仅) $5. |
阅读理解
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Scottish pupils recently were part of a new scheme that allowed them to take their exams online. Those examinations provided a glimpse of the future in May when 120 candidates in 10 centers in Scotland sat in front of computers to take a multiple-choice online exam. Although candidates were using a computer mouse instead of a pen, in all other ways the exam was the same as normal.
Exam rooms were set out to ensure that only the candidates and the teachers were able to see the individual screens. The online answers were sent directly to a safe area. According to the students at St Ninian’s in East Renfrewshire who took an online French exam, it was definitely the most motivated they had ever felt when taking an exam.
“I could go as fast as I wanted to, rather than as slow as everyone else wanted to,” said one. “It was better than looking back and forth between the questions,” said another. One pupil even described it as fun.
Their head teacher, Dorothy Graham, was not so surprised, “They are so used to doing things on computers that it seems natural for them. The boys liked it because they didn’t have to worry about how neat their work was.” The only things that worried her were power cuts and systems’ crashing.
It’s thought that online exams could be the norm (常态) in about five years. However, last year there were warnings about computerizing exams in England and Wales. It’s thought that it could be unfair to some students if they come from homes without access to a computer. In the first paragraph the underlined word “candidates” probably means _________.
| A．teachers who are supposed to prepare the test |
| B．people who grade the students’ papers |
| C．teachers who oversee the students in the exam rooms |
| D．pupils who take the online exam |
Pupils who take this kind of exam _________.
| A．do not need to write the answers down |
| B．must write the answers clearly with a mouse |
| C．have to answer the questions very quickly |
| D．can answer the questions for as long as they like |
Why do people think it is unfair to some students without computers at home?
| A．Because they are not able to take the exam at home. |
| B．Because they can’t be allowed to take the exams if they don’t have computers at home. |
| C．Because they can’t operate computers as well as those who have computers at home. |
| D．Because they are worried about how neat their work is. |
According to the head teacher, pupils won’t be able to take the exam if _________.
| A．they don’t have a computer at home |
| B．the computer system breaks down |
| C．the teacher sees individual screen |
| D．they take pens into the exam rooms |
We can learn from the passage that it is mainly about ________.
| A．computers in modern schools |
| B．taking exams online |
| C．testing computers in classroom |
| D．taking a multiple-choice exam |