SafetyandSecurityProceduresYou-优题课

(C)
YOUR mom might cook a bowl of noodles for you on your birthday. But in the US, a mom makes a cupcake for her children on their birthday.
Cupcakes are small, round cakes topped with frosting (糖霜). It has been an American tradition that moms bring cupcakes to the classroom to celebrate their child’s birthday.
But recently some doctors have called for this to be banned. They believe cupcakes contribute to child obesity.
Despite their good intentions, however, some people believe that experts are interfering (妨碍) with American culture. The cupcake is seen as American as apple pie — only prettier.
According to Marion Nestle, a professor of nutrition at New York University, the cupcake is the most democratic (民主的) of desserts. As they are small enough for one person, you don’t have to share your cupcake with anyone — it’s all yours. They are also all the same size, so there can’t be any cries of “she got the bigger piece!”
Each bite can taste different depending on how much icing you have. It is a lesson in self-determination. Some people eat only a little of the frosting every time, others have it all in just one bite.
In recent years, eating a cupcake has become as trendy as having a cup of Starbucks coffee.
Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton jokingly promised on a talk show that if she was elected president, she would give everyone a cupcake on her birthday.
Ruth Reichl, editor-in-chief of Gourmet magazine, explains that the rise of the cupcake is very much about going back to American national identity in food, which is all about comfort. “People want to think about when they and their country were innocent,” she said.
51. According to the passage, it has been an American tradition that ___________.

A. a party for children on their birthday

B. A mom cooks a bowl of noodles for her children on their birthday

C. A mom makes a cupcake for her children on their birthday and brings it to the classroom

D. parents go travelling with their children on their birthday

52. Why do doctors ask people to ban cupcakes on children’s birthday?

A. Because they themselves don’t like cupcakes.

B. Because they think cupcakes are not so delicious.

C. Because they believe cupcakes will cause cries of “She got the bigger piece”.

D. Because they believe cupcakes are one of the causes to make children become fat.

53. Which of the following is Not true according to Marion Nestle?

A. The cupcake is more democratic than any other deserts in the US.

B. The cupcake is too small to share with others.

C. The sizes of cupcakes are the same so it’s equal to everyone.

D. Cupcakes will lead to child obesity so they should be banned.

54. The underlined word “trendy” in paragraph 7 probably means ________.

A. popular

B. gentle

C. delicious

D. different

55. Why did the writer mention Hillary Clinton and Ruth Reichl?

A. To arouse the readers’ attention.

B. To show that cupcakes are becoming a popular to show kindness and comfort.

C. To make a comparison between them.

D. To give readers a general idea of cupcakes.

(B)
British author JK Rowling was at the release of her latest Harry Potter book called “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows” at the Natural History Museum in London, Friday July 20, 2007.
J.K.RowlinghasbeenspottedatcafesinScotlandworkingonadetectivenovel,aBritishnewspaperreportedSaturday.
TheSundayTimesnewspaperquotedIanRankin,afellowauthorandneighborofRowling's,assayingthecreatorofthe"HarryPotter"booksisturningtocrimefiction.
"MywifespottedherwritingherEdinburghcriminaldetectivenovel,"thenewspaperquotedRankinastellingareporteratanEdinburghliteraryfestival.
"ItisgreatthatshehasnotabandonedwritingorEdinburghcafes,"saidRankin,whois knownforhisownpolicenovelssetinthehistoricScottishcity.
RowlingfamouslywroteinitialdraftsofthePotterstoryintheScottishcity'scafes.Backthen,shewasastrugglingsinglemotherwhowroteincafestosaveontheheatingbillathome.
Nowshe'sBritain'srichestwoman-worth$1billion,accordingtoForbesmagazine-andhersevenPotterbookshavesoldmorethan335millioncopiesworldwide.
InaninterviewwithTheAssociatedPresslastmonth,RowlingsaidshebelievedshewasunlikelytorepeatthesuccessofthePotterseries,butconfirmedshehadplanstoworkonnewbooks.
"I'lldoexactlywhatIdidwithHarry-I'llwritewhatIreallywanttowrite,"Rowlingsaid.
46 What is JK Rowling famous for?

A. detective novels

B. crime fiction

C. Harry Potter books

D. love stories

47 Which of the following is Not rue about Ian Rankin?

A. He is a writer famous for police novels.

B. Most of the stories in his novels happened in the historic Scottish city.

C. It was Rankin himself who witnessed JK Rowing writing her Edinburgh criminal detective novels.

D. He told the British newspaper The Sunday Times about JK Rowling’s novels.

48 Why did Rowling like to write the “Harry Potter stories” in the cafes?

A. Because she was a romantic woman and the atmosphere in the cafes gave her lots of inspiration.

B. Because she was a single mother at that time and she wanted to find a husband there.

C. Because her children were so naughty at home and she had to go to a quiet place for her writing.

D. Because she thought that writing in a cafes could help her save some money.

49 What can we learn from the passage?

A. The seven Harry Potter series made JK Rowling a success.

B. JK Rowling had made enough money so she decided to stop writing.

C. Rowling planned to write new books because Harry Potter was not exactly what she wanted.

D. Ian Rankin and his wife earned money by telling reporters news about JK Rowling.

50 What is the best title for the passage?

A. Harry Potter and JK Rowing	B. Ian Rankin, A Neighbour of JK Rowling
C. A Successful Woman JK Rowling	D. JK Rowling writing Detective Novels

Ⅲ. 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(A)
We're all connected. You can send an e-mail message to a friend, and your friend can pass it on to one of his or her friends, and that friend can do the same, continuing the chain. Eventually, your message could reach just about anyone in the world, and it might take only five to seven e-mails for the message to get there.
Scientists recently tested that idea in a study involving 24,000 people. Participants had to try to get a message forwarded to one of 18 randomly chosen people. Each participant started by sending one e-mail to someone they knew. Recipients could then forward the e-mail once to someone they knew, and so on.
Targets, who were randomly assigned by researchers from Columbia University in New York, lived in 13 countries. They included an Australian police officer, a Norwegian veterinarian, and a college professor.
Out of 24,000 chains, only 384 reached their goal. The rest petered out, usually because one of the recipients was either too busy to forward the message or thought it was junk mail.
The links that reached their goal made it in an average of 4.05 e-mails. Based on the lengths of the failed chains, the researchers estimated that two strangers could generally make contact in five to seven e-mails.
The most successful chains relied on casual acquaintances rather than close friends. That's because your close friends know each other whereas your acquaintances tend to know people you don't know. The phenomenon, known as the strength of weak ties, explains why people tend to get jobs through people they know casually but aren't that close to.
So, start networking and instant messaging now. As they say in show business: It's all about who you know.
41. If you want to get into touch with a stranger in the world, how many e-mails might it take for the message to reach him/her?

A. 5 to 7

B. 18

C. 13

D. 384

42. Which of the following is Not true about the test?

A. 24,000 people took part in the study and sent e-mails to people they knew.

B. The 18 targets were chosen by chance.

C. About 98.4% of the mails didn’t reach their goal because some people were too busy or they mistook the message for junk mail.

D. The targets come from 13 countries, such as Australia, Norway and New York.

43. What does the word “estimate” mean in the passage?

A. make sure

B. suppose

C. think over

D. imagine

44. Why do people tend to get jobs more easily through casual acquaintances than close friends?

A. Because close friends don’t talk with each other so much.

B. Because casual acquaintances can help you know more people and make more friends.

C. Because close friends don’t spend so much time gathering together.

D. Because casual acquaintances are kinder and more willing to help others.

45. In which part of a newspaper will readers read this passage?

A. Culture

B. Entertainment

C. Information and Technology

D. Health

On April 24^th, another natural disaster—the oil spill(泄露) in the Gulf of Mexico, happened. Millions of dollars have been used to help stop the spill and to clean up the animals, beaches, and land spoiled by the oil．Unfortunately, when many of these chemicals are used, more damage is caused to the environment, especially to lives in the sea．
But governments seem to accept the risk of transporting millions of tons of oil by ship every day so that we can fill up our cars and drive around and cause even more environmental damage．Interestingly, the biggest companies in the world produce cars, and the next biggest supply the gasoline to make them run.
Of all of today’s environmental disasters, an oil spill may actually be one of the least serious．Although oil is poisonous, it is a natural material．In the end, it breaks down naturally．In 1967 the tanker Torrey Canyon sank off the Scilly Isles near the coast of England and spilled 120,000 tones of oil into the ocean．If you go there today, you will find it hard to see any sign that it ever happened．
However, we should be thinking more about reducing our dependency on oil．Governments should be encouraging research into new technologies, such as cars run by solar power（太阳能）, electricity, hydrogen, and so on．Much of this research, in the past, was stopped by the oil, gas, and coal．
If the world’s millions of cars were 10% more efficient（高效的）,we would need many fewer tankers crossing the oceans each year．If this happened, the risks of oil spills would be reduced, and the air we breathe would be cleaner and fresher, too．
What is the passage mainly talking about?

A．Oil spills pollution．	B．What oil pollution is．
C．Oil tanker accidents.	D．How to reduce oil pollution.

How does the author support the idea that oil spills are not as serious as people believe?

A．By giving a description．	B．By making an argument．
C．By giving an example．	D．By drawing a diagram(图表)．

What does the underlined word "risk" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Transportation depending more on oil．

B．Poisonous oil breaking down naturally．

C．Millions of tons of oil spilling into the sea．

D．More environmental damage being caused．

Which suggestion is made for reducing oil tank accidents according to the passage?

A．We should build safer tankers in the near future．

B．We should develop new technologies to cut oil use．

C．Tankers should not be allowed to sail near the coastlines．

D．Countries should build more oil pipelines under the sea．

Where can you read this article?

A．In a story book．

B．In a science magazine．

C．In a novel.

D．In a brochure．

In the modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity (繁荣). Others say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another, that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is really forgotten.
However, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often notice that they have a desire to fail. They seem to choose failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” They don’t believe that if they had really tried and lost, such a loss would prove their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison(比较) with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
What does this passage mainly talk about?

A．Competition helps set up self-respect.

B．Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

D．Opinions about competition are different among people.

Why do some people value competition according to the passage?

A．It builds up a sense of duty.	B．It pushes society forward.
C．It improves personal abilities.	D．It encourages individual effects.

The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 refers to_______.

A．those who try their best to win

B．those who value competition most highly

C．those who are against competition most strongly

D．those who rely on others most for success

What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”?

A．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.

B．One’s success in competition needs great efforts.

C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.

D．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others’.

Which point of view may the author agree to?

A．Every effort should be paid back.

B．Competition should be encouraged.

C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter.

D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

A．a hotel manager	B．a police officer
C．an experienced traveler	D．a tour guide