Drinking alcohol is a socially acceptable behavior in many parts of the world. Some medical experts say light drinking may even be good for your health, especially for the heart. But they say such health benefits should be compared to the many health risks connected with alcohol use.
Some research suggests that having one to two drinks of alcohol a day may offer some health benefits. Several large studies have shown that this type of moderate(适量的) drinking may lower the risk of heart disease and other diseases.
A study last year suggested that drinking small amounts of red wine may help lower the risk of breast cancer in women. Researchers at Medical Center in California studied 36 women. Each woman drank a glass of red or white wine every day for almost a month. Researchers collected blood samples from the women two times a month to measure their hormone(激素) levels. The next month the women who drank red wine were told to drink white wine instead. The white wine drinkers were told to drink red wine. The researchers found that the women who drank red wine had lower levels of the female hormone than the white wine drinkers. They said red grapes have chemicals that may help to lower the risk of breast cancer.
However, recent studies suggested that even small amounts of alcohol may generally increase the risk of breast cancer in women. They found that women who drink four small glasses of wine a week increase their risk of breast cancer by 15 percent.
Many studies have examined the harmful effects of alcohol use on the body. Alicia Ann Kowalchuk serves as medical director, saying “Healthy use for adults --- that's men under age 65 --- is no more than 4 drinks in a day and no more than 14 drinks in a week. And for women of all ages, it's no more than 7 drinks in a week and no more than 2 drinks in a day.” She says too much alcohol use has been linked to liver diseases, and many other cancers.How did the researchers carry out their study?
| A．By following an example. |
| B．By listing facts. |
| C．By collecting information worldwide. |
| D．By comparing tested objects. |
Which of the following is the most beneficial to women with breast cancer?
| A．A glass of white wine per day. |
| B．A glass of red wine per day. |
| C．Small amounts of alcohol per day. |
| D．Four small glasses of wine per day. |
Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
What is the best title of this passage?
| A．Drinking alcohol is popular in many parts of the world |
| B．Alcohol drinking can be both good and bad for you |
| C．Drinking alcohol a day may give your health some benefits. |
| D．Alcohol drinking may do harm to your health |
Two things changed my life：my mother and a white plastic bike basket．I have thought long and hard about it and it's true．I would be a different person if my mom hadn't turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today．
My mother and father were united in their way of raising children，but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out．Looking back，I honestly don't know how she did it．Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task．，but she made it look effortless．If we complained about not having what another kid did，we'd hear something like，"I don't care what so﹣and﹣so got for his birthday，you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16party．"We had to earn our allowance（零用钱） by doing chores around the house．I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table．My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house．Like the two little girls growing up at the White House，we made our own beds （no one left the house unitil that was done）and picked up after ourselves．We had to keep track of our belongings，and if something was lost，it was not replaced．
It was summer and，one day，my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed﹣﹣﹣and there it was in the window，White，shiny，plastic and decorated with flowers，the basket winked at me and I knew﹣﹣﹣﹣I knew﹣﹣﹣I had to have it．
"It's beautiful，"my mother said when I pointed it out to her，"What a neat basket．"
I tried to hold off at first，I played it cool for a short while．But then Iguess I couldn't atand it any longer："Mon，please can I please，please get it？I'll do extra chores for as long as you say，I'll do anything，but I need that basket，I love that basket．Please，Mom．Please？"
I was desperate．
"You know，"she said，gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever，"If you save up you could buy this yourself．"
"By the time I make enough it'll bu gone!"
"Maybe Roger here could hold it for you，"she smiled at Roger，the bike guy．
"He can't hold it for that long，Mom．Someone else will buy it．Please，Mom，Please？"
"There might be another way，"she said．
And so our paying plan unfolded．My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I could't find．Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there （washing the car，helping my mother make dinner，delivering or collevting things on my bike that already looked nakedwithout the basket in front）．And then，weeks later，I counted，re﹣counted and jumped for joy．Oh，happy day!I made it!I finally had the exact amount we'd agreed upon…．
Days later the unthinkable happened．A neighborhood girl I'd played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixted to her shiny，new bike that already had all the bells and whistles．I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster．This horrible turn of events．
And then came the lesson．I've taken with me through my life："Honey，Your basket is extra﹣special，"Mom said，gently wiping away my hot tears．"Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself．"
55．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？
| A． |
The children enjoyed doing housework． |
| B． |
The author came from s well﹣off family |
| C． |
The mother raised her children in an unusual way |
| D． |
The children were fond of the US president's daughters． |
56．When the author saw the basket in the window，she ．
| A． |
fell in love with it |
| B． |
stared at her mother |
| C． |
recognized it at once |
| D． |
went up to the bike guy |
57．Why did the author say many"please"to her mother？
| A． |
She longed to do extra work． |
| B． |
She was eager to have the basket． |
| C． |
She felt tired after standing too long． |
| D． |
She wanted to be polite to her mother． |
58．By using"naked"（Paragraph 12），the author seems to stress that the basket was
| A． |
something she could afford |
| B． |
something important to her |
| C． |
something impossible to get |
| D． |
something she could do without |
59．To the author，it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that
| A． |
something spoiled her paying plan |
| B． |
the basket cost more than she had saved |
| C． |
a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike |
| D． |
someone else had got a basket of the same kind |
60．What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother？
| A． |
Save money for a rainy day |
| B． |
Good advice is beyond all price． |
| C． |
Earn your bread with your sweat |
| D． |
God helps those who help themselves． |
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six﹣old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common．After all，the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world，and the baby is，well，just playing…right？Perhaps，but some developmental psychologists （心理学家）have argued that this"play"is more like a scientific investigation than one might think．
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table．Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge，it falls in the ground﹣﹣﹣and，in the process，it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact（相互作用）； bowls of rice do not float in mid﹣are，but require support to remain stable．It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe；nor are they ever clearly taught it．Instead，babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact．Though their ranges and tools differ，the baby's investigation and the scientist's experiment appear to share the same aim（to learn about the natural world ），overall approach （gathering direct evidence from the world），and logic （are my observations what I expected？）．
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way﹣﹣﹣that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means．For example，it may only be through repeated experiments，evidence gathering，and finally overturning a theory，that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has，for example，unlike the child，Mommy actually doesn't like Dove chocolate．
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists．Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike？Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort﹣﹣﹣the desire to explore，explain，and understand our world﹣﹣﹣is simply something that comes from our babyhood．Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds，and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children．The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists．As some psychologists put it，"It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children．"
50．According to some developmental psychologists，
| A． |
a baby's play is nothing more than a game． |
| B． |
scientific research into babies； games is possible |
| C． |
the nature of babies'play has been thoroughly investigated |
| D． |
a baby's play is somehow similar to a scientist's experiment |
51．We learn from Paragraph 2 that
| A． |
scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently |
| B． |
scientists and babies often interact with each other |
| C． |
babies are born with the knowledge of object support |
| D． |
babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do |
52．Children may learn the rules of language by
| A． |
exploring the physical world |
| B． |
investigating human psychology |
| C． |
repeating their own experiments |
| D． |
observing their parents'behaviors |
53．What is the main idea of the last paragraph？
| A． |
The world may be more clearly explained through children's play． |
| B． |
Studying babies'play may lead to a better understanding of science． |
| C． |
Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists． |
| D． |
One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows． |
54．What is the author's tone when he discusses the connection between scientists'research and babies'play？
| A． |
Convincing． |
B． |
Confused． |
| C． |
Confident． |
D． |
Cautious． |
46．Suppose you are doing research on children's relationship skills，you may want to read ．
| A． |
Circle Time for Young Children |
| B． |
Children with School Problems：A Phsysician's Manual |
| C． |
Education and Disaddvantaged Children and Young People |
| D． |
Build It，Make It，Do It，Play It!Guides for Children and Teens |
47．Which book would you recommend to someone interested in children's mental imanges？
| A． |
Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood． |
| B． |
Songs in Their Heads：Music and Its Meaning in children's Lives． |
| C． |
Big Ideas for Little Kids：Teaching Philosophy Through children's Literature． |
| D． |
Young Children as Artists：Art and Design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1． |
48．How many books published in 2015 are found in this search？
| A． |
9． |
B． |
90． |
| C． |
118． |
D． |
290． |
49．Children with School Problems：A Phsysician's Manual is most likely intended for ．
| A． |
educators |
B． |
librarians |
| C． |
doctors |
D． |
artists． |
"Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday？"Lindsey whipers to Tori．
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，"You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．"
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happens to be yours truly，Adam Freedmam，I can tell you that what they are saying is （a） not nice and （b） not even true．Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton Higt School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip（闲话）．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group．
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic﹣breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out﹣that a person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．
If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor（传言）can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the"in group．"In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority（优越感）．
Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook．
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your"juicy story"might have．
41．The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passahe to ．
| A． |
introduce a topic |
| B． |
present an argument |
| C． |
describe the characters |
| D． |
clarify his writing purpose |
42．An important negative effects of gossip is that it ．
| A． |
breaks up relationships |
| B． |
embarrasses the listener |
| C． |
spreads information around |
| D． |
causes unpleasant experiences |
43．In the author's opinion，many people like to gossip because it ．
| A． |
gives them a feeling of pleasure |
| B． |
helps them to make more friends |
| C． |
makes them better at telling stories |
| D． |
enables them to meet important people |
44．Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ．
| A． |
provide students with written rules |
| B． |
help people watch their own behaviors |
| C． |
force school to impove student handbooks |
| D． |
attract the police's attention to group behaviors |
45．What advice does the author give in the passage？
| A． |
Never become a gossiper |
| B． |
Stay away from gossipers |
| C． |
Don't let gossip turn into lies |
| D． |
Think twice before you gossip． |
Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion（拥堵） at some of the country's busiest stations．
In the first move of its kind，all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量） at the height of the rush hour．
A six﹣month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid﹣April，eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left．The move，imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong，is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times．it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years．
According to London Underground，only 40percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators，leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the"standing"side．
A three﹣week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third．Peter McNaught，operations director at London Underground，said："It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still，but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true．This new six﹣month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term．"
Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4high．Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up﹣meaning only one side was used at all times．Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5to ban walking．
The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2，500people between 8：30am and 9：30am on a typical day，rising to 3，250during the researching period．
In the new trial，which will be launched from April 18，one of three"up"escalators will be standing only，with a second banning walking at peak times．A third will remain a mix of walking and standing．
（Note：Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）
78．What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left？
79．What did last year's three﹣week trial at Holborn station prove？
80．The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least in height．
81．In the new trail，in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours，the other"up"escalators will be used for ．