Public speaking is a common cause of stress for everyone. The idea of standing in front of a large group with all eyes on you can make you feel fearful in almost all kinds of situation, for example giving a presentation in class, proposing a toast at dinner or making a work-related presentation. It seems to be a fear that’s impossible to overcome. If you have ever experienced this, you know while the anxiety may develop at the actual event, it is a feeling that begins much earlier than the actual day. There are many ways you can work on your confidence and prepare yourself for a public speaking event.
A consultant specializing (专门研究) in presentation skills can help you to overcome your sense of panic. Working with a consultant does not indicate that you have a major problem; it is only an approach to receiving guidance on relaxation strategies, such as deep breathing, which can help you deal with public speaking problems with ease.
Consultants can also help you work on your confidence. Confidence is extremely important in public speaking as it lets a speaker sound more convincing. Even well-established public speakers practice techniques such as meditation (沉思冥想) to calm themselves before a public appearance.
It’s well worth the time and effort to overcome the fear of public speaking, particularly if talks and presentations are part of your work description. Keep in mind that many of those around you are also struggling with this fear of public speaking. It will help you to become an able speaker if you can prepare beforehand. For example, you can put in time on planning your presentation in detail and practicing it many times in secret. As you get more and more familiar with your material, you’ll be able to fine-tune (微调) the details of your presentation and this will make you a confident speaker. Your speech will become excellent in terms of style and content.
Remember that the more you get into this pattern of feeling good about yourself, the stronger you will feel about approaching events when you have to make a speech. You can also work on physical details such as adjusting your tone (音调) before the presentation by doing some warm-up exercises.
In a word, believing in yourself and presenting yourself well can help you deeply impress your audience. And after a few speeches you’ll notice yourself overcoming the sense of panic that you now feel in public speaking situations.
| Title |
About the fear of public speaking |
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| Introduction |
* When speaking in public, you will feel * This feeling usually begins |
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| Ways |
Turn to a consultant. |
* A consultant can guide you and help you ( * A consultant can also help you build confidence which can make your public speaking |
| Make |
* Make a detailed * Spend time * Pay attention to your tone. |
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| A combination of great confidence and a good |
The Antarctic is actually a desert. It’s the only continent on the earth without a river or lake.
The Antarctic is all ice all year round. The warmest temperature ever recorded there is zero, at the South Pole. Explorers used to think that a place so cold would have a heavy snowfall. But less than ten inches of snow falls each year. That is less than half an inch of water. The times that much water falls in parts of the Sahara.
The little snow that falls never melts. It continues to pile up deeper and deeper year after year and century after century. When the snow gets to be about 80 feet deep it is turned to ice by the weight of the snow above it.
1. Antarctic is called a desert because it _______.
A. is sandy B. is cold C. has little water D. is high
2. The snow there is very deep because it _______.
A. never stop falling B. piles up year after year
C. never melts D. falls often
3. The best title for the passage is ______.
A. Waterfall at the South Pole B. The Antarctic ------An Ice Desert
C. Snowfall at the South Pole D. The world’s Great Desert
IN THE BEDROOM
Don’t smoke in bed ------it causes 1000 fires a year, many with fatal (致命的)results.
Don’t overload your electrical points: the right way is “one appliance（电器）, one socket”（插座）.
Don’t use an electric underblanket over you or an overblanket under you. An underblanket , unless of the low- voltage type, MUST be switched off before you get into bed.
Never let furniture or clothing get close to a lighted fire. Make sure that there is a suitable guard for the room heater.
Keep aerosol-type containers （喷雾器）away from heat and NEVER burn or puncture（刺穿）them.
Don’t dim a table lamp by covering it: buy a low-wattage bulb（灯泡）.
Pajamas （睡衣）and nightdresses, especially for children and elderly people, should be made from flame- resistant material.
IF CUT OFF BY FIRE
Close the door of the room and any fanlight or other opening and block up any cracks （缝隙）with bedding, etc.
Go to the window and try to attract attention.
If the room fills with smoke, lean out of the window unless prevented by smoke and flame coming from a room below or nearby. If you cannot lean out of the window, lie close to the floor where the air is clearer until you hear the fire brigade（队）.
If you have to escape before the fire brigade arrives, make a rope by knotting together sheets or similar materials and tie it to a bed or another heavy piece of furniture.
If you cannot make a rope and the situation becomes intolerable（难耐的），drop cushions or bedding from the window to break your fall, get through the window feet first, lower yourself to the full extent of your arms and drop.
If possible drop from a position above soft earth. If above the first floor, drop only as a last resort.
1. According to the instructions, fires in the bedroom can be caused by ________.
A. one appliance, one socket
B. smoking in bed
C. underblankets, of the low- voltage type
D. all of the above-mentioned points
2. In the bedroom, you are told _______.
A. not to use an electric underblanket or an electric overblanket.
B. to use an underblanket of the low-voltage type
C. to switch off an underblanket of the low- voltage type
D. not to use an electric underblanket over you
3. You should keep furniture or clothes away from a lighted fire because ________.
A. the fire is too low
B. furniture or clothes block light
C. there is no guard in the room
D. furniture or clothes catch fire easily
4. If you are cut off by fire, you should first ______.
A. try to stop smoke from coming into the room
B. lie down and wait for the fire brigade
C. escape by jumping immediately out of the window
D. close the window and call for help
On October 12, 1989, some Chinese scientists were working at the computers to look for information they needed. Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright spots crossing the computers’ screens. At the same time, the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror, they found out that most of their stored information was got rid of by computer viruses! Obviously all these computers had been infected （传染）by computer viruses.
It is said that the computer viruses were made by a group of young men fond of playing tricks. They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show their intelligence. These kinds of computer viruses are named Jerusalem Viruses. These viruses can stay in computers for a long time. When the time comes they will attack the computers by lowering the function, damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information.
We now come to know that Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers on Fridays and that they are spreading to a lot of computers. Among the countries that suffered computer viruses last year are Britain, Australia Switzerland and the US. But till now, how to get rid of the terrible viruses remains a problem.
1.The group of young men created the viruses to _______.
A. damage the computers
B. test their ability
C. tell the world that they were intelligent
D. play a trick on operators of the computers
2.According to the passage, computer viruses seem to ______.
A. have been in nature for years B. exist in any computer
C. be difficult to get rid of at present D. be able to be got rid of in the near future
3.the most serious damage caused by the viruses is that _______.
A. the computer’s functions are lowered
B. the normal programs are damaged
C. all the information stored in the computers is gone
D. the computers infected by the viruses can no longer be used
4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. last year four countries found their computers were infected by viruses
B. the viruses will come to a new computer after staying in the old one for some time
C. scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses
D. the Jerusalem Viruses are a great harm to human health
Fire fighting is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save people’s lives. It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone else in the family, such as stairways and emergency exits, but not elevators（电梯）.
From the lower floors of buildings, escape through windows is possible. Learn the best way to get out from a window with the least chance of serious injury.
The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. An average person, hanging by the fingertips will have a drop of about 6 feet to the ground. It is about the height of an average man. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way down than to stay in a burning building.
Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed before opening the window. Otherwise, smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked into the room.
On the second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those which open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto cement might end in injury. Bushes and trees can help you to have a soft landing.
1. Which of the following should not be used when trying to escape from a fire?
A. windows B. elevators C. fire exits D. stairways
2. How far from the ground is the second floor window?
A. about 12 feet B. about 6 feet
C. about the height of an average manD. nearly 10 feet
3. According to the passage, windows are _______ of escaping a fire.
A. the only way B. the best way
C. safer than any other ways D. one of the possible ways
4. The writer suggests that ________.
A. breathing in smoke might be harmful
B. smoke will enter the room through an open window
C. fresh air can’t reach the second floor window
D. to keep you head low will help to escape a fire
5. If you are on the second or third floor when a fire breaks out, you’d better ______.
A. drop directly onto the ground
B. first drop onto a roof then onto the cement
C. drop from a roof window then onto bushes or trees
D. drop onto the cement rather than bushes and grass
Ⅳ阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分）阅读下面短文，从所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
We shall not drown（淹死）if we remember these rules:
1, Never swim alone.
2, Never swim at a beach if there is no lifeguard（救生员）.
3, Never swim after a meal or when you feel hungry or tired.
4, Never depend on rings, floats（漂浮物）or other swimming aids（助游具）. You may lose them or they may let you sink（下沉）.
5, Don’t stay in the water too long , especially if it is cold.
6, Before you dive, be sure the water is deep enough and you will not hit anybody.
7, Never go out in a boat if you can not swim or if you are not wearing a life jacket.
If you get into difficulty, this is what you should do :
1, Keep calm（镇定）. Save you strength and your breath.
2, Try to float on your back or tread（踩水）water. To tread water, move your feet as if you are climbing some stairs.
3, Raise your right arm for help.
Remember : a red flag means that it is dangerous for all swimmers to enter the water. A blue flag means that it is dangerous for children and weak swimmers to enter the water.
1. When you see a red flag, you know that ______ swim there.
A. no one should B. anyone may
C. only strong swimming shouldD. children should not
2. We can go swimming ________.
A. after a meal B. if we have a ring
C. when the water is dirty D. when we are not alone
3. We should dive only when _______.
A. the water is deep enough B. the water is cold
C. the water is warm D. we are not alone
4. What the writer wants to say is that ______.
A. rings and floats are of no use B. boats are not safe
C. we must be very careful in swimming D. swimming is bad for your health