Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children ____ criminal behavior before they were not sufficiently ____ for previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents. All ____, however, are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. This results in dissatisfaction among youths and may in ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also experienced ____ these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other noticeable ____ of offensive acts include unfavorable experience or failure in school, the ____ availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the ____ of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established.
A．refer to B．know about C．engage in D．learn of
A．punished B．forgiven C．forgotten D．excused
A．return B．contact C．reference D．response
A．considering B．ignoring C．highlighting D．believing
A．values B．misbehaviors C．criminals D．theories
A．affect B．reduce C．prevent D．reflect
A．point B．lead C．come D．add
A．in general B．on average C．by contrast D．at last
A．case B．short C．turn D．essence
A．failure B．miseries C．development D．changes
A．contrarily B．consequently C．similarly D．occasionally
A．education B．concept C．structure D．economy
A．suggestions B．causes C．ideas D．reports
A．increased B．restricted C．reasonable D．popular
A．knowledge B．aspect C．strength D．probability
That was when my son was 6 years old. My son is now 22 but whenever I look at him even as a grown man, I remember the small child with .
Our cat was to give birth. And like all young children, my son was very interested in the birth of the babies. During the following week, he never stopped me for a chance to witness it. At last, I agreed. I answered all his questions and prepared him the best he might not be shocked or frightened.
That when my son arrived home, one baby cat had been born. He was so at what he saw that he would put his hand on the mother cat’s stomach and feel the other babies . When the mother cat began to very loudly, it was clear that the second baby was on its way. My son but never said a word. Then he asked me, “Mum, why does she cry so loudly when the baby comes?” I that it was not a hurtful pain but a pain of great pleasure the mother.
When the of the third baby was coming by the crying of the mother cat, my son hugged (拥抱) me with tears his face, saying, “Mum, I’m sorry for the I brought you to have me.” My heart almost stopped. With a(n) choice of words, I told him that his birth has brought me but smiles, and that I would like to it 100 times.
Now my son is a grown man, but he always that night, for it was on that night that he finally what the word “love” meant.
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阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One afternoon I toured an art museum and I was looking forward to a quiet view of the masterpieces(名作) A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me talked between themselves. I watched them a moment and she was doing all the talking.
I admired his patience for up with her talkativeness. Annoyed by their noise, I moved on.
I with them several times as I moved through the various rooms of art. I heard her constant flood of words, I moved quickly. I was making a purchase(购买) at the counter of the gift shop when I the couple approaching(靠近) the exit. Before they left, the man took out a and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a man,” the clerk at the counter said. “Most of us would if we were blinded at such a young age. During his recovery, he made a vow(发誓) that his life wouldn’t . So, as before he and his wife come in there’s a new art show.”
“But does he get out of the art?” I asked. “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see! You’re . He sees a lot. More than you or I do,” the clerk said.. “His wife each painting so he can see it in his .”
I something about patience, courage and love that day. I saw the of a young wife describing paintings to a person without and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.
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Late one night, a thief crept into a wealthy merchant’s house. He was a young thief, without . In fact, this was his first professional appearance. So he had planned everything .
All went marvelously well at first. He found, as he expected , an open window and got into the room . But, stepping his way through the room, he stubbed (碰到) his bare toe against a table leg. Choking back a cry of , terrified of waking the merchant, he hit himself the forehead and called himself a fool. He had forgot to bring a light.
In the darkness, however , he was able to see an oil lamp on the table, and it, then he gave a of relief. As he picked up the lamp, a small spider came out from under its .
“Thank you for saving my life,” said the spider. “Before he went to bed, the merchant set this lamp down on top of me so I couldn’t . If you hadn’t come along, I wouldn’t have lasted the night; indeed, I’d have extremely uncomfortable situation for a long time.”
“You have saved a life and shown , ”the spider went on, although the impatient thief said he had not intended to do so. “Better yet, you have done so without the least thought or hope of . You have gained more merits (优点) than you could possibly imagine.”
“But you’re only a spider,” said the thief.
“And you’re only a .” said the spider. “My dear friend, when you understand that life is life, whether on eight or two , you will have understood much. Your deed, in any case, has got rid of the bad things from your heart. Go from here with a fresh spirit. And good luck to you.”
The thief did so and never thought to again.
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完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分）
I was waiting for a phone call from my ____ . He had left a message the night before, telling me that my show was to be _____ _.I called him several times, ____ _ each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he ______ call me later. So I waited and waited, but there was ____ _ no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more_____ _. I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work, and he didn't care about me. I was _____ _ with that _____ . I started to shout at the phone, "Let me wait, will you? Who do you think you are?"
At that time I didn't realize my wife was____ _. Without showing her surprise, she____ _ in, seized the phone, tore off the ____ _, and shouted at the phone, "Yeah! Who do you think you are? Bad telephone!" And she _____ it into the wastebasket.
I stood watching her, _____ _. What on earth?
She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the ______ of the house, "Now hear this! All objects in this room—______ _ you do anything to upset my husband, out you go!".
Then she turned to me, kissed me, and said _____ _, "Honey, you just have to learn how to take control." With that, she left the room.
After watching a _____ __ woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything _____ _, I noticed that something in my ______ had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone? Her antics helped me realize I had been____ crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him calmly.
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For most, getting your first car opens up a new world of freedom and allows you to go wherever you want, whenever you want. Getting a car did this for me, and it also brought my best friend and me . But then it tore us apart.
My best friend lives three minutes from my . Since her is in late summer, seven months behind mine, I basically became her when I turned 16 in December.
And so I her up for school and took her home. We made ice-cream , went shopping and to the movies ---- all in my car. I would drive to her house just to sit on her bed, read magazines and have a good laugh. I went to her house so that she gave me a to her house.
A week after I got my license，she was with me I had my first accident. She was there and me and we kept it a , since I didn’t want people to . From then on, through thick and thin, it was just me, my car and my best friend.
High school is a time of , but I couldn’t for a long time we became so distant(疏远) after being so close. My friend waited three months after her birthday to get her dream car：a green 2004 Beetle. With its , the passenger seat of my car became . Our car trips became less frequent I didn’t even drive down her street.
It’s funny how a car can change a relationship so much. I had wanted her to get a car, but once she did, I it. I wanted her friendship back, even if it couldn’t be the same.
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