NewspapersinGreatBritainvarygr-优题课

The expression, "everybody's doing it," is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people's lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer "fine" when a stranger asks "how are you?" even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction: in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to "keep up with the Joneses."
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be help fill to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.
What is peer pressure ？

A．It refers to the strong feelings that you must do things the way other people of your age do.

B．It is “Keeping up with the Joneses”.

C．Only children or teenagers can feel the pressure.

D．It can be positive or negative.

What ’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A．Self-respect comes from the approval of others.

B．People are social creatures by nature.

C．Peer pressure drives people to dress up when going out to work.

D．A practical function of peer pressure.

Which one of the following is positive influence?

A．over-consumption

B．criminal offence

C．good grades

D．abandon their sense of right and wrong

What does “ decline” mean in the passage?

A．grow worse

B． politely refuse to accept it or do it.

C．go down

D．becomes less in quantity, importance, or strength.

How does the author think of the peer pressure?

A．negative

B．positive

C．objective

D．The article didn’t mention it.

Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is one of the problems the local governments are faced with.
When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town. Buses could be provided to take them into the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK. At Southerton, for example, a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months.
What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre. Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade. As the number of people driving past dropped, so did their incomes.
Making car driving expensive is another way of encouraging people to use public transport more. Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.
However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Constant delays, unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transport. People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time.
What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1?

A．The reduced/lowed cost of a new car and better road conditions

B．The reduced/lowed cost of a new car

C．better road conditions

D．People are wealthier than before.

What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects?

A．They should park in the park, and take a taxi to the centre.

B．They should take the bus to other towns instead of driving.

C．They should park outside the town, and take the bus to the centre.

D．If they don’t use public transport, they’ll be fined.

What are some shop owners’attitude to the project?

A．supportive	B．objective
C．opposed	D．subjective

Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5?

A．Because buses constantly delay and even sudden cancellations.

B．Because the timetable changes without announcement.

C．Because they want to show off their cars and driving skills.

D．Because public transport can not satisfy the passengers.

How many ways are mentioned to solve the overcrowding?

A．Two

B．Three

C．Four

D．Five

Life can be difficult, particularly for adolescents. Many young people get through the troubled years of adolescence and emerge into adulthood reasonably safe and sound. Too many youngsters, however, feel confused and ignored. Unable to clime out of the dilemma, these youngsters are socially and emotionally ‘at-risk’. They may suffer from such painful symptoms as anxiety, depression or anger.
Many parents, in an honest attempt to help their adolescent from emotionally drowning, seek professional treatment. They put a great deal of faith in professional clinicians to find a way out for their child. However, many of these parents begin to recognize that solving the problem is more complex than they had initially realized. It has been my clinical experience that some parents who bring their resistant youngster for treatment see their child as being solely responsible for the problem. In many cases, the adolescent feels angry and defective for being pushed into treatment.
We can gain some insight if we look at things through the eyes of the adolescent. The child is usually reluctantly brought by the parents to clinicians as what I call the ‘identified patient’. The youngster anxiously waits as the parents lay out the problem with the clinicians with remarks such as, “I don’t know what’s happening to my child lately, but he’s not his old self. He doesn’t listen to me anymore, has been getting failing grades, acts out at school, and stays in his room all the time.’’ Such descriptions at the beginning of treatment by the parents may strengthen feelings of incompetence on the part of the child. Such a pattern at the beginning sets up an intention of resistance and leaves the potential for a positive outcome at risk.
What many parents fail to realize is that the adolescent’s problem serves as a symbol for what is happening within the family system. Unknowingly, a youngster may become oppositional or depressed as a way of attempting to calm the psychic pain experienced by his family. On some level, the child’s behavioral problems respresent an effort to focus attention away from the unstable state within his family. In such cases it represents a courageous attempt by the teen to minimize hoem-related problems. Eventually the problems become too troublesome for the child and he proceeds to sacrifice himself for the good of the family. Many times youngsters go to clinicians in the hope that treatment will aid in healing the entire family system.
In my clinical experience, I have found that the troubled adolescent is more likely to find emotional healing if the parents are actively involved in the treatment process. In such cases where family members are involved in treatment, the adolescent’s expectation for change tends to improve. With parental involvement, the teen begins to feel more competent, as other family members take the risk to explore difficult family issues.
From the first paragraph, we can learn young people will .

A．experience a colourful life during adolescence

B．find society full of various dangers during adolescence

C．feel adolescence the most difficult period for them to get through

D．probably face a good many challenges during adolescence

What causes a child to resist treatment while the parents bring him to clinicians for help?

A．The child’s being reluctantly brought to clinicians.

B．The parents’ descriptions of the child’s problems to clinicians.

C．The child’s feelings of incompetence.

D．The parents’ looking at things through the eyes of the child.

In fact, the adolescent’s problems might indicate that the youngster .

A．is concerned about the family’s harmony

B．wants his parents to care about him

C．feels disappointed with the family environment

D．isn’t willing to face home-related problems

Young people will feel competent when .

A．recognizing their problems

B．finding short cuts to treat their problems

C．brought to a more experienced clinician

D．supported by their parents in treatment

What is the author’s attitude toward adolescents with problems?

A．Sceptical.	B．Worried.
C．Sympathetic.	D．Indifferent.

"I’m ging home tomorrow,"Michael announced. It was the first time he had talked with Bert Hensley since their argument that morning. He wanted his father to say that he couldn’t go, that he wouldn’t let him run away. To say that running was no way for a man to live.
But he replied only, "I figured that’s what you’d want."
Michael began to pack his suitcase. It took only a few more minutes to finish his packing. When Michael finally spoke, his voice was too loud in the small space. "Why’d you invite me?" He asked, "Why’d you call after so many years?" His father answered without looking at Michael.
"I thought it was time," he said.
"Time for what?" Michael persisted.
"I guess we’ve let one another down pretty badly in the last couple of days, haven’t we?" his father said. "Cil warned me," he continued, "She said I ought to think about it more before I called-about what I was trying to do, going back into your life that way. She said it wasn’t fair, me letting some other man raise my son through all those years and then trying to take him back, just when he was getting to be a man."
"A man?"Michael almost laughed.
"I don’t know if you’ll understand any of this. You’are pretty young." His father went slient, as though there was nothing more to say.
Michael learned across the table. "Try me," he spoke quietly, but it was almost a command.
His father flashed him a surprised look. "Well," he said at last, "My life was beginning to feel… sort of temporary, I guess you could say. When you finish a run on the river, it’s done. You know?So I guess I found myself thinking about you. A lot. Not just now and then the way I used to."…
"Michael,"his father said finally, "You don’t have to go, you know," his father said as Michael settled his suitcase into the back seat of Cil’s car. Michael looked at his father helplessly. They both knew that he did. What good did it to start pretending now?
"Don’t let the old man work too hard, Michael." his father added, trying on a chuckle(轻声地笑) that slipped immediately away.
The old man. The man his father had given him over to and then tried to take him back again. Even now, Michael thought, you could ask me to stay. That might make a difference. If you asked like you really mean it.
But his father didn’t ask; Michael had known he wouldn’t. They shook hands before Michael climbed into the car. Like two men. Like two frightened men.
After all of what had happened Michael still hoped his father could .

A．apologize for what he had done

B．support his decision

C．go home with him

D．ask him to saty

Why did Michael feel disappointed with his father?

A．His father abandoned him after he was born.

B．His father went back into his life all of a sudden.

C．His father never thought of him as him as the way he did.

D．His father said he was young to understan all of this.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．When the father said "You don’t have to go", he meant it.

B．The father never regretted having tried to take his son back.

C．Michael probably wouldn’t go back to his father again.

D．The old man was hard on Michael.

Sensing phantom phone vibrations(手机虚幻震动) is a strangely common experience. Around 80% of us have imagined a phone vibrating in our pockets when it’s actually completely still. Almost 30% of us have also heard non-existent ringing. Are these signs of madness caused by digital culture? Not at all. In fact, phantom vibrations and ringing indicate a fundamental principle in psychology.
Psychologists use a concept called Signal Detection Theory to guide their thinking about the problem of perceptual(感知的) judgments. Working through the example of phone vibrations, we can see how this theory explains why they are a common and unavoidable part of healthy mental function.
When your phone is in your pocket, the world is in one of two possible states: the phone is either ringing or not. You also have two possible states of mind: the judgment that the phone is ringing, or the judgment that it isn’t. Obviously you’d like to match these states in the correct way. True vibrations should go with "it’s ringing", and no vibrations should go with "it’s not ringing".Signal detection theory calls these faithful matches a "hit " and a "correct rejection".
But there are two other possible combinations: you could mismatch true vibrations with "it’s not ringing"( a"miss"); or mismatch the absence of vibrations with "it’s ringing"( a"false alarm"). This second kind of mismatch is what’s going on when you imagine a phantom phone vibration.
What does that mean in terms of your phone? We can assume that people like to notice when their phone is ringing, and that most people hate missing a call. This means their perceptual systems have adjusted their bias(偏向) to a level that makes misses unlikely. The unavoidable cost is a raised likelihood(可能性) of false alarms-of phantom phone vibrations.
The trade-off between false alarms and misses also explains why we all have to put up with fire alarms going off when there isn’t a fire. It isn’t that the alarms are badly designed, but rather that they are very sensible to smoke and heat and biased to avoid missing a real fire at all costs. The outcome is a rise in the number of false alarms. These are inconvenient, but nowhere near as inconvenient as burning to death in your bed or office. The alarms are designed to err on the side of caution.
The writer tries to explain phantom phone vibrations .

A．by analyzing some facts

B．by giving some examples

C．from the angle of biology

D．from the angle of psychology

According to the writer, the sense of phantom phone vibration is .

A．natural and normal	B．harmful but avoidable
C．unusual and unavoidable	D．common but unhealthy

When we judge correctly that "it’s not ringing", this is called a " ".

A．hit	B．miss
C．false alarm	D．correct rejection

What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?

A．Better late than never.

B．Better safe than sorry.

C．Fight over the smallest things.

D．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.