Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings.
The expression “to be in hot water” is one of them. It is a very old expression. “Hot water” was used 500 years ago to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle.
That no longer happens. But we still get in “hot water”. When we are in “hot water”, we are in trouble. It can be any kind of trouble---serious or not so serious. A person who breaks a law can be in hot water with the police. A young boy can be in hot water with his mother if he walks in the house with dirty shoes.
Being in “deep water” is almost the same as being in hot water. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult position. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown in water over his head. You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you do not have the ability to solve. You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks without knowing anything about the stock market.
“To keep your head above water” is a colorful expression that means staying out of debt. A company seeks to keep its head above water during economic hard times. A man who loses his job tries to keep his head above water until he finds a new job.
“Water over the dam” is another expression about a past event. It is something that is finished. It cannot be changed. The expression comes from the idea that water that has flowed over a dam cannot be brought back again.
Another common expression, “to hold water”, is about the strength or weakness of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about. It probably comes from a way of testing the condition of a container. If it can hold water, it is strong and has no holes in it. If your argument can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes. If it does not hold water, then it is weak and not worth debating.
“Throwing cold water” also is an expression that deals with ideas or proposals. It means that one doesn’t like an idea. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems. But your wife throws cold water on the idea because she says a new car costs too much.
This is our Special English program, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES. It was written by Marilyn Christiano. I’m Rich Kleinfeldt. See you next time.According to the passage, expressions about water __________.
A.are very common | B.have unpleasant meanings |
C.are very interesting | D.are easy to understand |
The expression “hot water” _________.
A.is not used nowadays |
B.has a long history |
C.means arguing with others |
D.only means serious trouble |
Which of the following expressions have the similar meaning?
A.“Throwing cold water” and “deep water” |
B.“Hot water” and “water over the dam” |
C.“Deep water” and “water over the dam” |
D.“Hot water” and “deep water” |
If you signed an agreement with Tom yesterday and want to change it now, Tom may say “_______”.
A.You should keep your head above water |
B.You can’t throw cold water |
C.It is water over the dam |
D.Don’t be in deep water |
What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Water |
B.Expressions about water |
C.Several common expressions |
D.Water and everyday English |
“If you talk to the plants, they will grow faster and the effect is even better if you’re a woman.” Researchers at Royal Horticultural Society carried out an experient to find that the voice of a woman gardener makes plants grow faster.
The experiment lasted a month and by the end of the study scientists managed to discover that tomato plants grew up two inches taller when women gardeners talked to them instead of male.
Sarah Darwin was the one making the plants registered the best growth. Her voice was the most “inspiring” for plants than those of nine other gardeners when reading a passage from The Origin of Species. The great-great-granddaughter of the famous botanist(植物学家) Charles Darwin found that her plant grew about two inches taller than the plant of the best male gardener.
Colin Crosbie, Garden Superintendent at RHS, said that the finding cannot yet be explained. He assumes that women have a greater range of pitch(音高) and tone(音调) which might have a certain effect on the sound waves that reach the plant. “Sound waves are an environmental effect just like rain or light ,”said Mr Grosbie.
The study began in April at RHS Garden Wisley in Survey. Scientists started with open auditions(听力) for the people who were asked to record passages from John Wyndham's The Day of the Triffids, Shakespeare’s A Midsummer's Night Dream and Darwin's The Origin of Species.
Afterwards researchers selected a number of different voices and played them to 10 tomato plants during a period of a month. Each plant had headphones(耳机) connected to it. Through the headphones the sound waves could hit the plants. It was discovered that plants that “listened” to female voices on average grew taller by an inch in comparison to plants that heard male voices.
Miss Darwin said, “I think it is an honor to have a voice that can make tomatoes grow, and especially fitting because for a number of years I have been studying wild tomatoes from the Galapagos Island at the Natural History Museum in London.”What does the passage talk about?
A.Plants enjoy men’s voices than women’s. |
B.A botanical experiment in a museum. |
C.Voice’s influence on plant growing. |
D.Strange phenomenon(现象) at Royal Horticultural Society. |
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Plants need sound as well as rain and light. |
B.Sound is basic for the plant to grow. |
C.Sound has a good effect as rain or light does. |
D.Plants can’t live without sound, rain or light. |
Sarah Darwin is most likely a (an)_____.
A.botanist | B.gardener | C.astronomer | D.environmentalist |
What can we learn from the passage?
A.The experiment ended in May. |
B.Scientist can explain the findings clearly. |
C.Plants enjoy listening to the passages from masterpieces. |
D.The findings are of great importance to human beings. |
I still remember my first day at school in London and I was half-excited and half-frightened. On my way to school I wondered what sort of questions the other boys would ask me and practiced all the answers: “I am nine years old. I was born here but I haven’t lived here since I was two. I was living in Farley. It’s about thirty miles away. I came back to London two months ago.” I also wondered if it was the custom for boys to fight strangers like me, but I was tall for my age. I hoped they would decide not to risk it.
No one took any notice of me before school. I stood in the center of the playground, expecting someone to say “hello”, but no one spoke to me. When a teacher called my name and told me where my classroom was, one or two boys looked at me but that was all.
My teacher was called Mr. Jones. There were 42 boys in the class, so I didn’t stand out there, either, until the first lesson of the afternoon. Mr. Jones was very fond of Charles Dickens and he had decided to read aloud to us from David Copperfield, but first he asked several boys if they knew Dickens’ birthplace, but no one guessed right. A boy called Brian, the biggest in the class, said: “Timbuktu”, and Mr. Jones went red in the face. Then he asked me. I said: “Portsmouth”, and everyone stared at me because Mr. Jones said I was right. This didn’t make me very popular, of course.
“He thinks he’s clever,” I heard Brian say.
After that, we went out to the playground to play football. I was in Brian’s team, and he obviously had Dickens in mind because he told me to go in goal. No one ever wanted to be the goalkeeper.
“He’s big enough and useless enough.” Brian said when someone asked him why he had chosen me.
I suppose Mr. Jones, who served as the judge, remembered Dickens, too, because when the game was nearly over, Brian pushed one of the players on the other team, and he gave them a penalty (惩罚). As the boy kicked the ball to my right, I threw myself down instinctively (本能地) and saved it. All my team crowded round me. My bare knees were injured and bleeding. Brian took out a handkerchief and offered it to me.
“Do you want to join my gang (帮派)?” he said.
At the end of the day, I was no longer a stranger.The writer prepared to answer all of the following questions EXCEPT “ ”.
A.How old are you? |
B.Where are you from? |
C.Do you want to join my gang? |
D.When did you come back to London? |
We can learn from the passage that .
A.boys were usually unfriendly to new students |
B.the writer was not greeted as he expected |
C.Brian praised the writer for his cleverness |
D.the writer was glad to be a goalkeeper |
The underlined part “I didn’t stand out” in paragraph 3 means that the writer was not .
A.noticeable | B.welcome | C.important | D.foolish |
The writer was offered a handkerchief because .
A.he threw himself down and saved the goal |
B.he pushed a player on the other team |
C.he was beginning to be accepted |
D.he was no longer a newcomer |
Knowing the best way to study will help you to be a better student.By using your time properly,you can do your homework more quickly.Learning to stuady is not difficult.
The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn.It doesn’t mean that you must always like the subject.It does mean,however,that you must be willing to do whatever is necessary to learn.Try to understand why it is important and how it will help you now and later to do and learn other things.Knowing mathematics facts will be useful in your whole life.Knowing how to spell makes any kind of writing easier.Sometimes a subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be exciting when you begin to work at it and understand it more clearly.Learning things can be fun if you are willing to work with them.
Here’s some advice for you:have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study,so that you can concentrate(集中)on your study without interruptions(中断,打断);have everything ready before you sit down to study—a dictionary,paper,a pen and books;be sure you understand what you should learn before you start;read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things;when memorizing(记忆), first find out the main parts and then recite(背诵)the whole thing;check your homework after you finish it:never forget the importance of review and preview.The main idea of the text is .
A.to prove that learning is not difficult |
B.to make the readers be interested in study |
C.to tell the importance of self-teaching |
D.to tell the students how to study well |
The first thing to remember in studying is that .
A.you must like the subject |
B.you must follow the teacher |
C.you must enioy learning |
D.you must study hard |
What does the underlined word“preview”mean?
A.To go over. |
B.To review again. |
C.To view in advance. |
D.To discuss. |
Which of the following is NOT the advice given in the text?
A.To put a pen,paper and books beside you before study. |
B.To study at any possible time and place. |
C.To review and preview. |
D.To pay attention to the most important things。 |
Due to climate change, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing. This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.
Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets. The shrinking(减少) ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed.
In Hudson Bay, the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago. Polar bears on Hudson Bay fast(绝食) during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year, the summer gets longer, and the bears get skinnier. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the female bears has dropped 68 kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number of births has dropped 15 percent. Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day disappear.What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year?
A.It’s freezing. | B.It’s hardening. |
C.It’s melting. | D.It’s expanding. |
What is true of polar bears that are spending more time on land in Alaska?
A.Their young are dying. |
B.Their diet is changing. |
C.Their health is improving. |
D.Their families are growing. |
What do polar bears in Hudson Bay do during the summer?
A.They claim territory(地域). | B.They protect mates. |
C.They hunt animals. | D.They stop feeding |
In which publication would you most likely find this passage?
A.Medical News | B.Society Today | C.Wildlife Journal | D.Design Magazine |
Donald had his own difficulties in sleeping that night. Not just because of the bright lights of the shelter or people’s constant voices, it was the happening repeatedly nightmare that caused him to stay awake, to fear sleep. Donald was back in his small house. He did his best to ignore the howling winds outside his window. Yet he could not turn out the fearful whimpers (呜咽) of his little dog, or the uncomfortable sounds of his mother anxious in her room next door, unable to sleep through the storm despite her insistence they would be all right.
Donald did not want his mother to be upset, but on some level, he was glad to hear she was awake, It meant he was not alone in the dark. Though he was 12, until recently it was impossible for Donald to fall asleep unless his mother lay down by his side.
Suddenly there was a crash. Their living room window is shattered (打碎) by 125 miles an hour winds. Troy rushed to Donald and sat anxiously on the edge of his bed. He did his best to calm his mother, and she had to comfort him. Soon water was seeping (渗入) into the single floor house. Quickly it rose from ankle level to leg level. At Donald’s insistence, they pushed their way through the water --- now chest high --- toward the front door. When they fought their way into the living room, water rose to their chins.
It was a struggle for the boy and mother to stay afloat. In a total panic, desperate to hold on to something, Troy caught a curtain rod. She was breathing hard, shouting that she couldn’t swim.
Donald cried out, “Mom! Hold on!” Just then Donald also caught a floatable wood board.The passage is mainly about _____.
A.how a storm happened and caused damage |
B.how a mother and son experienced a storm |
C.how a mother and son survived a storm |
D.how a son helped his mother in a storm |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the story?
A.The rising water. | B.The broken window. |
C.The lucky dog. | D.The noisy environment. |
Which phrase can describe Troy’s feelings at the beginning of the storm most suitably?
A.In excitement. | B.In calm. | C.In anxiety. | D.In despair. |
What will the author most probably talk about next?
A.How the other people struggled in the storm. |
B.Why the rainstorm happened. |
C.What damage the rainstorm caused. |
D.How Donald and Troy struggled to save themselves |