Tourism wasn’t as important as it is today. In the past, only people with a good deal of money could travel on holidays to other countries. More people travel today than in the past because there is a growing middle class in many parts of the world; that is to say, people now have more money for travel. Special plane fares(费用) for tourists make travel less expensive and more attractive than ever before. One person doesn’t travel for the same reason as another. But most people enjoy seeing countries that are different from their own. They also like to meet new people and to taste new food.
Tourism causes many changes in a country and in people’s lives. People build new hotels and restaurants and train native men and women as guides to show visitors interesting places. There’re new nightclubs and other amusements. International tourism is clearly a big business.In the old days _________ could travel to other countries.
| A．boys and girls, men or women, young or old |
| B．either kings or queens |
| C．both the poor and the rich |
| D．nobody but those who had money |
More people travel today than in the past because______________.
| A．people have become interested in traveling |
| B．traveling today is easier the in than past |
| C．people now have spare money for travel |
| D．great changes have taken place in the world |
Which of the following statements is true according to the article?
A. Tourism won’t bring any changes in people’s minds.
People have some trouble in making journey.
C. With the development of tourism, great changes have taken place in many parts in the world.
D. Tourism causes only some changes in clothing. What is the best title of the passage?
| A．The Change of Tourism |
| B．Tourism |
| C．The Importance of Tourism |
| D．The Cause of Tourism Change |
The Friends of the Amazon is a nonprofit association helping to preserve the forest, its wildlife and its native cultures in the Peruvian Amazon. We are located 3 degrees south of the equator in the Region of Loreto, which is roughly the size of Montana and is one of the richest areas in the world in terms of flora(植物群) and fauna（动物群）. Our team consists of lawyers, ecologists, sociologists, medical professionals and native Amazonians working together to protect the forest and its people from destruction. We use litigation（诉讼）, filing lawsuits against those who seek to destroy the forest and its native cultures. In addition to legal processes, we promote health, education, and the conservation of native plants and animals.
The Amazon Rainforest is commonly referred to as the "lungs of the planet" whose trees are essential for absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2, a greenhouse gas that causes global warming) and converting it into oxygen, thereby mitigating the rise of global temperatures and climate change. An estimated 120 billion tons of carbon dioxide is absorbed in the Amazon Rainforest and global emissions of carbon dioxide increase with every tree of the rainforest that is cut down. That is why the survival of the Amazon Rainforest is vital for the survival of our planet, without which rising global temperatures could melt the polar icecaps and cause flooding of our coastal cities.
Currently, the Amazon is under siege（围攻）, with an estimated 1000 hectares being destroyed everyday. After harvesting old growth forests, corporations are often replacing the native forest with palm oil plantations instead of reforesting with native tree species. Palm oil trees are native to Africa, not the Amazon, and due to high profits, their promotion by international aid agencies and recent legislation in Peru, palm oil plantations represent perhaps the single greatest threat to the native Amazon Rainforest.
In addition to conventional logging and deforesting to make room for crops such as palm oil and soybeans, the Amazon forest faces a new threat in the form of REDD projects and “Carbon Cowboys”. REDD refers to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation by using carbon offsets (“carbon credits”). Under the guise of REDD projects, scammers are tricking native communities into signing unjust contracts in English without legal representation which essentially give these so called Carbon Cowboys the forest for free. These cheaters are making false promises of "billions of dollars in profits" from REDD and voluntary carbon offset （碳补偿）projects by lying that they are representatives of the United Nations and World Bank in order to trick vulnerable indigenous Amazonians into ceding their land by signing unjust contracts with hidden clauses that give the Carbon Cowboys a power of attorney to do whatever they want with the forest for a period of 100 years. Friends of the Amazon is actively filing lawsuits against these Carbon Cowboys and those who support them.
For further information on our programs and to find out how you can help preserve the Amazon Rainforest, please contact:
Friends of the Amazon
153 Túpac Amaru Street
Iquitos, Peru
Phone: (+51) 985665374
For more specific information on supporting the goals of our nonprofit organization, please contact us using the email address listed below.
If you would like to learn how you can help preserve the Amazon Rainforest and its indigenous people, please contact us for more information at:
info(at)friendsoftheamazon.org The Friends of the Amazon is the name of _________.
| A．your best friend | B．a non-profit organization |
| C．a historic hero | D．a famous carbon cowboy |
What does the underlined word “converting ” in the second paragraph mean?
| A．changing | B．increasing | C．reducing | D．burning |
Why is the survival of the Amazon Rainforest vital for the survival of our planet?
| A．Because this forest absorbs a lot of carbon dioxide emitted by the world |
| B．Because people rely on this forest to get enough wood to build houses and furniture |
| C．Because people living here can get a large sum of compensation to offset carbon dioxide |
| D．Because the United Nations and the World Bank are helping preserving the land here |
We can learn from the passage that palm oil trees _____________.
| A．have produced much profit for the local people. |
| B．are native to Amazon and fit in well with their surroundings |
| C．are native to Africa and may do great harm to the native Amazon trees |
| D．are used to replace the native forest because the local people can profit from them |
The purpose of this article is _______.
| A．introduce the largest rain forest in the world |
| B．to appeal to the government to take some measures to get rid of Carbon Cowboys |
| C．to advertise the rain forest as a favourite tourist destination |
| D．to arouse the awareness of the public to help conserve the “lungs of our planet” |
If you have ever gone through a toll booth(收费所), you know that your relationship to the person in the booth is not the most intimate you'll ever have. It is one of life's frequent affairs: You hand over some money; you might get change; you drive off.
Late one morning in 1984, headed for lunch in San Francisco, I drove toward a booth. I heard loud music. It sounded like a party. I looked around. No other cars with their windows open. No sound trucks. I looked at the toll booth. Inside it, the man was dancing.
"What are you doing?" I asked.
"I'm having a party," he said.
"What about the rest of the people?" I looked at the other toll booths.
He said, "What do those look like to you?" He pointed down the row of toll booths.
"They look like……toll booths. What do they look like to you?"
He said, "Vertical coffins. At 8:30 every morning, live people get in. Then they die for eight hours. At 4:30, like Lazarus from the dead, they reemerge and go home. For eight hours, brain is on hold, dead on the job. Going through the motions."
I was amazed. This guy had developed a philosophy, a mythology about his job. Sixteen people dead on the job, and the seventeenth, in precisely the same situation, figures out a way to live. I could not help asking the next question: "Why is it different for you? You're having a good time."
He looked at me. "I knew you were going to ask that. I don't understand why anybody would think my job is boring. I have a corner office, glass on all sides. I can see the Golden Gate, San Francisco, and the Berkeley hills. Half the Western world vacations here……and I just stroll in every day and practice dancing."According to the first paragraph, in most cases, how do you describe the relationship between drivers and toll booth?
| A．most intimate | B．very tense | C．pretty ordinary | D．extremely hostile |
Why did the author go to San Francisco?
A. To attend a party
B. B. To have a meal
C. To dance with the worker in the toll booth
D. To hand in the repair fee of his carThe underlined name “Lazarus” mentioned in the eighth paragraph probably refers to a person___________.
A. who was very active in his life
B. B. who was dead and revived from death
C. who was going to San Francisco
D. who liked dancing at workAccording to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
| A．The author passed by the toll booth every day. |
| B．The worker enjoyed his work very much. |
| C．Only western people like to spend their holidays in the Berkeley hills. |
| D．The dancing worker was getting badly along with his colleagues. |
After hearing what the worker said, the author would probably_________.
| A．go to the worker’s senior to complain about his bad attitude towards job. |
| B．go climbing the Golden Gate and the Berkeley hills to have a vacation. |
| C．learn to take a positive attitude to job and appreciate valuable things in life. |
| D．go back home instead of wasting time traveling to San Francisco. |
Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.
One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements（组成部分）of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.
Language
A. knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicate directly. Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly. Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.
Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad . An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. For example, many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.
Customs and manners
Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad before the main course at dinner, not after. It’s not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn’t sell well because the French don’t usually drink juice with breakfast. A. knowledge of the local language allows international business people _________.
A. to be more open with their customers
B. to have a better idea of their own culture
C. to express their thoughts indirectly
D. to communicate without outside helpThe act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of ________.
| A．attitudes | B．values | C．manners | D．customs |
What would be the best title for the text?
| A．Misconceptions in Business |
| B．Basic Beliefs in Business |
| C．International Business Culture |
| D．Successful International Business |
The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people ___________
| A．how to take a right attitude in business |
| B．how to avoid misunderstandings in business |
| C．how to use a local language in business |
| D．how to act politely and properly in business |
Over the years, Americans have become used to salt．Most people have no idea how much salt they consume-on average, about 9 to 12 gram per person per day, according to the American Heart Association．That's twice the amount recommended by the government．
A new study last week showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart．The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes（中风）, four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease．
Researchers also found that the benefits would be greatest for African Americans and women．As a group, African Americans tend to have higher blood pressure than the general population, and "many studies suggest that they may be more sensitive to salt," says Dr.Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, an epidemiologist（流行病学家）at the University of California, San Francisco．Her analysis found that a reduction of 3 gram of salt per day would reduce heart attacks 8% on average; among African Americans, that rate would drop 10%．A similar result was found in women, whose stroke risk dropped 8% with a 3-g reduction in salt intake; in men, the risk fell 5%．
They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt．
However, other scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people．
Michael Alderman, a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure．But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes．
“Salt has other biological effects． Calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects, as well as harmful results． There is not enough evidence either way,”said Michael Alderman．Eating too much salt may lead to the following EXCEPT．
| A．stroke | B．heart disease | C．high blood pressure | D．lung cancer |
What can we learn from the passage?
| A．Most Americans take more salt than advised． |
| B．African women eat more salt than Americans． |
| C．One's origin determines how much salt he can eat． |
| D．Good health is just on the basis of having less salt． |
The author's attitude toward the study is．
| A．cold | B．objective | C．subjective | D．doubtful |
What's the best title of the passage?
| A．The Benefits of Eating Less Salt． |
| B．A New Study on Salt and Diseases． |
| C．An Argument Over Salt and Health． |
| D．The Harm Caused by Too Much Salt． |
| Part-time Front Desk Position Kirchoff, Inc．，a book development company，is looking for a part-time front desk office worker．This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful，dependable，and pleasant to work with．Also，you should be able to welcome guests，redirect phone calls，and take messages．More importantly，you can stay cool under pressure．You are expected to work 5：00—6：00 pm weekdays．You need to fill in some forms if you are interested． Forms can be collected at Kirchoff，Inc． 866 United Nations Plaza,#525 New York, NY 10017 |
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| Important Points to Remember When Swimming ·Wait at least an hour after meals. ·Follow the advice of lifeguards. ·Don’t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the shore. ·Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim. ·Don’t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea. ·Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers. Help Telephone:212-543-5902 Atlantic City Beach Office |
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* Arrive on time. * Introduce yourself in a polite manner. * Read company materials while you wait. * Have a firm handshake. * Listen. * Use body language to show interest. * Smile and nod to the interviewer. * Ask about the next thing you should do. * Thank the interviewer. * Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to. For more information, please visit jobweb.com 368 Cooper Square, New York，NY 10008 |
If you want to work in an office, where can you get the forms to fill in?
| A．Website：jobweb. com． |
| B．Atlantic City Beach Office. |
| C．368 Cooper Square，New York，NY 10008. |
| D．866 United Nations Plaza，#525，New York, NY 10017． |
What does a person need most to be fit for the one-hour weekday job?
| A．He should be cheerful，dependable, and easy-going. |
| B．He has to work from Monday to Friday. |
| C．He can remain calm in a difficult situation. |
| D．He can welcome guests and deal with phone calls. |
According to the above information，what is the right thing to do when you swim?
| A．To keep close to the beach． | B．To dive into unknown waters. |
| C．To use floating toys on the water. | D．To swim soon after lunch． |
The best title for the last piece of information would be．
| A．Tips on Showing Interest in a Job |
| B．Steps to a Successful Interview |
| C．Advice on Introducing Yourself Politely |
| D．Rules of Body Language in an Interview |