A group of Russian criminals have stolen l.2 billion username and password combinations for more than 500 millione-mail addresses. It's the largest known theft on the Internet, according to a report of The New York Times.
Cyber security firm Hold Security discovered the security breach(漏洞 ). The firm found that the group of criminals collected personal information from 420,000 websites, including household names and small Internet sites. The criminals were based in a small city in south central Russia. They hacked websites inside Russia as well as big companies in the U.S. and other countries ,The New Times reports.
The criminals found hundreds of thousands of weak websites and attacked their coding，Hold Security said. Alex Holden is chief information security officer of Hold Security. “The hackers did not just target U.S. companies；they targeted any website they could get，” Holden said. “And most of these sites are still easy to attack”.
According to Hold Security, the criminals have been using the stolen information to send junk mail through e-mail and on social networks like Twitter. They can also use the 500 million stolen e-mail -addresses to plan other crimes. They could use information from bank e-mails to steal your identity or sell the e-mail address to other criminals to make quick cash.
The reported break-ins are the latest events to raise doubts about security at big and small companies. Last winter, hackers stole 40 million credit card numbers and 70 million addresses, phone numbers and other personal information from the retailer Target Corp. The brand is still working to regain its shoppers' trust.
John Prisco is a CEO of a security firm. He says security hacks are more common than many people and companies realize. "This issue reminds me of an iceberg, where 90% of it is actually under water," Prisco said in an e-mailed statement. So many cyber breaches today are not actually reported, because companies are losing information and they are not even aware of it. "
Security experts believe hackers will continue breaking into computer networks unless companies become more protective of personal information. What did a group of Russian criminals do according to the report?
| A．They stole e-mail addresses of the Internet users. |
| B．They destroyed the websites of some big companies. |
| C．They attacked American companies in southern Russia. |
| D．They downloaded the secret information of some banks. |
According to Alex Holden, the criminals entered some websites easily because .
| A．some websites don't have their own coding |
| B．most of the websites lack protective measures |
| C．Russia is more developed in computer science |
| D．the hackers are equipped with high technology |
What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
| A．The criminals are fond of using social networks. |
| B．The criminals sell the stolen information for money. |
| C．The stolen information causes great economic losses. |
| D．The stolen information could bring harmful effects. |
What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 imply?
| A．We cannot tell how large an iceberg is just from the part on the water. |
| B．Many companies are unwilling to report their information stolen. |
| C．Many companies are not aware their information has been stolen. |
| D．People usually can see just a small part of an iceberg. |
A new chapter in space exploration has been opened up after NASA confirmed that their mission to bomb the Moon had found “significant quantities” of frozen water.Scientists said the “exciting” findings had gone “beyond expectations” as fully formed ice was found in a crater on the planet.The water was found in one mile high dust that was kicked up by the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite(LCOSS) last month when it crashed into the Cabeus crater near the Moon's south pole.
“Indeed，yes，we found water.And we didn't find just a little bit，we found a significant amount，”said Anthony Colaprete，project scientist and principal investigator for the ￡49 million space mission.
“This is a great day for science and exploration，” said Doug Cooke，associate administrator of NASA.“The remarkable results have gone beyond our expectations.It is incredibly exciting.”
The identification of waterice is important for purely scientific reasons，but also because a supply of water on the Moon would be a vital resource for future human exploration. The findings，which completely contradict previous beliefs that the Moon was a dry place，justify the controversial mission. Over the last decade，scientists have found some hints of underground ice on the Moon's poles，mainly in the form of compounds of hydrogen but this is the best evidence yet.
The discovery is expected to have major implications for the future of lunar exploration，and a ready supply of water could help set up lunar bases or launch missions to Mars. Mr Colaprete said that it should be possible to purify the water for drinking even though it appeared to be mixed with poisonous methanol(甲醇)． Which of the following is TRUE of the “bombing”？
| A．It damaged the Moon surface severely. |
| B．It would do harm to the space environment. |
| C．It confirmed the existence of water on the Moon. |
| D．It would help the research on Mars. |
The underlined word “NASA” in the first paragraph maybe referred to ________.
| A．a base in space |
| B．a new kind of bomb |
| C．a part of the Moon |
| D．a government department |
Which of the following is the best title of the text?
| A．Water Found on the Moon after NASA “Bombing” |
| B．Unbelievable Space Research |
| C．Possible Base on the Moon |
| D．Mysterious Water Found on the Moon |
Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co. , Ltd., a major Australian medicine-making company. Opened in 1992, ALRL specializes in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases．
A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager(ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield，due to open in the autumn of 2010．
Reporting to the Director，you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction．You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL'S Health and Safety，and to communicate (沟通)with support employees at ALRL'S laboratories based at University College London．Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees，you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories．
Candidates(申请人) will have experience of both management and research support／technical services．Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable．
If you are interested in this position，please send your CV(简历)to Alex London Research
Laboratory，University College London，Hatfield，London，W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@alex. co. uk．
For more Information．please visit www. alex. co. uk． What can be learnt about the new laboratories from the text?
| A．They have not yet been set up． |
| B．They are in Hatfield，Australia． |
| C．They belong to University College London． |
| D．They are new workplaces for Australian researchers only． |
What are the duties of a ROM，according to the text?
| A．a，b，c． |
| B．a，b，d． |
| C．b，c，d． |
| D．a，c，d． |
What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?
| A．The technical skills of a would-be ROM． |
| B．The practical experience of a would-be ROM． |
| C．The personal information of a would-be ROM． |
| D．The necessary requirements for a would-be ROM． |
What is the purpose of the text?
| A．To describe the job of a ROM． |
| B．To provide information about ALRL． |
| C．To announce an open position at ALRL． |
| D．To make known the opening of the new laboratories． |
Albert was an ordinary worker in an oil company in America. His workmates gave a nickname(绰号) “Four dollars a bucket (桶)” to him, for he was always used to leaving an advertisement of his company “Four dollars a bucket of oil” below his name whenever and wherever he wrote down his name.
As time went by, people forgot his real name. Later, when Rockefeller, the board chairman of the oil company, heard of it, he was very surprised, so he invited Albert to come to his office.
“Some people give you a nickname for ‘Four dollars a bucket’. Why aren’t you angry?” asked Rockefeller with some puzzlement in his eyes.
“Oh! Mr. Rockefeller! I like this nickname very much, because ‘Four dollars a bucket’ is our company’s advertisement. As long as someone calls me ‘Four dollars a bucket’ once, I think it’s a free advertisement for our company. I have no reason to get angry. Don’t you think so, Mr. Rockefeller?”
“Oh! What a fantastic man!” Rockefeller said excitedly when hearing Albert’s words. “Young man, work harder! You must succeed in the future! I believe in you!”
Five years later, Albert became the second board chairman after Rockefeller.
Later Albert said in one of his reports, “I don’t think we should feel frustrated when we have no way to do the world-shaking things. We should treat every thing actively because maybe our future success will begin from a small thing!” What was Albert in the oil company at the beginning?
| A．A customer |
| B．An assistant. |
| C．A manager. |
| D．A worker. |
Why wasn’t Albert angry at his nickname?
| A．He could become famous. |
| B．He liked to have a nickname. |
| C．It could make his workmates happy. |
| D．It could advertise for his company for free. |
What is the main idea of this passage?
| A．It’s very important to do small things well. |
| B．Rockefeller asked young people to work harder. |
| C．You can’t get angry when someone calls your nickname. |
| D．You should make more advertisements for your company. |
What would be the best title for this passage?
| A．A Clever Way to Make Advertisements. |
| B．Albert and Rockefeller. |
| C．Four Dollars a Bucket. |
| D．The Second Board Chairman. |
About a week ago, when I was playing basketball at our local park, I noticed a small group of boys picking on a smaller, skinnier boy. They were 1 him names and even 2 him to the ground and kicked dirt in his face. 3 I saw that, I walked over to the group.
I stepped 4 them and the smaller boy, and 5 them politely what this boy had done worthy of 6 they were doing to him. One of the boys replied, "He's weird (古怪的)." At that, I asked one of the boys if he thought his friend was weird, and the 7 was "No". So, I asked another boy what the word '"weird" 8 , and he said, "Different." That was my cue (暗示). I told them that everyone is 9 , and that they all looked just as different to the other boy as he did to them. They all stood 10 for a moment, and then the most 11 thing happened. One of the boys helped the small boy off the ground and then said 12 to him. What's more, he 13 to let him play with them.
I thanked the boy for being so 14 . ①As I looked around, I realized that there were dozens of other people at the park 15 no one else had stopped to help this boy. I felt 16 that the boy was strong enough to stand up against his friends to 17 someone in need. But at the same time I felt sad that 18 else had even taken a second look.
②I hope that my action helped them 19 that they could have made a difference with a little 20 , and maybe next time they will be the ones who choose to help.
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| A．decide | B．realize | C．suggest | D．agree |
| A．energy | B．practice | C．knowledge | D．effort |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen，beginning in 2011.The company Terrafugia，based in Woburn，Massachusetts，says it plans to deliver its carplane，the Transition，to customers by the end of 2011.
“It's the next ‘wow’ vehicle，” said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh.“Anybody can buy a Ferrari，but as we say，Ferraris don't fly.”
The carplane has wings that unfold for flying－a process the company says takes one minute－and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.
The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies，although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations，and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.
The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports：You drive the car to the airport and then you're good to go. When you land，you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you don't have to store it at an airport－you park it in the garage at home.
The carplane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds，including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under the bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界的) conditions.
The Transition's price tag：$194,000.But there may be additional charges for options like a radio，a transponder or a GPS. Another option is a fullplane parachute.
“If you get into a very awful situation，it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said.
So far，the company has more than 70 orders with deposits. “We're working very closely with them，but there are still some remaining steps，” Brown said.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that ________.
| A．carplanes will be popular in 2011 |
| B．people might drive a carplane in 2011 |
| C．both the Transition and Ferrari can take off and land |
| D．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts |
It takes the carplane one minute to ________.
| A．fold and unfold its wings |
| B．unfold wings for flying |
| C．land in the airport |
| D．meet flying safety regulations |
According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?
A．The carplane needs a runway to take off and land.
B．To meet aircraft regulations，the company has been working with FAA.
C．The carplane may fly as high as normal planes.
D．People can park the carplane in the garage at their home.The underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refers to ________.
| A．the radio |
| B．the transponder |
| C．the GPS |
| D．the fullplane parachute |
What's the best title for the passage?
| A．Cars with wings may be just around the corner |
| B．Which to choose：a Ferrari or a carplane? |
| C．A more convenient and cheaper way to fly |
| D．Cars with wings can fly as fast as planes |