Are you a team person? Are you at your best as part of a small, tightly united group of dedicated workers? If so, the future may hold more for you than you think.
High technology, some predicted, would make teamwork a thing of the past. That’s happening in those areas of business and data processing where one person and a computer can replace a team of workers.
But, elsewhere, teamwork is very much alive. High technology has led to a new type of teamwork in a number of fields, including advertising, scientific research, engineering design, architecture and ocean exploration. Through computer networking, scientists, engineers and technicians at different locations--often thousands of miles apart--can work on the same project at once. They can exchange ideas, try out different designs and test their results.
Examples? An engineering team can now design and try out a robot system, a new manufacturing(制造) process, or an entire factory before it is built. An architectural team can do the same with a building or a bridge. A medical team can simulate (模拟) a dangerous operation before performing it on a patient.
Of course, computer-assisted team effort doesn’t end with investigation and simulation. It now usually continues into actual design, manufacturing and testing. “Computer–aided design (CAD) and computer–aided manufacture (CAM) are breaking down barriers between traditional design and manufacturing functions,” explains Dr. Prakash Rao, an engineering manager at General Electric. “Interdisciplinary(跨学科的) teams and engineers follow a product from concept to production. Everything is interconnected like a network.”
Sometimes a computer–aided effort can extend beyond production. A team that produces robots may use them to explore space and ocean depth. For high–technology team work, the future seems limitless.The underlined part “hold more” in paragraph 1 most probably means to .
| A．store more information | B．give more rights |
| C．make more regulations | D．have more chances |
According to the passage, the writer believes that .
| A．the concept of teamwork is still alive and no longer the same as the past |
| B．teamwork will be completely replaced by computers |
| C．teamwork requires more use of computers than that of human beings |
| D．high technology would make teamwork a thing of the past |
The examples given by the writer in Paragraph 4 serve .
| A．to explain his idea of new type of teamwork is reasonable |
| B．to prove high technology has a promising future |
| C．to show that it tends to be an end to teamwork soon |
| D．to indicate the computer--assisted team effort just means investigation . |
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Many fields of science and technology are now using computers effectively. |
| B．No details are given in the passage about barriers between traditional design and manufacturing functions. |
| C．Experts from different fields have to cooperate to develop a product from concept to production. |
| D．CAD and CAM aren’t breaking down barriers between traditional design and manufacturing functions. |
The Yukon Quest 1,000-mile International Sled Dog Race is a sled dog race run every February
between Fairbanks, Alaska, and Whitehorse, Yukon．Because of the harsh winter conditions, difficult trail, and the limited support that competitors are allowed, it is considered the “toughest race in the world”．
In the competition, first run in 1984, a dog team leader and a team of 6 to 14dogs race for 10 to 20days．The course follows the route of the historic 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, mail delivery, and transportation routes between Fairbanks, Dawson City, and Whitehorse．Players pack up to 250pounds of equipment and provisions for themselves and their dogs to survive between checkpoints．They are permitted to leave dogs at checkpoints and dog drops, but not to replace them．Sleds may not be replaced and players cannot accept help from non-racers except at Dawson City, the halfway mark．Ten checkpoints and four dog drops, some more than 200miles apart, lie along the trail．Dcotors are present at each to ensure the health and welfare of the dogs, give advice, and provide veterinary (兽医)care for dropped dogs．
The route runs on frozen rivers, over four mountain ranges, and through isolated northern villages．Racers cover 1,016miles or more．Temperatures commonly drop as low as −60°F, and winds can reach 50miles per hour at higher elevations．Sonny Lindner won the first race in 1984 from a field of 26teams．The fastest run took place in 2009, when Sebastian Sch nuelle finished after 9days, 23hours, and 20minutes．The 2009 competition also had the closest one-two finish, as Sch nuelle beat second-place Hugh Neff by just four minutes．The longest race time was in 1988, when Ty Halvorson took 20days, 8hours, and 29minutes to finish．To allow participation in both the Yukon Quest and the Iditarod, the 2010 Yukon Quest will begin in Fairbanks one week earlier than usual–on February 6．
60．What is the Yukon Quest particular in?
A．The difficulty the competition has to face．
B．The special team and the special weather．
C．The limitation of time and support in the run．
D．The way the competition is valued．
61．The competitors can do the following except ______．
A．pack less then 250 pounds of equipments and provisions
B．drop any dogs at the checkpoints
C．replace dogs which are worn out
D．get medical care for dogs in any checkpoint
62．Who keeps a new record in the Yukon Quest in terms of speed?
A．Sonny Lindner． B．Sebastian Schnuelle．C．Hugh Neff． D．Ty Halvorson．
63．The underlined word “harsh” in the first paragraph might most probably mean “______”．
A．happy B．important C．difficult D．unforgettable
When the research on the effect of electric fields on E．coli was begun in 1962, it was essential that a biologist–specifically, a microbiologist–contributed to the project．She does not want her name used because she did not become a scientific researcher for fame, but rather for the challenge of putting pieces of a scientific puzzle together．
As a girl, she was inspired by the work of great scientists: she read the story of the cure of malaria in the Panama Canal; she also read a biography of Madame Curie．These accounts inspired her to pursue a career in scientific research．After high school, she worked for the Michigan Department of Health, where she did research in biology and microbiology．There, her colleagues saw her talent and encouraged her to pursue science as a career．She went on to earn a bachelor’s degree from Michigan State University in 1948 in medical technology．
When she began working at Michigan State in the early 1960s,
she was balancing the demands of scientific research with the needs
of her family．At that time both of her children were in school．She
would work in the lab in the morning while they were at school,
go home to see them at lunch, return to the lab for the afternoon, go
home for dinner, and return to the lab in the evening, if necessary．
At that time, there were fewer women scientists working than
there are today, but she encountered several in her career．At the
Michigan Department of Health, many of her colleagues were women and, consequently, she did not feel isolated because of her gender–nor did she feel that she was treated differently because she was a woman．
While working at Michigan State, she also felt that she was treated with respect by her peers．Her colleagues, among them doctors and Ph．D．chemists, all treated her as an equal．On the whole, she believes that there is not a great deal of difference between men and women in science．
56．Why does the woman scientist refuse to let out her name?
A．Because she is a shy lady．
B．Because she doesn’t mind her fame．
C．Because she never takes pride in her research．
D．Because she never works for her fame．
57．What is the noble lady scientist really interested in?
A．The life stories of other women scientists．
B．Biology and microbiology．
C．The secret of the success of the other scientists．
D．The difference between men and women scientists．
58．Who helped and encouraged her to carry on her scientific research?
A．Her family and friends． B．Madame Curie．
C．Her colleagues and other scientists． D．Some of the officials．
59．What is the whole passage mainly about?
A．The life story of a famous woman scientist with great success．
B．A brief introduction about an unknown great woman scientist．
C．The new development of a special woman scientist．
D．The secret of an infamous woman scientist．
Television, which made its first serious appearance in 1939, did not become common until the early 1950s．Since then, millions of children have grown up in front of the set, and many people now worry about the effect that TV has on the young, and on society in general．Educators, psychologists, and crime experts wonder if television should be abolished（取消）．Many ordinary parents wish it had never been invented．Why are they so afraid? Is television as harmful as they think it is?
Like almost
anything else, television has its good and its bad sides．One should surely thank its inventors for the joy and interest that they have brought into the lives of the old, the sick, and the lonely -- all those who, without it, would have no pleasure and no window on the world.
In truth, television has
opened windows in everybody's life．No newspaper has ever reached so many people and shown so clearly what was happening right now in their own country and everywhere else．TV not only gives the news instantly, it also shows it in pictures more powerful than words．It can be said that TV has brought reality to the public．Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle, a flood, a fire, a crime, disasters of every sort on the screen.
Unfortunately, television's influence has been extremely harmful to the young．Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world．They want to imitate what they see．They do believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable．By the time they are out of high school, most young people have watched about 15,000 hours of television, and have seen about 18,000 killings or other acts of violence．All educators and psychologists agree that the "television generations" are more violent than their parents and grandparents,
According to the same experts, the young are also less patient．Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and entertaining, they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures; to read a book that requires thinking; to listen to a teacher who doesn't do funny things like the people on children's programs．And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten, fifteen or thirty minutes．That's the time it takes on the screen.
It is certain that television has deeply changed our lives and our society．It is certain that, along with its benefits, it has brought many serious problems．To these problems we must soon find a solution because, whether we like it or not, television is here to stay.First TV set was made ______.
| A．in 1939 | B．in 1950s | C．in 1940s | D．in 1919 |
Which of the following people have a view on TV different from the others?
| A．Educators． | B．TV producers． |
| C．Crime experts． | D．Psychologists. |
According to the author, who need TV most?
| A．Educators. | B．Crime experts. |
| C．The old and the lonely. | D．The children and their parents. |
We can conclude that ‘television generations’ are_______.
| A．lonely | B．more patient | C．more violent | D．more gentle |
People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years．The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals．They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill．Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves 
in France and Spain．No one knows why they were painted there．Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals．Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.
About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing．They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language．The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.
The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture-writing and pictures together．When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried．Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories．It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip．But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power．So they did not try to make their way of writing simple．The ordinary people could not understand it.
By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing．The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system．This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language．The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet．The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.
These 
days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures．But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams．We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work．Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because ______.
| A．the hunters wanted to see the pictures |
| B．the painters were animal lovers |
| C．the painters wanted to show imagination |
| D．the pictures were thought to be helpful |
The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that _______.
| A．the former was easy to write | B．there were fewer signs in the former |
| C．the former was easy to pronounce | D．each sign stood for only one sound |
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet. |
| B．The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories. |
C．The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian on e． |
| D．The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians. |
In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures ___________.
| A．should be made comprehensible | B．should be made interesting |
| C．are of much use in our life | D．have disappeared from our life |
To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling．Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as
possible．Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers．It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them．This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and 
then go about
making it available for purchase.
This concept（理念） does not imply that business is benevolent（慈善的） or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company．There are always two sides to every business transaction -- the firm and the customer -- and each must be satisfied before trade occurs．Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting to customers．A striking example of the importance of meeting to the consumer presented itself in mid - 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink．The non - acceptance of the new flavor by a significant part of the public brought about a prompt（果断的） restoration（恢复） of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside new．King Customer ruled!The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in fact, __________.
| A．the practice of turning goods into money |
| B．making goods available for purchase |
| C．the customer- centered approach |
| D．a form of persuasive salesmanship |
What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?
| A．The needs of the market． | B．The efficiency of production. |
| C．The satisfaction of the user． | D．The preferences of the dealer. |
According to the passage, the underlined part "to move as much of these goods as possible" （Para．1） means _________.
| A．to sell the largest possible amount of goods |
| B．to transport goods as efficiently as possible |
| C．to dispose of these goods in large quantities |
| D．to redesign these goods for large - scale production |
What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?
| A．Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people. |
| B．It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public. |
| C．Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please. |
| D．Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer. |