Grammar is the way a language works. People sometimes describe grammar as the “rules” of a language; but in fact no natural languages have rules. If we use the word “rules”, we believe that some people have made the rules first and now people speak the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages were started by people making sounds which gradually(渐渐地) changed into words, phrases, and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call grammar is simply a description(描述) of a language at a particular time.
Do we need to study grammar to learn a language? The answer is “No”. Many people in the world speak their mother language without having studied its grammar. Children start to speak before they even know the word “grammar”. But if you are serious about learning a foreign language, the long answer is “Yes, grammar can help you to learn a language more quickly.” It’s important to think of grammar as something that can help you, like a friend. When you understand the grammar of a language, you can understand many things yourself, without having to ask a teacher or look in a book.
So think of grammar as something good, something helpful, something that you can use to find your way like a signpost(路标) or a map.
| A．language is not a new game |
| B．language goes before grammar |
| C．rules are fixed by language |
| D．rules must be made to speak the language |
| A．grammar should be changed at a particular time |
| B．grammar must be simple to describe a language |
| C．languages were formed by people now and then |
| D．language is changing, and its grammar is changing too |
| A．we learn a foreign language |
| B．we ask someone to make rules |
| C．we speak our native language |
| D．we look up something in a book |
| A．Grammar Is the Rules of a Language |
| B．The Change of Language |
| C．Grammar Is Your Friend |
| D．How to Study Grammar |
I arrived at my mother's home for our Saturday family dinner．The smells of food flew over from the kitchen．Mother was pulling out quilt after quilt from the boxes，proudly showing me their beauties．I knew they were all made herself．She was preparing for a quilt show on TV．When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes，I noticed something at the bottom of one box．I pulled it out．"What's this？"I asked．
"Oh？"Mom said，"That's Mama's quilt．"
I spread the quilt．It looked as if a group of school children had made the pieces together．
"Grandmother made this？"I asked in surprise．My grandmother was a master at making quilts．This certainly didn't look like any of the quilts she had made．
"Yes，right before she died．I brought it home with me last year and made some changes，"
Mom said，"I'm still working on it．See，this is what I've done so far．"
I looked at it more closely．She had made a line straight（直的）．At the center of the quilt，she had stitched a piece of cloth with these words："My mother made many quilts．She didn't get all lines straight．But I think this is beautiful．I want to see it finished．Her last quilt．"
"Oh，this is so nice，Mom．"I said．I was sure now that by completing my grandmother's quilt，my mother was honoring her own mother．I realized that I held in my hands a family treasure．It started with the loving hands of one woman，and continued with the loving hands of another．
56．When the writer got home，his mother ．
A．was cooking dinner
B．was preparing for a quilt show
C．was watching TV
D．was changing her mama's quilt
57．How did the writer's mother deal with her mama's last quilt？
A．She took it to a TV show．
B．She brought it home and made some changes．
C．She gave it to her daughter as a family treasure．
D．She made some changes with a group of children．
58．The word"stitched"in the sixth paragraph probably means in Chinese．
A．画出
B．剪开
C．写下
D．缝上
59．From this passage we know the writer's grandmother ．
A．was highly thought of by her daughter
B．wasn't good at making quilts
C．was dead many years ago
D．lived with the writer before she died
60．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A．The writer wanted to know what their family treasure was．
B．The writer's mother wanted to learn how to make a beautiful quilt．
C．The writer's mother wanted to honor her own mama by finishing the quilt．
D．The writer's mother wanted to take her mama's quilts to the show．
The homestay（寄宿家庭） provides English language students with the good chance to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of an American home．
What to Expect
The host will provide places to live and meals．Rooms will be cleaned every day．And the host is there to offer help and advice on your physical and mental（精神的） health．
Living Area
Host families are mainly in Zones 2，3and 4．Most hosts don't live in Zone 1because much of central New York is trading center．Zones 3and 4often offer larger houses in uncrowded areas．But it's very convenient to travel to the center of New York by subway．
Meal Plans
It's important to know that few American families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast．Your breakfast mainly includes fruit juice，bread and coffee．Cheese，fruit and cold meat are not part of the breakfast．Dinners are usually made up of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert，fruit and coffee．
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend to visit you，you must ask your host for permission（许可）first，because some families feel uncomfortable when there are strangers at their home．
51．Which of the following will the host provide？
A．Room cleaning．
B．A swimming pool．
C．Free transport．
D．Traveling guide．
52．Most hosts would like to offer you for breakfast．
A．fruit juice，cheese and coffee
B．bread，fruit juice and coffee
C．fruit，fish and cold meat
D．fruit juice，dessert and vegetables
53．We can infer（推断） that is in central New York．
A．Zone1
B．Zone 2
C．Zone 3
D．Zone 4
54．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？
A．The hosts will care for your physical and mental health．
B．Few American families offer the traditional cooked breakfast．
C．You can't invite any friends to the house without asking the host．
D．Most of the rooms in Zone 4are smaller than those in Zone 2．
55．The passage is probably written for ．
A．hosts who want to receive foreign students
B．travelers planning to visit families in New York
C．English learners who want to live in American homes
D．foreigners hoping to study American culture．
Too many people want others to be their friends，but they don't give friendship back．That is why some friendships don't last very long．To have a friend，you must learn to be one．You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you．Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules：be honest，be generous（慷慨的），be understanding．
Honesty is where a good friendship starts．Friends must be able to hones'one another．
①如果你不说实话，人们通常都会识破．If a friend finds out that you haven't been hones'，you may lose your friend'．
Generosoity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow．You don't have to give your lunch money or your clothes，of course．Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy，like your hobbies and your interests．Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings．These can be very valuable to a friend．They tell your friend what is important to you ③________．
Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem．Something may go wrong at school．④Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve．Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem．So to be a friend，you must listen and understand．You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better．
②No two friendship are ever exactly alike．But all true friendships have three things in common．If you plan to keep your friends，you must practise honesty，generosity and understanding．
61．According to the passage，what should we learn to be a good friend？ To be honest，generous and understanding．
62．将文中①处划线句子翻译成英语：
63．将文中②处划线句子翻译成英语：
64．句型转换：将文中④处划线句子用另外一种方式表达．
easier to solve talking about the problem．
65．补全短文：从下面四个选项中，选出能放入文中③处划线部分的最佳选项．
A．By sharing them you may know your friend better．
B．By sharing them you help your friend know you better．
C．By sharing them you canunderstand each other better．
D．By sharing them you may solve your problem easier．
阅读理解阅读下列短文，56﹣60小题为选择题，从每篇短文后所给每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案．
Zhang Ming，a college student from Shandong，created a 9﹣page"WeChat guide"．With drawings and simple words，the step﹣by﹣step guide explains how to send messages，take pictures and make video calls．Zhang made the guide for his parents．"My parents are getting old．They need an easy way to learn how to use new technology．"He said．
Zhang's experience is common nowadays．Worldwide，40percent of parents learn about new technologies，including computers，mobile Internet and social media，from their children，according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2014．
Parents used to teach their kids about almost everything．Now for the first time，the teachers become the students，and the students turn into the teachers．
The change of roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology，says Zhou Xiaohong，a sociology professor from Nanjing University．Zhou said the Internet and other forms of media give children ways to get information besides from asking older generations（长辈）．Therefore，in the age of information，it's possible that children know more than their parents do．
According to the China Internet Network Information Center（CINIC），56.7percent of Internet users and 67.2percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30．The younger generation usually acts as a link between their family and the new environment．But when they teach their parents new technologies，parents can connect to the new world by themselves，noted Zhou．
In Zhang Ming's eyes，teaching his parents about WeChat brings him closer to his parents．"People can communicate more by using new technology．Why should we keep our parents out？"said Zhang．
56．According to the passage，Zhang's parents can't C with the"WeChat guide"．
A．make video calls
B．send messages
C．grab the red envelopes
D．take pictures
57．Why does children know more than their parents do nowadays？
A．Because parents teach the children about almost everything．
B．Because children can ask more older generations for help．
C．Because parents are getting old．
D．Because children can get more information by using new technoloies．
58．What does the underlined word"link"in paragraph 5mean？
A．teacher
B．connection
C．treasure
D．conversation
59．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
A．Zhang Ming's"We Chat guide"is made up of drawings and simple words．
B.40% of parents lean about new technologies from their children all over the world on 2014．
C.56.7% of social media users in China are under 30according to the CINIC．
D．Zhang Ming thinks that we should encourage our parents to use more new technolohies．
60．What's the best title of the passage？
A．Ways of using new technology
B．Kids can also teach parents
C．How parents connect to the world
D．Ways to get information．
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Surprising Camara WATCH out!A slingshot（弹弓） is aimed at you．But don't be afraid．It's Just a camara．It's called Slingshot Camara．The camara will catch your surprised look．Pull the rubberhand（橡皮筋）back and shoot．It takes a Picture．Two designers from South Korea made it． |
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Making Use of Smog SMOG（雾霾）is annoying．But what if it could be made into a diamond（钻石）？A"Smog Free Tower"will try to do that，although the diamonds will not be as real ones．Black particles（颗粒）in smog and diamonds are mostly carbon．A designer from the Netherlands made the tower． |
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New Flower Home WHEN plants get too big，you have to move them from a small flowerpot to a big one．Now，the special Growth Flowerpot can save you time and energy．It's made of a special materal in origami style．It gets bigger and bigger as the plant grows．It is from Belgium． |
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Easy Bike Parking PARKING a bike is not easy in big cities．Here comes the bicycle﹣parking tower．You only need to use a card and push a button．Then the tower can hold your bike in an empty place inside it．You don't even need to lock the bike． |
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Solar Charged Light YOU can put it in your pocket．But if it's inflated（充气），it turns into a light!This is LumnAID，a solar light that can be on for 16hours after recharging（充电） with just seven hours of sunlight．Two US students designed it． |
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51．From the passage above，we know that ．
A．a slingshot camara can catch one's surprised look by shooting．
B．the diamonds made from"Amog Free Tower"can be very expensive as real ones．
C．the designer of the bicycle﹣parking tower is from Belgium．
D．a LumnAID must be recharged with 16hours before using it．
52． might be the best gift for Mary，who loves plants but have little time on it．
A．A slingshot camara．
B．A growth flowerpot．
C．A bicycle﹣parking card．
D．A LumnAID．
53．What does the underlined word"that"in paragraph 2refer to？
A．Make the diamonds seem dear．
B．Make the smog become more annoying．
C．Make the diamonds from the tower．
D．Make the carbon particles in smog into diamonds．
54．Which of the following makes use of the power of nature？
A．Baicycle﹣prking Tower & LumnAID
B．Smog Free Tower & Slingshot Camara
C．Baicycle﹣prking Tower & Slingshot Camara
D．Smog Free Tower & LumnAID
55．What's the news above mainly about？
A．Safety．
B．Entertainment．
C．Invention．
D．Environment．
