There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. __
The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was equal to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.
The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader’s understanding. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.
What are the conditions in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is approached, success of communication is achieved.
It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.
| A．Thus, we can employ the word “reading” in two distinct senses. |
| B．Such communication between unequals must be possible. |
| C．We can get access to the content of those materials easily. |
| D．The writer must be “superior” to the reader in understanding. |
E.The writer should have a better communicating skill.
F.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading—entertainment.
G.Reading for entertainment is capable of increasing our understanding for information.
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
首先请阅读下列六个网站的相关介绍：
Friendster
This social networking website allows the users to make new friends, most often based on their preferences, and communicate with them. It also allows the users to share messages, videos, photos, etc. With more than a hundred million registered (注册的) users to its credit, Friendster is indeed one of the most popular social networking websites in the world.
B. Hi5
Hi5 is a social networking website which is quite popular, especially among youths. Other than helping you stay in touch with your friends, this website also allows you to play online games. More recently, Hi5 has developed into more of a social gaming website, with the intention of providing a platform for game developers.
C. Travellerspoint
Quite popular among travel and tourism enthusiasts, Travellerspoint allows its users to discuss their travel experiences through forums and blogs. Basically a travel guide, this website also allows its users to upload photos and maps of various tourist destinations in the world.
D. Twitter
What started out as microblogging website has quickly grown into a social messaging platform and one of the top social networks in the world. Twitter is a phenomenon that transcends (优于) social networking to provide an outlet for news, the buzz, and chat among many other uses.
E. Last.fm
Building itself as a social music site, Last.fm allows members to create their own radio station that learns what the person likes and recommends new music based on those interests. In addition to this, you can listen to the radio stations of friends and other Last.fm members.
F. LinkedIn
As one of the top social networking sites for business development, LinkedIn invites people to be “connections” instead of “friends”. LinkedIn is somewhat similar to a job search website which is built on a social networking platform. The best part of LinkedIn is that it allows people to develop more contacts in the same field, with the intention of spreading their business.
然后阅读下列人员的相关信息，把每个人与其感兴趣的网站匹配起来。Carl is a 40-year-old businessman. Because of the rapid development of his company, he has to hire five more experienced people to work for him.
Edward has a strong curiosity about the current affairs at home and abroad. Also, he likes to make what happens around him public. He is interested in the latest trend as well.
Daisy is a lover of music. For her, nothing is more pleasant than staying home listening to her favorite songs in her spare time.
Joseph is a college student majoring in computer science in New York University. He prefers to play various games on the Internet when he has no class at night.
Lily and her parents intend to visit places of interest in Beijing during the Spring Festival. Because it’s the first time for them to come to Beijing, they want to get some information from other travelers.
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (注意：E="AB;" F="AC;" G=AD)
The Winner’s Guide to Success
How do successful people think? What helps them to make success? To find out the answers, an American scholar recently visited some of the most successful people in America.
Be responsible for yourself
Sometimes you may want to blame others for your failure to get ahead. You’re saying, “You have more control over my life than I do.”
Live life “on purpose”
Almost all successful people live life “on purpose”— they are doing what they believe they should and want to do. When you live your life on purpose, you’ll try your best to do your job or study as well as you can. You love what you do and you can find pleasure in what you do.
Write a plan
It is very difficult trying to get what you want without a good plan.A good plan is like a map to you. Without this “map”, you may waste your time, money and also your energy; while with the “map” you’ll enjoy the “trip” and get what you want in the shortest possible time.
Be willing to pay the price
Nothing great is easy to get. So you must be ready to work hard — even harder than you have ever done. If you are not willing to pay the price, you won’t get anything valuable.
Never give upWhen you are doing something, you must tell yourself again and again: Giving up is worse than failure because failure can be the mother of success, but giving up means the death of hope.
Once an American writer was writing a novel. He could not have a good ending for his book until one night when he had a very good idea. He was so excited that he made a phone call to one of his best friends. “I’ve got a perfect idea,” he said, “I’ll put it down later and show it to you.” But he never did, because he died that night. His book was left without a perfect ending. So remember, do what you can right away. Never delay at all.
| A．In fact, when you say someone or something outside of yourself is stopping you from making success, you’re giving away your own power. |
| B．It is just like trying to drive through strange roads to a city far away. |
| C．Some people achieve success much later in life because they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work. |
| D．Here are some keys to success that they give. |
E. Make a decision
F. It seems to us that everyone knows this. But it is easier said than done.
G. Don’t delay
阅读下列新闻及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
A.FIFA agrees on heavy punishments to stamp out racism
ZURICH: Soccer’s world governing body FIFA agreed on Thursday to punish acts of racism with heavy punishments including taking away points and disqualification from competitions.
B. England face uphill task in the third test
MUMBAI: England will fight against all the probabilities to prevent a second straight series defeat when they face India in the third and final test starting on Saturday.
C. Disease-free chickens hit the market
GUANGZHOU: The first group of 200,000 live, quality-assured chickens, which wear colored plastic rings around their feet, hit Guangzhou’s markets on Friday, at a time when the threat of bird flu has kept chickens off many menus.
D. Football bosses deny Schweinsteiger betting report
BERLIN: German football chiefs on Thursday made a strong statement of the wrong saying that a newspaper says that Bayern Munich star Bastian Schweinsteiger was the international footballer involved in a betting.
E. Zhangs to lead Chinese team at the world championships
Figure skaters Zhang Dan and Zhang Hao, whose heroic silver was a high point of last month’s Turin Winter Olympics, are ready to make China into pairs more noticeable at the world championships next week in Calgary.
F. Ministry looks to prevent soil from ruin
The two square meters of land covered with black soil that were once the pride of farmer Lei Guangsheng are now a problem without an easy solution.
请阅读下面的信息，了解五位成员的兴趣。然后进行信息匹配。Tony is very interested in agriculture, so he wants to know about something that is happening in the countryside.
Collins focuses his attention on people’s health, so he would like to know what has happened in this field.
Jesse likes sports very much. Next week the winter holidays will begin and he wants to see some great events happening in the following week.
Jack takes great interest in collecting sportsmen’s personal information, especially about their bad behavior.
Harry is a football fan. He often watches football games invented in old England. Now he needs to know some decision made by the organization.
A. Attention must be paid to environmental factors.
B. Principles of curing cancers.
C. It will take long to find perfect cures.
D. An important discovery in the research.
E. The causative factor of cancer is very clear.
F. The survival rate differs among patients with various cancers.___________
“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. ” ____________
This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2020, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺) . ___________
With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from universe rays to radiation to diet may activate an inactive gene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous. ____________
The exact process involved is still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against universe rays.” ____________
The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. “First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells, which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can reduce its action. ”
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box.. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
| A. demonstrating B. devote C. productive D. slightly E. present F. addressing G. emotion H. happy I. significantly J. productivity ABD. completed |
In the past few decades, the popular belief in the area of organizational behavior and psychology has been that workers are better workers. However, new research at the University of Alberta shows that sad workers are more
.
Psychologist Dr. Robert Sinclair recently conducted a series of four studies the effects of experimentally induced ( 诱发的 ) happiness versus sadness on work
by asking the participants to build circuit boards. In the first study, sad people committed
few errors than did happy people, but there was no difference in the number of boards
.
In similar studies Sinclair found the same results along with the evidence that happy people might not as much energy to the task in order to maintain their happy moods ---- they considered that task as something that might detract from their
feelings.
These findings are not surprising, said Sinclair, since there has been a growing body of literature in the area of social psychology that sad moods lead to more calm lengthy intent consideration and often, more thought or accurate judgments. So it’s important for organizations to take into account the
of their employees. It seems it could be beneficial to creating situations that lead people to believe that performing their jobs will cause them to feel good.