Thepeoplebelowallwanttobookada-优题课

A． committed B． compared C． contact D． delegation

E． destructive F． humbleG． negotiate H． respelled

I． similarityJ． superiors K． witnessed

Some Very "American" Words Come from Chinese

Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago． They are most often from Cantonese （粤语） or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin． Let's start with them．

kowtow

The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do， or to obey someone with power in a way that seems （1）　　． It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau， which means "knock your head"． It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to （2）　　such as emperors， elders and leaders． In the case of emperors， the act required the person to touch their head to the ground． Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to "kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor． Soon after， the English word "kowtow" was born． In 1793， Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to （3）　　a trade agreement． The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor． As the story goes， Lord Macartney refused for his （4）　　to do more than bend their knees． He said that was all they were required to do for their own king．

It is not surprising， then， that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement． After that， critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China． Today， the usage has no connection to China， nor any specific political connection．

gung﹣ho

Another borrowed word that came about through （5）　　between two nations is gung﹣ho． In English， the word gung﹣ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something． The Chinese characters "gong" and "he" together mean "work together， cooperate．" The original term gongyehezuoshe means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives． The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development． Lt． Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China． He was impressed， saying "…all the soldiers （6）　　themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over．" He then began using the term gung﹣ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had （7）　　． In 1942， he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II． The men were often called the "Gung Ho Battalion．" From then， the word gung﹣ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Corps． Today， its meaning has no relation to the military．

typhoon

In English， a typhoon is a very powerful and （8）　　storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific． The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung﹣ho． And not all historical accounts are the same． But， according to the Merriam﹣webster New Book of Word Histories， the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called "touffons" or "tufans．" The word tufan or al﹣tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood． The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon． Later， when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea， Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung， which means "great wind．" The word's （9）　　to touffon is only by chance． The modern form of the word typhoon was influenced by the Cantonese but （10）　　to make it appear more Greek．

A． Clear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions．

B． Despite this， how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated．

C． Food， especially livestock， also lakes up a lot of room

D． In developed countries， vegetarianism would bring all sorts of environmental and health benefits．

E． No matter how much their carnivorous friends might deny it， vegetarians have a point： cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits．

F． Though a relatively small increase in agricultural land， this would more than make up for the loss of meat．

W hat would happen if the world suddenly went vegetarian？

People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons． Some do it to make animal suffering， others because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle． Still others are fans of sustainability or wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions．（1）　　And the more who make the switch， the more those perks would manifest on a global scale．

Jarvis and other experts at Colombia's International Centre for Tropical Agriculture carried out researches to see what might happen if meat dropped off the planet's menu overnight．

First they examined climate change． Food production accounts for one﹣quarter to one﹣third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide， and the worst of responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry．（2）　　In the US， for example， an average family of four emits more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars but it is cars， not steaks， that regularly come up in discussions about global warming．

（3）　　Of the world's approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land， 68% is used for livestock． Should we all go vegetarian， ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland （牧场） to the restoration of grasslands and forests， which would capture carbon and further alleviate climate change．

The remaining 10 to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply．（4）　　That's because one﹣third of the land currently used for crops is dedicated to producing food for livestock not for humans．

A． suspected B． fortunately C． invasions D． inevitable E． accustomed F． unreliable

G． features H． acknowledged I． inclusion J． transferred K． instantly

The iPhone X， Apple's new smart phone， is equipped with facial recognition．（1）　　， its scanner can unlock the system． It requires no buttons to be pressed， being always ready to read your face． Android users can expect similar （2）　　as well．

For the millions of people who will soon depend on facial recognition to check their email， send a text or make a call， it will be quick， easy and pretty "cool" to use． However， as we grow （3）　　to the technology， we cannot become numb to the problems that come with it．

Facial recognition is already used everywhere． In China， police use the technology to identify people who jaywalk （乱穿马路）． In the United State， more than half of all adults are in a facial recognition database that can be used for criminal investigation． Governments， however， are not the only users of facial recognition． Retailers （零售商） use the technology in their stores to identify （4）　　shoplifters． One social media app in Russia allows strangers to find out who you are just by taking a photo of you．

However， different users of facial recognition produce different levels of accuracy． Camera distance， lighting， facial pose all affect the accuracy． Officials at the New York Police Department， for example， have （5）　　at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system． If the iPhone's new system is similarly （6）　　， no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information．（7）　　， it probably won't be． But for many of the systems elsewhere， mistakes and （8）　　of privacy might be unavoidable．

As the smart phone of choice for many users， the iPhone's （9）　　of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere． However， even as we choose to explore the convenience facial recognition might offer， we should also be suspicious of the many ways it can be used． Facial recognition may well be （10）　　． Its risks need not be!

Before there was the written word， there was the language of dance． Dance expresses love and hate， joy and sorrow， life and death， and everything else in between．

（1）　　We dance from Florida to Alaska， from north to south and sea to sea． we dance at weddings， birthdays， office parties and just to fill the time．

"I adore dancing，" says Lester Bridges， the owner of a dance studio in Iowa． "I can′t imagine doing anything else with my life．" Bridges runs dance classes for all ages． "Teaching dancing is wonderful．（2）　　It's great to watch them． For many of them， it's a way of meeting people and having a social life．"

（3）　　"I can tell you about one young couple，" says Bridges．" They're learning to traditional dances． They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile．（4）　　"

So， do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better， calmer， healthier？ Andrea Hillier says， " Dance， like the pattern of a beating heart， is life． Even after all these years， I want to get better and better．（5）　　I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive．"

A．	So why do we dance？
B．	Dance in the U．S． is everywhere．
C．	If you like dancing outdoors， come to America．
D．	My older students say it makes them feel young．
E．	I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired．
F．	Dancing seems to change their feeling completely．
G．	They stayed up all night long singing and dancing．

Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience． Of course， you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood． The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should．（1）　　

Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property（房产） neat， clean， and in good repair．（2）　　By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape， you will help to improve the look and feel of the area．

Second， take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously． When going for a walk， take along a small garbage bag．（3）　　This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area．

（4）　　If a neighbor is going to be out of town， offer to collect mail and newspapers． If a neighbor suffers an illness， offer to do the grocery shopping． Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable， while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor．

（5）　　By following the basic rules of respecting others， taking care of what belongs to you， and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general， you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates．

A．	In general， keep an eye on their property while they are gone．
B．	A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways．
C．	Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior．
D．	Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping．
E．	Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car， pick it up．
F．	People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting．
G．	Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly．