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A surprising new research suggests it can actually be good to feel bad at work, and that feeling good in the workplace can lead to negative outcomes.
The study of emotions in the workplace, edited by University of Liverpool researchers Dr. Lindebaum and Peter Jordan, is the topic of a Special Issue of the journal ‘Human Relations’.    They found that the common belief that being positive in the workplace produces positive outcomes, while negative emotions lead to negative outcomes, may be in need for reconsideration. This is partly due to this belief failing to take into account the differences in working environment which affect outcomes.
For instance, anger does not always lead to negative outcomes and in some cases, anger can be considered a force for good through acting upon injustices. An employee, for example, could express anger constructively after a manager has treated a fellow worker unfairly. In such cases, anger can be useful. Likewise, being too positive in the workplace, rather than resulting in greater performance and productivity, can lead to self-satisfaction and being too shallow in one’s personality.
One article within the issue also finds that, within team work situation, negativity can have  a good effect, leading to fewer consensuses (共识) but a further discussion or debate on an important issue among workers, which improve team effect.
Lindebaum said, “The findings of the study published in this Special Issue challenge the common belief that in the workplace positive emotions bring about a positive outcome, and vice versa(反之亦然).”
He added, “This Special Issue adds to our knowledge and understanding of how the positive and negative dynamics (动态) affect the working environment and is certain to have practical application in the workplace for the years to come.”
Why did researchers of the study of emotions find that the common belief needs to be considered again?

A.Because different people hold different attitudes towards it.
B.Because it doesn’t consider the differences in real working environment.
C.Because it has been proved to be totally wrong in real working environment.
D.Because it doesn’t tell the truth.

What does the underlined word “Likewise” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.Similarly B.Differently
C.Extremely D.Occasionally

It can be inferred from what Lindebaum said in the last paragraph that ____.

A.the findings of the study will completely change people’s belief in the end
B.the findings of the study will not have any influence on the workplace
C.the findings of the study won’t be just a theory published in the journal
D.the findings of the study will make us work negatively in the future

What would be the best title for the passage?

A.To Be Positive About Your Work
B.To Be Negative About Your Work
C.Negativity at Work Probably Bringing About Good Things
D.People Challenging the Commonly-held Belief
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
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Not long ago, few little girls imagined they could grow up to become astronauts. For years in the United States, on1y men had that opportunity . In 1983, that changed. Sally Ride made history by becoming the first American woman to travel to space.
On Monday, Ride died at the age of 61, ‘‘Sally was a national hero and a powerful role model,”President Barack Obama said in a statement. “She inspired generations of young girls to reach for the stars.”
Ride became interested in space when she was a kid. “If you asked me when I was 12 whether I wanted to be an astronaut ,I’m sure I wou1d have said yes,” she said in a 2010 interview . “ But I didn’t even think about that as a possible career.”
After studying physics in college and graduate school, Ride got her chance. She was accepted into NASA’s astronaut training program in 1978, and then chosen to be the first American female in space. In 1983, she blasted into space aboard the Challenger shuttle.“There is no amusement park ride on the Earth that even comes so close,” she said.
Ride returned to space on the Challenger a second time in1984 . Between the two missions, she spent a total of 343 hours in orbit. After that, she remained involved with the space program and also worked to share her passion for science with kids. She co-authored six science books for children , and started her own science education company.
Ride knew that she he1d a unique place in history . “ I realized how important it was for a woman to break that barrier and open the door for other women to be able to do the same exciting things that the men had been doing,” she said.
Since Ride’s historic trip, more than 40 other American women have traveled to space. They all had Ride to thank for opening the door to the final frontier.
Sally Ride was regarded as a national hero because she___________ .

A.was the first American to travel to space
B.opened a door for women to find jobs suitable for them
C.became the first American female in space
D.was the first to travel on the Challenger

By saying ‘‘There is no amusement park ride on the Earth that even comes so close”, Ride really meant____________ .

A.she preferred a ride in an amusement park on the Earth
B.the trip to space was like that in an amusement park
C.she came close to an amusement park on the Earth
D.the trip to space was far more interesting than any ride on the Earth

The correct order of the following events that happened to Sally Ride is_____________
a. accepted into an astronaut training program
b. spent a total of 343 hours in orbit
c. co-authored six science books for children
d. traveled to space aboard the Challenger
e. studied physics in co11ege and graduate school

A.e-a-b-c-d B.a-d-b-c-e C.e-a-d-b-c D.e-a-b-d-c

The passage is most probably taken out of _________________ .

A.a novel B.a report C.a diary D.an essay

Dickens & London Exhibition
Date: 9 December, 2011---10 June, 2012
Location: Museum of London
Celebrate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Dickens in the first major UK exhibition for his Over 40 years.
By recreating the atmosphere of Victorian London through sound and projections. You’ll be taken on an unforgettable journe y to discover the city that inspired his writings.
Paintings, photograghs, costumes and objects will illustrate different themes that Dickens wrote into his works, while rarely seen manuscripts(手稿) including Bleak House and David Copperfield ---written
in the author’s own hand ---will offer clues to his creative genius.
During your visit you’ll discover how Dickens’ childhood experiences of London were introduced into the stories he wrote. The great social questions of the19th century will also be examined, all of which set the scene for Dickens’ greatest works.
Highlights of the exhibition will inc1ude an exciting audio-visual experience bringing to life the desk and chair where Dickens worked on his nove1s, and a special film shot by one of the UK’s leading documentary filmmakers.
Packages include afternoon entry (1:00 pm ---4:00 pm) to the exhibition plus overnight accommodation at a nearby hotel. If you wish to visit the exhibition the day after your hotel stay, p1ease call our reservation department. Call: 08712212717.
Book a trip online with us, with tickets to Dickens & London Exhibition ---afternoon entry and hotel accommodation included in the price. All taxes included. No credit card fees. No booking fees. No discount.
Price Information: a package costs an adult £180 and a child £90 ( 4---15 ) ; an afternoon entry costs an adult £28 and a child £14 ( 4---15 ).
During the visit, visitors can ___________________

A.read three Dickens’manuscripts,
B.experience a vivid picture of Victorian London
C.find the great social problems in London at present
D.sit at the desk where Dickens worked hard on his novels

What do we know about Dickens in this passage?

A.He used to be a filmmaker .
B.He lived a hard life in his childhood.
C.He wrote different themes into his works.
D.He wrote social violence into his books.

If we book a trip online, we have the following benefits EXCEPT that ___________ .

A.we can book it free of charge
B.we will pay none of the taxes
C.we will pay none of credit card fees
D.we will be given a discount

How much should a couple with one child at 10 and another at 18 pay if they have a package ?

A.£360 B.£540 C.£630 D.£720

A quarter of US adults say they read no books at all in the past year, according to an Associated Press-Ipsos survey. The typical person said that he / she read four books in the last year and, excluding those who had not read any books at all, the usual number of books read was seven.
Of those who did read, women and pensioners (领养老金者) were the most eager readers, and religious works and popular fiction were the top choices. The number of books read was nine books for women and five for men. The number also showed that those with college degrees read the most, and people aged 50 and over read more than those who are younger.
People from the West and Midwest are more likely to have read at least one book in the past year. Southerners who do read tend to read more books — mostly religious books and romance novels — than people from other regions.
Those who said they never attend religious services read nearly twice as many books as those who attend frequently, but the Bible and religious works were read by two thirds of the people in the survey, more than all the other categories. Popular fiction, histories, biographies and mysteries took up about half, while one in five read romance novels. Politics, poetry and classical literature were named by fewer than 5% of readers. More women than men read every major category of books except for history and biography books. Men tend to prefer non-fiction.
Book sales in the US have been flat in recent years and are expected to stay that way, which, experts think, results from competition from the Internet and other media, and the unsteady economy.
The passage mainly tells us ______.

A.the number of Americans who read books last year dropped
B.the book sales in the US have been dropping in recent years
C.the reasons why one in four Americans read no books last year
D.about region differences in the number and kind of books read last year

Which kind of Americans read the most last year according to the survey?

A.Older men with college degrees from the South.
B.Older women with college degrees from the South.
C.Younger educated men from the Midwest.
D.Younger educated women from the West.

What kind of books was read most according to the passage?

A.Religious works. B.Popular fiction.
C.Poetry. D.History.

Which of the following reasons why people read fewer books is true?
①. Competition from the Internet.
②. Competition from other media.
③. The unsteady economy.
④. People attend religious services
⑤. No time for reading.

A.①②③ B.②③⑤ C.①③⑤ D.②③④

One Monday morning, Paul and his classmates were in science laboratory for their practical chemistry lesson. The students were going to work in pairs to do an experiment. Before they began, the teacher gave them this description of the different stages of the experiment.
Stage 1: Prepare the equipment: a test tube, a crucible, a Bunsen burner and tongs.
Stage 2: Weigh 5 grams of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and put it in a crucible.
Stage 3: Heat 10 ml of hydrochloric acid (盐酸) in a test tube.
Stage 4: Pour the warm acid onto the baking soda and continue to heat the mixture.
Result: The acid reacts with the bicarbonate(碳酸氢盐)to form water, carbon dioxide gas and salt. The hotter the mixture, the quicker the reaction. Continue to heat the mixture until the water evaporates, leaving the salt in the crucible.
Paul and his partner followed the instructions and set up their equipment. Paul went to the cupboard to get a bottle of hydrochloric acid. He found that there was only one bottle in the cupboard so he took that. There was no label on the bottle and Paul didn’t check with the teacher if it was the right solution.
He measured the liquid and poured it into a test tube. Using tongs to hold the test tube, he heated it over the Bunsen burner. That’s when things started to go wrong. The liquid in the test tube was not hydrochloric acid. When it was heated, it formed a thick cloud of white gas. Soon the room was full of this strong smelling white gas.
All the students started coughing and their eyes hurt. The teacher immediately opened the windows and ordered the students to leave the laboratory at once. She realized that the liquid was a crylamide (丙烯酰胺) and that it is poisonous.
Fortunately, nobody was injured in the incident. However, it taught the students and the teacher a good lesson.
What lesson did the incident teach the students and the teacher?

A.Never have a bottle without a label in the chemistry lab!
B.Obey your teacher’s instructions in the Chemistry lab.
C.A crylamide can’t take the place of hydrochloric acid.
D.Finding something unusual happened, you have to leave the laboratory at once.

What substance were the students making in the experiment?

A.Water B.Carbon dioxide gas C.Salt D.Poisonous gas

Why did Paul make the mistake?

A.He went to the cupboard to get the bottle by himself.
B.He found that there was only one bottle in the cupboard so he took that.
C.There was no label on the bottle.
D.Paul didn’t check with the teacher that it was the right solution.

Why did the teacher send the students out of the classroom?

A.Becausethe room was full of this strong smelling white gas.
B.Because all the students started coughing and their eyes hurt.
C.Becausethe liquid was a crylamide and that it is poisonous.
D.Because someone was injured in the incident.

People who show confidence really seem to have it made. They seize more rewarding careers, keep good relationships, and just seem to do everything with more styles than the rest of us.
So what is the secret? There isn’t one. Self-confidence is a skill and habit that anyone can learn to develop. And although people who are raised in an encouraging environment with confident role models have a hard start in self-confidence development, we all can learn to become more confident at any age.
Try these simple tips for practising and increasing your self-confidence levels:
Dare to fail. Anybody who’s out there bravely performing is going to fail repeatedly. If you are not failing, you are not trying. So don’t take failure too hard or too personally. Just learn to deal with it and use its lessons to keep improving.
When in doubt, pretend you know what you are doing. Because, if you are confident of your abilities, by the time you have done it, you will be experienced.
Dress for success. You don’t have to be beautiful to be confident. Make the most of your own unique physical characters and weaken your disadvantages.
Listen to yourself. You are the only person who knows what’s right for you. Don’t put others’ opinions above your own inner voice.
Build a confident vocabulary. Stop putting yourself down and give up continually blaming your tiny weaknesses. Learn to show up your strong points and the world will learn to see and celebrate them with you.
Pass on the praise. Praise others for their virtues and strengths. This practice will not decrease your confidence, but help increase it.
The passage is written mainly __________.

A.to explain the definition of self-confidence
B.to explain the secret of self-confidence
C.to tell people how important self-confidence is
D.to tell people how to build self-confidence

The main idea of the sixth paragraph is __________.

A.to be confident means to have no disadvantages
B.taking full advantage of your physical characters will help you be confident
C.your unique characters will help you be confident and be successful
D.to be confident means to be beautiful

All the following are tips to increase your self-confidence level EXCEPT______.

A.not to be afraid of failure B.dress yourself properly
C.pretend to know everything D.make your advantages more obvious

_______ will weaken your self-confidence.

A.Praising others for their strong points
B.Always following others’ advice to do things
C.Giving up blaming your weaknesses
D.Believing in yourself

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