Over the years, Brian Wansink, director of the Food and Brand Lab at Cornell University, has studied such things as how far Americans typically drive to buy food, how many times we refill our plates at all-you-can-eat buffets and how we organize our kitchens. In the mid-2000s he famously coined the phrase “mindless eating”(and wrote a book by that name) to focus attention on all the bad dietary decisions we make without really thinking about them.
His new book, Slim by Design: Mindless Eating Solutions for Everyday Life, aims to change the design of restaurants, school lunchrooms, office cafeterias and homes so that the mindless choices we make will be more healthful ones. Some examples:
Keep kitchen counters clear. No visible snack food, no bread, no nuts--not even breakfast cereal. In Wansink’s research, “women who had even one box of breakfast cereal that was visible-anywhere in their kitchen--weighed 21 pounds more than their neighbor who didn’t.”
Trick yourself into drinking less wine. “We tend to focus on the height of what we pour and not the width, so we pour 12 percent less wine into taller wineglasses than we pour into wider wineglasses.” And the shape of the glass is not the only variable that affects how much we drink. Wansink writes: “Because red wine is easier to see than white wine, we pour 9 percent less red wine whenever we pour a glass.”
Wansink said his researchers also found that people ate less at restaurants when sat in well-lighted areas near windows and doors, than in darker areas or in the back. They ate less if they were offered a doggie bag, or to-go box, before they got their meals: apparently the idea of getting a “free” second meal outweighed the impulse(冲动) to clean their plates. Workers who frequently ate at their desks weighed 15.4 pounds less, on average, than those who didn’t. Fruits and vegetables kept on the top shelf of the refrigerator were eaten at higher rates than those on lower shelves.
The point, Wansink says, is to consider findings like those and change your environment or habits. Then you won’t have to think about it: You’ll just eat less.Why did Brian Wansink write Slim by Design: Mindless eating Solutions for Everyday Life?
| A．Because he wanted people to become thin. |
| B．Because he wished to change the design of public places. |
| C．Because he hoped to coin a new phase “mindless eating”. |
| D．Because he intended to help people make more healthful dietary decision. |
According to Wansink, which of the following affects the amount of wine we drink: ________.
| A．the shape of wineglasses |
| B．the color of wineglasses |
| C．the taste of wine |
| D．the quality of wine |
What’s the main idea of the passage?
| A．Changing environment or habits of eating will help you eat less. |
| B．Eating fruits and vegetables is better for your health. |
| C．Keeping your kitchen counter clear of any food will help make you thin. |
| D．Many people eat or drink too much without paying attention to it. |
When it comes to intelligence, human beings are the top dogs of the animal kingdom. But in recent years, scientists have been documenting surprising intelligence and emotional depth in animals ranging from honeybees to elephants. Here are some amazing examples.
Artistic Monkey Business
Jannet Schmid, director of the Little River Zoo in Norman, Oklahoma, learned a lot about the intelligence of capuchin monkeys. She and her busband adopted a young male, named Bailey. The capuchin particularly liked taking car rides, insisting that he insert the key and ride in the front passenger’s seat.
Now Bailey has become a devoted painter. He uses brushes to create colorful, abstract paintings, and prefers not to be disturbed.
Prairie Dog Sound
Through a variety of birdlike sounds, prairie dogs warn each other of approaching creatures. They demonstrated a surprisingly complex communication system. In his 25 years of study, Slobodchikoff, a professor of biology, has recorded them pronouncing ten nouns including hawk, deer and coyote, a number of adjectives to identify color, size and shape, and even some verbs to indicate speed.
In an ongoing study, Slobodchikoff learns that their brain contains a very extensive vocabulary. He once used his best prairie dog sound to say coyote, and they just looked at him in anger as if he had said a bad word.
Ivy League Parrot
One African grey parrot Alex is said to have the cognitive abilities of a five-year-old child. Alex can identify 50 different objects, seven colors, five shapes, quantities up to six, and the concepts of bigger, smaller, same and different.
Also Alex is considered to make reasoned decisions. During an experiment, researchers gave Alex different-colored blocks in sets of two, three and six. When asked which color group had five blocks, Alex replied, “None.” And he answered the same in repeated tests. Obviously, he interpreted the concept of “none” as an absence of quantity all on his own. That’s a lot like a high school student answering questions on a quiz show.
56.Which of the following is true?
A. Bailey is as clever as a child of five.
B. The prairie dog loves taking car rides.
C. The capuchin monkey is fond of painting.
D. Alex develops a communication system.
57.The underlined word “coyote” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A. a verb B. an animal C. a warning D. an adjective
58.The African grey parrot Alex can ________.
A. answer questions on a quiz show
B. understand the figure “7”
C. identify five colors and seven shapes
D. apply the concept of “none” correctly
59.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Animal communication B. Animal research
C. Animal intelligence D. Animal information
I went over to my grandmother’s house today and she didn’t have time for me. You see, the lady’s husband downstairs died and my Grandmother wanted to make some cookies for her. My grandmother did not analyze (分析) how the lady treated her, or if the lady needed any cookies, or even if the lady would like the cookies. She didn’t think how much the lady has done for her. She simply began baking.
My Grandmother turned 94 last week and this I believe is her secret to life. My grandmother is generous (慷慨) and hard-working in a way that is rare for our time. She lives by a simple belief: if someone needs your help, you help. Never mind all the analyzing and thinking whether the person deserves or appreciates the help. My grandmother doesn’t sit around thinking about who might be making use of her: she simply does what is needed.
At 94, she is busy in life. She is making a blanket for a new great grandchild, and worries that I don’t have enough kitchen towels for my home. She always brings soup to a sick neighbor, and teaches the new wife of her cousin (who is 88) how to cook Italian food.
My grandmother had every right to give up, but she didn’t — and amazingly life did bring her good things, like a husband with twinkling blue eyes who was much ahead of his time and believed that men should do an equal amount of cooking and cleaning in the home, three beautiful children (my father and two aunts), 22 grandchildren, and five great grandchildren. My grandmother is not afraid to give someone she barely knows a bowl of soup. She never keeps herself out of the world.
72. The reason why my grandmother made cookies for the lady downstairs is that ________.
A. she thought the lady was too busy
B. she would make them as thanks to her
C. she thought she should do something for the lady at the special time
D. they had had an agreement before
73. In the writer’s opinion, ________.
A. my grandmother has a secret way of living
B. my grandmother does everything on careful consideration
C. few people are as generous as my grandmother now
D. my grandmother will get something in return
74. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. My grandmother cares for her children even some strangers.
B. My grandfather does not treat women in an unfair way.
C. This is a family in which there are nearly 30 people now.
D. My grandmother never keeps everything for herself.
75. We may infer from the text that the writer ________.
A. thinks his grandmother is living a tired life
B. thinks his grandmother is doing what she should do
C. thinks his grandmother should not be so kind
D. is proud of his grandmother
Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea．People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East Indian Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.
At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea．Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added．She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few British drink tea without milk.
At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.
67．Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?
A. The British got expensive tea from India.
B. Tea reached Britain from Holland.
C．The British were the first people in Europe who drank tea.
D．It was not until the 17th century that the British had tea.
68．Tea became a popular drink in Britain_____________.
A．in eighteenth century B．in sixteenth century
C．in seventeenth century D．in the late seventeenth century
69．People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because_____________.
A．it tasted like milk
B．it tasted more pleasant
C．it became a popular drink
D．Madame de Sevigne was such a lady with great social influence that people tried
to copy the way she drank tea
70．We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly
due to the influence of ________.
A．a famous French lady B．the ancient Chinese
C．the upper social class D．people in Holland
71．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The history of tea drinking in Britain B．How tea became a popular drink in Britain
C．How the British got the habit of drinking tea D．How tea-time was born
In the 1880s, Mark Twain established and operated his own publishing firm. He also became interested in various investments, especially an elaborate typesetting machine. He lost almost $200,000 in investments in the machine between 1881 and 1894. Also, his publishing company declared bankruptcy (破产) in April 1894. Thus, in January 1895, Mark Twain found himself publicly shamed by his inability to pay his debts.
Mark Twain eventually recovered from his financial difficulties, through his continued writing and a successful lecture tour in 1895 and 1896. During this much-publicized tour, Twain lectured in such places as India, South Africa and Australia. By the time he returned, he had become an international hero. Twain enjoyed this attention, and his habits of smoking cigars or a pipe and wearing unconventional white suits contributed to his showy image. He also made use of his position as a public figure to criticize the US foreign policy.
Although he was recovering from his financial problems by 1898, Mark Twain had begun to experience tragedy in his personal life. Suzy, his oldest daughter, died of meningitis (脑膜炎) in 1896, while her parents and sister Clara were abroad. In 1903, Mark Twain sold the beloved house in Hartford, which had become too closely associated with Suzy’s death. His wife, Olivia, who had developed a heart condition, died on June 5, 1904. His youngest daughter, Jean, died on Dec. 24, 1909.
64. Which is not the reason why Mark Twain found himself in debt?
Because he devoted all his energy to his writings.
Because his publishing firm bankruptcy.
He lost almost $ 200 000 in investments in the machine between 1881 and 1894
Because he lost a large quantity of money in various investments.
65. How did Mark Twain pay off his debts?
A. By borrowing money from the bank.
B. By investing in foreign countries.
By writing articles and a successful lecture tour.
By printing his own articles and selling them for money.
66. It can be inferred that Mark Twain ________________.
hated smoking cigars
liked wearing black clothes
hated the US foreign policy at that time
hated giving lectures in the foreign countries
Festival activities program
TIME AND PLACE
October 24~30: 9:00 a.m. ~4:00p.m
Oct.25~29: 12:00 p.m~9:00 p.m.
At Kerry Centre Hotel
Classroom area
1) English Taster Lesson
2) Food health-keeping method presentation Computer area
3) E-Photography and Techno Music
4) Education Software Demonstration
Internet Training area
SINA and Capital on- Line will provide Internet training for the public. The focus(焦点) will be on browsing the Internet; how to find useful information on the web and how to design an elementary Web page
Foyer activity area
5) The students from Beijing TV University for the Aged will provide calligraphy (handwriting demonstration)
6) Children activities Lectures
21st Century, the educational weekly of China Daily, will invite experts from English- speaking countries to hold lectures from 18:30 to 20:30 on Oct. 27 to 29 and in the daytime on Oct. 30.
60. A 70 -year- old teacher wants to see how to use writing brush well. He should go to ________.
A. Classroom area B. Computer area
C. Internet Training area D. Foyer Activity area
61. A person who is interested in internet can go to ____________.
A. Computer area at 9 .m. Oct. 30
B. Internet Training area at 11 a. m. Oct. 24
C. Classroom area at 8:00 p. M. Oct. 26
D. Lectures at 9:00 p. m. Oct. 29
62. The students of English Department have a chance to learn English at __________.
A. 9:00~9:45 a .m. Oct. 27 B. 15:00~15:45 Oct. 30
C. 17:15~18:00 Oct. 28 D. 12:00~12:45 Oct. 25
63. The underlined word "browsing" in the passage probably means ____________.
A. seeing everywhere
B. going here and there
C. staring everywhere
D. reading here and there in book, etc