How words came into being is unknown. All we assume（推测）is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could talk with each other. Later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be put together to show those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, are called words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations-the things they bring up to our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style（文体）.Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music , and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common. We learn from the text that language might have begun with( ).
| A．expressions |
| B．actions |
| C．signs |
| D．sounds |
In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do?
| A．Use words skillfully . |
| B．Make musical speeches . |
| C．Learn poems by heart . |
| D．Associate with listeners |
It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual（知识的） opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.
| A．university researchers know little about the commercial world |
| B．there is little exchange between industry and academia |
| C．few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university |
| D．few university professors are willing to do industrial research |
The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.
| A．keeps someone from taking action |
| B．helps to move the traffic |
| C．attracts people’s attention |
| D．brings someone a financial burden |
What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
| A．Flexible work hours. |
| B．Her research interests. |
| C．Her preference for the lifestyle on campus. |
| D．Prospects of academic accomplishments. |
Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.
| A．do financially more rewarding work |
| B．raise his status in the academic world |
| C．enrich his experience in medical research |
| D．exploit better intellectual opportunities |
What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
| A．Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market. |
| B．Develop its students’ potential in research. |
| C．Help it to obtain financial support from industry. |
| D．Gear its research towards practical applications. |
Cosmo Books Ltd., 14, Woodman Road,
Hertford Estate, Two Bridges,
Rickmansworth, West Sussex.
Middx.
25th February
Dear sir,
Just over six months ago, I saw an advertisement in the Morning Mail for a set of the complete works of William Shakespeare. Your company, Cosmo books Ltd., offered this set ( eight books of plays and two books of poetry) at what was claimed to be a ‘remarkable’ price: fifteen pounds and fifty pence, including postage and packing. I had wanted a set of Shakespeare’s plays and poems for some time, and these books, in red imitation leather, looked particularly attractive; so I sent for them.
Two weeks later, the books arrived, together with a set of the complete works of Charles Dickens which I had not ordered. So I returned the Dickens books to you, with a cheque for fifteen pounds and fifty pence for the works of Shakespeare. Two more weeks passed. Then there arrived on my door step a second set of the works of Shakespeare, the same set of novels by Dickens and a six book set of the plays of Moliere, in French. Since I do not read French, these were of no use to me at all. However, I could not afford to post all these books back to you, so I wrote to you at the end of August of last year, instructing you to come and collect all the books that I did not want, and asking you not to send any other books until further notice.
You did not reply to that letter. Instead you sent me a bill for forty two pounds , and a set of the plays of Schiller, in German. Since then, a new set of books has arrived every two weeks, the works of Goethe, the poems of Milton, the plays of Strindberg; I hardly know what I have. The books are still all in their boxes, in the garage, and my car has to stand in the rain outside.
I have no room for any more books, and even if I read from now until the Last Judgement, I should not finish reading all the books that you have sent me.
Please send no more books, send no more bills, send no more angry letters demanding payment. Just send one large lorry and take all the books away, leaving me only with the one set of the complete works of Shakespeare for which I have paid.
Yours faithfully,
SIMON WALKERSimon Walker wrote the letter to ________
| A．complain about sending him books he had not ordered. |
| B．urge Cosmo Books Ltd. to take away the books he had not ordered. |
| C．laugh at Cosmo Books Ltd.. |
| D．advise readers not to order books from Cosmo Books Ltd.. |
The advertisement that Mr. Walker saw in the Morning Mail was for ____
| A．unlimited number of Cosmo Books. |
| B．a set of 10 books of the works of Shakespeare. |
| C．a book containing all the plays and poems of Shakespeare. |
| D．fifteen pounds and fifty pence. |
Mr. walker answered the advertisement because ________
| A．he wanted a set of Shakespeare’s works, and this set was cheap, and looked attractive. |
| B．he claimed that the books were being offered at a remarkable price. |
| C．he had ordered the set and had been waiting for them to come for some time. |
| D．the set he already had was not particularly attractive. |
Cosmo Books have _______
| A．sent bills for books that they have not sent. |
| B．continued to send books that Mr. Walker did not order. |
| C．still not sent Mr. Walker the books that he ordered. |
| D．made a gift to Mr. Walker of several sets of books. |
The tone of the letter is that of _______
| A．bitterness | B．respect | C．annoyance | D．humor |
When Elizabeth Kenny was a little girl, she fell off a horse and hurt her arm. Mrs. Kenny took her to a doctor in Toowoomba, Queensland. In the doctor’s, Elizabeth saw many bottles of medicine standing in a row. Since then, she wanted to be a nurse. As soon as she was old enough, Elizabeth was trained in a hospital. After working for some time, she made a surprising discovery. Among her patients were some children who had lost the use of their legs because of polio ( 小儿麻痹症) . Kenny tried putting hot cloth on their legs and washing them in a special way. The results were great. The children were able to use their legs again.
Most doctors would not believe that children could get well in such a simple way. Gradually, however, she became famous. From 1993 on people from many parts of the world brought their children to Australia to receive treatment by this wonderful nurse. She was invited to America where her methods were used in many hospitals. Money was collected to build Kenny foundations which were for polio patients. Kenny died in 1952, but she will long be remembered for her fight against polio.Toowoomba is the name of _____.
| A．a famous doctor | B．a kind of disease |
| C．an Australian city | D．an Australian school |
The children who suffered from polio ____.
| A．couldn’t walk | B．couldn‘t work | C．couldn’t speak | D．lost their legs |
What was Kenny‘s surprising discovery?
| A．there were so many polio patients around her. |
| B．Polio children could recover in a simple way. |
| C．Children suffering from polio had refused to use arms |
| D．Among the children some of them suffered from polio. |
The best title (标题) of the text is most likely to be ____.
| A．Methods of Treating Polio | B．Kenny Foundations for Children |
| C．Elizabeth Kenny, the Wonderful Nurse | D．Hospitals for Polio Patients |
There was once a farmer who lived near a road. It was not a busy road,but from time to time,cars passed the farm.
Near the farm gate, there was a large hole in the road. this hole was always full of water, and the drivers of the cars could not see how deep the hole was. They thought it was probably not deep.So when they drove into the hole, they could not drive out because it was so deep.
The farmer did not spend much time working on his farm. He spent most time watching the hole. Whenever a car drove into it, he would pull the car out with his tractor and he would charge the drivers for much more money than they had expected.
One day, a driver of a car said to him, "You must have made a lot of money pulling cars out of this hole night and day."
"Oh no," the farmer said, "I don’t pull cars out of the hole at night. At night I fill the hole with water."Many cars went into the hole because the drivers_____.
| A．were going too fast to stop their cars | B．did not see the hole ahead of them |
| C．did not know the hole was very deep | D．liked very much driving through water |
The drivers were _____ to pay the farmer for pulling their cars out of the hole.
| A．glad | B．forced | C．ready | D．anxious |
Why did the farmer fill the hole with water at night?
| A．He was busy working on the farm during the day. |
| B．He spent much time watching the hole by day. |
| C．Some cars had driven into the hole at night. |
| D．Nobody would be able to find the secret out. |
What did the writer think of the farmer?
| A．He was selfish(自私). | B．He was clever. |
| C．He was foolish. | D．He was kind. |
Everybody knows that words can carry messages. People communicate with words. Books, magazines, TV, radio and films all help us to communicate with others. They all help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about.
Do you think you can communicate without words? A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad. When you put up your hand in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask a question. You shake your head, and people know you are saying “No”. You nod and people know you are saying “Yes”.
Other things can also carry messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the wall of your school helps you to find the library. Signs with arrows on doors tell you where to go in or out. Have you ever noticed that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time?
People can communicate in many ways without words. For example, an artist can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, about the sea and many other things. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
| A．It is a most popular way for man to communicate with words. |
| B．Words are the only way for man to communicate. |
| C．Using radio is one of the ways for man to communicate. |
| D．TV can help people to know the world better. |
Besides words, which can also be used to express oneself?
| A．Sign language. | B．Smile. |
| C．Head shaking. | D．Nodding. |
Which of the following signs is usually used to show you the direction?
| A．Picture. | B．A number. |
| C．A kind of color. | D．An arrow. |
According to the passage, how does an artist often express himself?
| A．He writes articles. | B．He gives reports. |
| C．He sings songs. | D．He draws pictures. |