Communication Principles（2009．江苏)
How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions．and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong．
The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self．
Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．
More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement．You may have made a joke out of your rude statement．Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind．You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others．Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated．When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right．Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．
| Paragraph outline |
Supporting Details |
| Communication begins with the self |
●People are somewhat products of others’ treatment and messages． ●we are always |
| Communication |
●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles． ●Messages from others help you ●Needs and |
| Communication everywhere |
●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world． ●We are always ●We are constantly collecting meanings from others’ ●We are constantly |
| Communication cannot be reversed nor repeated |
●You may explain what you have done，but you cannot ●Yon may redo the conversation，but you |
[1] Have you ever been in the situation where you really didn’t believe what someone was saying? Did you have a sense that something didn’t ring true or a feeling that all was not right? Perhaps they were saying ‘‘Yes’’ yet their heads were shaking “No”．
[2] The difference between the 
words people speak and our understanding of them comes from non-verbal communication, otherwise known as “body language”. Body language includes body movements and gestures(1egs，arms，hands，head and body)，posture，muscle tension，eye contact，
skin coloring，even people’s breathing rate and sweat．Additionally，the tone of voice，the rate of speech and the pitch of the voice all add to the words that are being used．
[3] By developing your awareness of the signs and signals of body language，you can more easily understand other people，and more effectively communicate with them．There are sometimes subtle(微妙的)—and sometimes not so subtle—movements，gestures, facial expressions and even shifts in our whole bodies that indicate something is going on．We have ways of talking，walking，sitting and standing and they all say something about us，and whatever is happening on the inside can be reflected on the outside．
[4]By becoming more aware of this body language and understanding what it might mean，you can learn to read people more easily．This puts you in a better position to communicate effectively with them．What’s more, by increasing your understanding of others，you can also become more aware of the messages that you convey to them．
[5] There are times when we send mixed messages—we say one thing yet our body language reveals something different．This non-verbal language will affect how we act and react to others，and how they react to us．Therefore，in order to communicate more effectively，we should learn the signs and signals of body language correctly．What is the best title for the passage? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________________Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
Maybe their behaviors didn’t _____________________________ their words. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 3 words) ___________________________________________________________________________
What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to ? (no more than 9 words)
___________________________________________________________________________What should people do in order to communicate effectively with others ? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
[1] Have you ever been in the situation where you really didn’t believe what someone was saying? Did you have a sense that something didn’t ring true or a feeling that all was not right? Perhaps they were saying ‘‘Yes’’ yet their heads were shaking “No”．
[2] The difference between the 
words people speak and our understanding of them comes from non-verbal communication, otherwise known as “body language”. Body language includes body movements and gestures(1egs，arms，hands，head and body)，posture，muscle tension，eye contact，
skin coloring，even people’s breathing rate and sweat．Additionally，the tone of voice，the rate of speech and the pitch of the voice all add to the words that are being used．
[3] By developing your awareness of the signs and signals of body language，you can more easily understand other people，and more effectively communicate with them．There are sometimes subtle(微妙的)—and sometimes not so subtle—movements，gestures, facial expressions and even shifts in our whole bodies that indicate something is going on．We have ways of talking，walking，sitting and standing and they all say something about us，and whatever is happening on the inside can be reflected on the outside．
[4]By becoming more aware of this body language and understanding what it might mean，you can learn to read people more easily．This puts you in a better position to communicate effectively with them．What’s more, by increasing your understanding of others，you can also become more aware of the messages that you convey to them．
[5] There are times when we send mixed messages—we say one thing yet our body language reveals something different．This non-verbal language will affect how we act and react to others，and how they react to us．Therefore，in order to communicate more effectively，we should learn the signs and signals of body language correctly．What is the best title for the passage? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________________Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
Maybe their behaviors didn’t _____________________________ their words. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 3 words) ___________________________________________________________________________
What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to ? (no more than 9 words)
___________________________________________________________________________What should people do in order to communicate effectively with others ? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
[1] Have you ever been in the situation where you really didn’t believe what someone was saying? Did you have a sense that something didn’t ring true or a feeling that all was not right? Perhaps they were saying ‘‘Yes’’ yet their heads were shaking “No”．
[2] The difference between the 
words people speak and our understanding of them comes from non-verbal communication, otherwise known as “body language”. Body language includes body movements and gestures(1egs，arms，hands，head and body)，posture，muscle tension，eye contact，
skin coloring，even people’s breathing rate and sweat．Additionally，the tone of voice，the rate of speech and the pitch of the voice all add to the words that are being used．
[3] By developing your awareness of the signs and signals of body language，you can more easily understand other people，and more effectively communicate with them．There are sometimes subtle(微妙的)—and sometimes not so subtle—movements，gestures, facial expressions and even shifts in our whole bodies that indicate something is going on．We have ways of talking，walking，sitting and standing and they all say something about us，and whatever is happening on the inside can be reflected on the outside．
[4]By becoming more aware of this body language and understanding what it might mean，you can learn to read people more easily．This puts you in a better position to communicate effectively with them．What’s more, by increasing your understanding of others，you can also become more aware of the messages that you convey to them．
[5] There are times when we send mixed messages—we say one thing yet our body language reveals something different．This non-verbal language will affect how we act and react to others，and how they react to us．Therefore，in order to communicate more effectively，we should learn the signs and signals of body language correctly．What is the best title for the passage? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________________Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
Maybe their behaviors didn’t _____________________________ their words. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 3 words)[
___________________________________________________________________________[来What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to ? (no more than 9 words)
___________________________________________________________________________What should people do in order to communicate effectively with others ? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
[1]Have you ever been in the situation where you really didn’t believe what someone was saying? Did you have a sense that something didn’t ring true or a feeling that all was not right? Perhaps they were saying ‘‘Yes’’ yet their heads were shaking “No”．
[2]The difference between the 
words people speak and our understanding of comes from non-verbal communication, otherwise known as “body language”. Body language includes body movements and gestures(1egs，arms，hands，head and body)，posture，muscle tension，eye contact，
skin coloring，even people’s breathing rate and sweat．Additionally，the tone of voice，the rate of speech and the pitch of the voice all add to the words that are being used．
[3] By developing your awareness of the signs and signals of body language，you can more easily understand other people，and more effectively communicate with them．There are sometimes subtle(微妙的)—and sometimes not so subtle—movements，gestures, facial expressions and even shifts in our whole bodies that indicate something is going on．We have ways of talking，walking，sitting and standing and they all say something about us，and whatever is happening on the inside can be reflected on the outside．
[4]By becoming more aware of this body language and understanding what it might mean，you can learn to read people more easily．This puts you in a better position to communicate effectively with them．What’s more, by increasing your understanding of others，you can also become more aware of the messages that you convey to them．
[5] There are times when we send mixed messages—we say one thing yet our body language reveals something different．This non-verbal language will affect how we act and react to others，and how they react to us．Therefore，in order to communicate more effectively，we should learn the signs and signals of body language correctly．What is the best title for the passage? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________________Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
Maybe their behaviors didn’t _____________________________ their words. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
___________________________________________________________________________What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to ? (no more than 9 words)
___________________________________________________________________________What should people do in order to communicate effectively with others ? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。
Now I’d like to tell you I learn English. I often.
read English aloud and try my best to lsomething important.
by heart, which helps me remember it (轻易地)and form.
the good hof thinking in English. I listen a lot and.
often talk with others in English. this way, I have improved.
my spoken English. I ka diary in English every day and.
my written English is becoming better better. I also try.
my best to master the (必要的) grammar. By this means,.
I can(表达) myself in English correctly. That’s the way I.
have been learning English. I hope it will be hto you..