Some students get so nervous before a test, and they do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock has studied these highly anxious test-takers.
Sian Beilock:“They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about this exam is going to prevent
from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it
(actual) uses up attention and memory resources. I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam. ”
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes
(write) about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock:“ we think happens is when students put it down on paper, they think about the worst that could happen and they reassess the situation. They might realize it's not as hard as they might think it was before and, in fact, it
(prevent) these thoughts from popping up when they’re actually taking a test. ”
The (research) tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests.
the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly
write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
Now that the recession(经济衰退)is most likely over, it,s time to start looking at which companies, institutions, and individuals developed well during this unpleasant period. In the downturn that began in December 2007, the recession ruined the wealthiest consumer markets—the united States, Europe, Japan—there were very few safe shelters. But some countries, such as Peru, managed to grow right through the global recession. And some companies arranged their business so that they resisted the contraction and benefited from the trends affecting their industry. Some even managed to bring more business.
Chief among the Great Recession’s winners is McDonald,s. McDonald,s sales growth in 2008 was greater than in 2006 and 2007. While many restaurants reduced their business operation, it opened nearly 600 stores in 2008. And the chain has achieved same-store sales growth in each of 2009,s first seven months.
In 2008, after a decade of severely trading up to higher quality consumer goods and services, Americans began to trade down with a vengeance(报复). McDonald,s, which has 44 percent of its 32,000 stores in the United States, was set up to profit from trading down in two ways. First, in a recession, people eat out less and at home more frequently. And when they eat out, they eat at cheaper places. McDonald,s is so cheap, efficient, and convenient that it was a practical alternative to casual restaurants like Ruby Tuesday.
In the United States, McDonald,s may be a cheap source of calories in food. In other parts of the world, McDonald,s is an appealing brand, identified with middle-class, westernized consumerism. Much of the world, such as China, India, is still not developed for the Golden Arches. Coincidentally, these are the right places where its business has continued to grow during the global recession. While it faces operational challenges in markets, McDonald,s has benefited form a weakening dollar and rising incomes in Asia.
The question now for investors(投资者)is whether McDonald,s can survive the recovery. When people feel better-off, will they still stop by? The growth in same-store sales in the United States has come down a little in recent months. And there,s a rising amount of the population that has grown accustomed to eating healthier and better. Going forward, McDonald,s may face larger cultural barriers in the United States than in China.
64.From the passage we can infer that in the recession.
A.the developing countries grew wealthier
B.the rich countries became unable to recover
C.the Western companies suffered a great loss
D.the opportunities were brought as well as challenges
65.McDonald,s managed to remain popular in the recession mainly because of .
A.its good operation B.the American food culture
C.its low price and convenience D.the weak value of dollars
66.The underlined word “contraction” in Paragraph I means .
A.formal written agreement B.influence on industry
C.disappointing management D.process of reduced trade
67.What can be the best title for this passage?
A.Who Won the Recession
B.Who Traded down in the Recession
C.How Western Business Survived the Recession
D.How McDonald‘s Kept Growing after the Recession
Sri Lanka is known as the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean”, and it is easy to see why. This little country never fails to please visitors.
Arrive
The national airline is Sri Lankan Airlines, which flies from Colombo to London and a couple of other European cities. The country,s main airport is Colombo Bandaranaike, located 29km north of the capital city.
Best visiting-time
The best time to visit Sri Lanka’s southern beaches is from November to April. So by going early in the season, you’ll get the best weather. Also in November, Deepavali, known as “Diwali” or the “Festival of Lights”, is Sri Lanka,s main religious festival, celebrated throughout the country.
See
There is plenty to see in Sri Lanka. The ancient capital cities of Polonnaruwa and Anuradhapura are worth seeing, and so are many outstanding ruins. Other mustsees are the rock fortress (要塞) of Sigiriya, towering over the jungle as far as the eye can see, and Dambulla,s cave temple, the country,s largest and best preserved. Both are UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) Sites. Kandy is a picturesque town, which was the last stronghold of the Kandyan Kings. Today it is a cultural relic centre where old customs, arts, and crafts remain.
Do Sri Lanka owns about 1,600 km of beautiful palm-shaded beaches as well as warm, pure seas and colorful coral reefs. You can explore the underwater world, and surfing and diving are available too. Away from the shore, wildlife is a big draw for Sri Lanka, and Yala National Park is one of the best places in the word to see wild animals including leopards (豹) and elephants.
Taste
Sri Lanka is celebrated for its excellent food, with a particular emphasis on fresh fruit and vegetables on menus everywhere. Fish and seafood are a big part of the local diet.
Did you know? Sri Lanka is known for its tea, but it is also the world ’s largest producer and exporter of cinnamon(肉桂).
60. Which of the following is a cultural relic centre of Sri Lanka?
A. Kandy. B. Anuradhapura. C. Polonnaruwa. D. Colombo.
61.If you want to know something about “Diwali”, you’ d better go there in.
A. September. B. October. C. November. D. May.
62. We learn from the passage that Sri Lanka .
A. is in the Pacific Ocean B. is famous for its excellent food
C. is the world,s largest producer of tea D. has only flights to London
63. The author wrote the article in order to .
A. introduce the picturesque landscape of Sri Lanka
B. let readers know what is famous for in Sri Lanka
C. make Sri Lanka well known throughout the world
D. let people get more travel information about Sri Lanka
第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
How can we get rid of garbage? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?
These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that men might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source.
For a long time people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. But garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels. As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.
Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city's garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as the world produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!
But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns easily, such as food scraps and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. This separation process is normally costly. Another problem is that burning garbage can pollute the air.
Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.
56. What two problems can be solved by burning garbage?
A. The shortage of energy; Air pollution.
B. The shortage of energy; the shortage of empty land for holding garbage.
C. Air pollution; the shortage of empty land for holding garbage.
D. Air pollution; the shortage of fossil fuel.
57.Which of the following is NOT a result of burning garbage?
A. The heat produced is used to boil water.
B. The steam produced is used to make electricity.
C. The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels.
D. The steam produced is used to heat buildings.
58.According to the passage. Which of the following four groups of garbage is ready for burning?
A. food scraps and metals B. paper and glass
C. metals and glass D. food scraps and paper
59.What is the general tone of the passage?
A. Critical B. Indifferent C. Supportive D. Anxious
第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从36~55各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Two runners stand side by side at the starting line of a race. 36 look very strong and fast.37 one runner speeds ahead and wins the race.The other 38 .
Some athletes can reach great 39 such as winning an Olympic gold medal. Others never live up to their40 . What kind of preparation before a race or before other kinds of events makes the 41 ?
Everyone knows that athletes try to 42 their bodies. But research shows that strengthening the mind may be just as 43 . Careful study indicates that the best athletes win __44because they think they can win.
Positive thoughts seem to provide the edge for 45 in sports. People who say “I know I can do this” to themselves over and over 46 find that they have the advantage to win.On the other hand, people who think“I can,t win”often __47.
One procedure that helps many athletes is creating 48 in their mind. They are told to think of each jump they must make to 49 . Some use pictures that are more fanciful. One skater liked to think about a star bursting inside her, 50 her with energy. Another athlete who wanted to feel 51 pictured himself as a bird floating in the air.
Next time you want to do something well, try training your 52 to help you. Perhaps a teacher or other instructors can 53 you plan your training. If you imagine yourself doing better, you may soon see improvements in 54 you really can do. Positive thinking and pictures ___55in your mind can help you win!
36. A. Neither B. All C. Each D. Both
37. A. But B. So C. Or D. And
38. A. falls down B. leaves behind C. leaves alone D. falls behind
39. A. prizes B. goals C. medals D. places
40. A. promise B. name C. level D. ability
41. A. progress B. mistake C. achievement D. difference
42. A. determine B. expand C. strengthen D. extend
43. A. possible B. interesting C. difficult D. important
44. A. partly B. entirely C. completely D. mostly
45. A. failure B. luck C. success D. competition
46. A. often B. never C. hardly D. rarely
47. A. fail B. succeed C. understand D. expect
48. A. ideas B. thoughts C. wonders D. pictures
49. A. fail B. run C. win D. go
50. A. giving B. helping C. taking D. tiring
51. A. encouraged B. calm C. excited D. anxious
52. A. mind B. body C. brain D. imagination
53. A. help B. advise C. allow D. persuade
54. A. which B. that C. what D. how
55. A. made B. hung C. discovered D. created
--Could you send me an application for the TOEFL ?
--What’s your name and address ?
A.Yes, I could | B.Just a moment | C.That,s right | D.No problem |