ThesnowcapofMountKilimanjaro,f-优题课

D
College libraries are designed primarily for research and study. To explain its use, let us choose a research topic and follow the step-by-step procedure of looking up the material for the paper. Suppose your assignment is to write a paper on a novel called “The Sun Also Rises” by American writer Hemingway. The first step is to go to the main catalog. Many small drawers on the large wooden cabinets are lined up in alphabetical(字母的) order. Each of the drawers contains hundreds of alphabetical ordered cards. These cards are printed references to all material available in the library. Title cards are cataloged() by the first word of the book title, leaving out the articles like “a”, “an” and “the”. And then you get the cards for the books you need. On the upper left corner of each card is the call number. This is the numerical code that shows where the book is located in the library. The library has open and closed stacks. If your book is on the open stacks, you can go to the open-stack room, and according to the call number find it out by yourself. There are only about 30,000 books on o pen stacks, while most of the 800,000 books in our library are kept in closed stacks, which are accessible only to teachers and graduate students. For undergraduates like you, borrowing books from the closed stacks have to be done with the help of our librarian. In that case, you must fill out a call slip(纸条) for the book, showing the call number, author and title. You can get call slips on tables near the catalog cabinets. You show your call slip together with your library card to a librarian at the information desk. He or she will help you find the book out in the closed stacks.
53.What is the main purpose of this text?
A. To present readers a brief introduction to a college library.
B. To guide readers how to find books needed in a college library.
C. To tell readers how to fill out a call slip in a college library.
D. To show readers where to find books in a college library.
54.What letter you should look for on the title card for the book “The Old Man and the Sea” by the Hemingway?
A. The letter “t”. B. The letter “h”. C. The letter “s”. D. The letter “o”.
55.How are books arranged and shelved in the library?
A. By call numbers. B. By call slips of authors’ names.
C. In alphabetical order. D. By the first word of book title.
56.Suppose you are an undergraduate and you want to borrow a book from the closed stacks, which is the correct order to do it?
a. go to the main catalog b. show your call slip and library card
c. find out the call number d. fill out a call slip
e. get the cards for the books
A.a-b-e-d-c B. a-e-c-d-b C. b-a-c-d-e D. b-c-a-e-d

　　C
Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age were H.A.W. Tabor and his second wife, Elizabeth McCourt, better known as "Baby Doe". Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West. Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas. Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking, or perhaps he was attracted by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines. At any rate, a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. "A large amount of lead is sure to be found here." he said.
　　As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville’s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco. It was his custom to "grubstake" prospective（预期的） miners, in other words, to supply them with food and supplies, or"grub", while they looked for ore（矿石）, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered. He did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.
　　Finally one day in the year 1878, so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for "grub". Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. These were persistent（坚持的）, however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. "Oh help yourself. One more time won’t make any difference," He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. The two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig. After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. Tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the "Pittsburgh Mine," made $1,300, 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.
　　Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117,000.This turned out to be even more abundant than the Pittsburgh, producing $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time. Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor, and later became the governor of the state.
49. The word "grubstake" in paragraph 2 means __________ .
　A. to supply miners with food and supplies
　B. to open a general store
　C. to do one’s contribution to the development of the mine
　D. to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered
50.Tabor made his first fortune_________.
　A. by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings
　B. because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying
　C. by buying the shares of the other
　D. as a land speculator（投机商）
51. The underlying（潜在的）reason for Tabor’s successful life career is __________.
　 A. purely accidental
B. based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering
profitable mining site
C. through the help from his second wife
　　D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step
52. If this passage is the first part of an article, who might be introduced in the following part?
A. Tabor’s life.　　 B. Tabor’s second wife, Elizabeth McCourt.
　　C. Other colorful characters.　　 D. Tabor’s other careers.

第二部分阅读理解（共20小题。每小题2分；满分40分）
第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（ABC和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黒。
A
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing thedisputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard ofrefereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
41. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______.
A. slightly above average B. higher than in the 1998 World Cup
C. quite unexpected D. as high as in a standard match
42. The findings of the experiment show that _______.
A. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur
D. errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
43. The word "officials" (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to _______.
A. the researchers involved in the experiment
B. the inspectors of the football tournament
C. the referees of the football tournament
D. the observers at the site of the experiment
44. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A. The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B. Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C. A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D. An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

E
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards(外部奖赏), from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness(创造力), according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology".
"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards." A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore
failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
71．Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _____.
A．the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B．the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativity
C．the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D．the effects of external rewards on students' performance
72．What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
A．They have no doubts about them.
B．They have doubts about them.
C．They approve of them.
D．They avoid talking about them.
73．Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
A．Giving them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B．Giving them tasks which require inventiveness.
C．Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D．Giving them rewards they hope for.
74．.It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ______.
A．rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B．punishment is more effective than rewarding
C．failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D．discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
75．The phrase "token economies" (Sentence 1, Paragraph 5) probably refers to _____.
A．ways to develop economy
B．systems of rewarding students
C．approaches to solving problems
D．methods of improving performance

D
A lot of us lose life’s tough battles by starting a frontal(正面的)attack—when a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who hit a traffic jam on his way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about being late on the job. Although there was a good reason for Sam’s a being late—serious illness at home—he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn’t work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech.
Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room(更衣室); everyone was hard at work. Sam’s supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. “How do you do!” he said. “I’m Sam Maynard. I’m applying for a job. Which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?”
The room exploded in laughter. The supervisor clamped off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his job—with the only tool that could win, a laugh.
Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying “no”, criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, it’s the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance(忍受力) than people in any other forum.
67．Why was Sam late for his job?
A．Because he was ill.B．Because he got up late.
C．Because he was caught in a traffic jam. D．He was busy applying for a new job.
68.the main idea of this passage is
A．They have no doubts about them. B．They have doubts about them.
C．They approve of them.D．They avoid talking about them.
69．the phrase “clamped off “in paragraph 3 probably means trying to
A．hold back B．set off C．leave behind D．gave out
70．Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage?
A．Many lose life’s battles for they start a frontal attack.
B．It wasn’t the first time that Sam came late for his work
C．Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.
D．Humor is a very effective way of dealing with difficult situations.

A．concerned	B．casual
C．doubtful	D．angry