Computersareveryimportanttomod-优题课

The term “Industry 4.0” refers to the fourth industrial revolution. The first industrial revolution was the production of goods with machines like steam engines, which was followed by the second industrial revolution that introduced mass production with the help of electric power, followed by the digital revolution —the use of electronics and IT in production.
Industry 4.0 is a high-tech project, which promotes the computerization of manufacturing (制造业). The basic principle of Industry 4.0 is that by connecting machines, work pieces and systems, we are creating intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control each other automatically. The goal is the Smart Factory, which adapts well and uses resources efficiently as well as linking customers and business partners with great intelligence. Technological basis are the Internet systems and advanced factories. Experts believe that Industry 4.0 could be a reality in about 10 to 20 years.
So, what effects does this change have on the classic manufacturing? According to an expert, “it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everything is connected with everything else.” Networks and processes have so far been limited to one factory. But in the time of Industry 4.0, the boundaries (界限) of individual factories will most likely no longer exist. Instead, they will be lifted in order to inter-connect multiple factories or even geographical regions.
How is an Industry 4.0 factory different from a today’s factory? In current industry environment, providing high-end quality service or product with the least cost is the key to success. Factories are trying to increase their profit as much as possible. In the time of Industry 4.0, various data sources are available to provide worthwhile information about different aspects of the factory. Using data for understanding the current condition and checking faults and failures is a natural thing. The sharing of information around the clock and around the globe will enable these connected systems to manage themselves independently, work more efficiently and identify any errors quickly.
The good news is that Europe is much better prepared for the Industry 4.0 revolution than one might think. Europe will position itself as a pioneer in the fourth revolution. Industry 4.0 is a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government. Meanwhile, in the U.S., some companies are also working hard on it. But the success of industry depends on whether business and politics can work together. It’s not only politics that needs to help open the door for Industry 4.0. Every company is advised to seize the new digital opportunities.
What marks the coming of Industry 4.0?

A．Steam engines.	B．Mass production.
C．Use of electronics.	D．Intelligent networks.

Industry 4.0 will probably result in ________ in the world of manufacturing.

A．production limited to an individual factory

B．everything connected with everything else

C．networks and processes no longer existing

D．classic factories stopping their competition

What’s the meaning of the underlined part in Para. 4?

A．Sharing information of the world time.

B．Global news broadcast at any time.

C．Instant worldwide information exchange.

D．Spreading news widely on the hour.

According to the last paragraph, who is the most active in pushing Industry 4.0?

A．The European companies.	B．The American government.
C．The American companies.	D．The German government.

The writer’s attitude toward Industry 4.0 can best be described as ________.

A．supportive	B．negative
C．doubtful	D．cautious

The current Ebola (埃博拉病毒) outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3,069 people, including 1,552 dead, making it the largest outbreak in history. Ebola is a deadly virus —about 60 percent of people infected with it have died.
How is Ebola doing its harm?
When a person becomes infected with Ebola, the virus damages the body’s immune (免疫的) cells, which defend against infection, said a researcher at Lancaster University. But if a person’s immune system can stand up to this attack, then he is more likely to survive the disease.
The patients that survive it best are those who don’t get such a bad disadvantage in immune system. But if the body isn’t able to get rid of this attack, then the immune system becomes less able to regulate (调节) itself. This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control, leading to a drop in blood pressure, multi-organ failure and eventually death.
What are the common symptoms of the disease?
Fever. Headache. Joint and muscle aches. Weakness. Diarrhea. Vomiting. Stomach pain. Lack of appetite. Chills. Rash. Redness in the eyes. Hiccups. Cough. Sore throat. Chest pain. Difficult breathing or swallowing. Bleeding inside and outside of the body.
How to prevent the spread of Ebola?
Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients, specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient.
We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing, bedding, and needles used by them. Avoid areas where infections have been reported. For now, the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa, four cases in America and Europe. Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals, probably through the meat of primates(灵长类). If you’re in an area where the disease has been reported, avoid purchasing, eating, or handling wild game to stay on the safe side.
Wear protective medical clothing if you’re around infected patients. Extreme caution is necessary. Hospital workers must use masks, gloves, goggles, and gowns, which needed to be worn at all times if you’re around infected patients.
How Do People Survive Ebola?
Doctors don’t know for certain who will survive Ebola, and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease. Although in the minority, some people do recover from infection.
Our suggestions include:
Maintain your electrolytes (电解质) and body liquid. Sports drinks can be used. Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary. Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection. Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment. Quickly address any symptoms of infection. Be honest about when and where you’re feeling pain.
Ebola causes the death of a human being by ________.

A．attacking him with high fever

B．regulating his immune system

C．damaging his immune cells

D．harming all his organs directly

What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of Ebola?

A．Fever and chills.	B．Swallowing difficulty.
C．Loss of blood.	D．High blood pressure.

In order not to be infected by Ebola, we should _________.

A．have the clothing of the infected cleaned

B．avoid eating wild animals like monkeys

C．not travel to Africa, America or Europe

D．stay at home without going anywhere

It is true that ________.

A．a certain number of people survive Ebola

B．human has found a special cure for Ebola

C．oxygen can save infected people’s lives

D．low blood pressure is surely caused by Ebola

Ask anybody out there, what is the most important thing in his life – Fame, Fortune and Money, and there is a chance that he is going to say, money, because with that, fame and fortune comes quite easily. On the other hand, if you add “family” to these three choices given above, there is a chance that 99% of the people are going to put their family first, especially if they happen to be ladies!
The main reason is because nature has created a woman to be the cherisher and the nurturer (哺育者) of the family, while the man is the hunter and protector of his little family. That is the natural rule which has come down through thousands of years. Even if a person happens to be a comparatively worldly-wise person and has no idea of taking on the responsibility of a family, he has a picture of a tight little loving unit in his subconscious (潜意识).
They tell a story about a successful millionaire businessman who died and the whole city came to pay its respects. One of his business competitors, met the son and said, “We are really going to miss your father. You see, I knew your father well.” And the son replied, “You happen to be really lucky there, because I never did.” So, you might be an extremely successful person in your own right upon Wall Street, but if your little child fails to come running out to welcome his daddy at the end of the day to be swung up in his father’s arms and held there lovingly and protectively, you come in the “nothing” category in the business of life.
Many people are under the impression that taking on the responsibility of the family is quite tiresome, but they do not know what it takes to be a parent. It is very easy to be a biological father or a biological mother, but the real mother and the real father is that person who stays awake all night when the baby is teething, teaches him right from wrong, is there to hold him when he takes his first steps, and in every way shows that he is there to cherish (珍惜) and protect the little one from harm.
There was a man who did not believe in family, because of an unhappy childhood. But he found a faithful woman to love him unconditionally. The moment he picked up his little baby, he said, “Well son, welcome to the world! I am here to teach you what your mama has taught me, and we shall both protect you, when you need our help. I will teach you to be a good, just and fair man.”
The writer writes Para.1 to _________.

A．introduce the topic	B．raise a question
C．present the survey	D．make a comparison

What does the underlined expression “loving unit” ( Para.2) most probably refer to ?

A．Lover.

B．Family.

C．Child.

D．Life.

In the writer’s view, the millionaire businessman ________.

A．won respect from the whole city

B．was fortunate to have a loving son

C．achieved great success in his life

D．was a failure in the business of life

It can be inferred from the passage that _________.

A．men care little about their families

B．a happy childhood shapes a good man

C．family responsibility means a great deal

D．a faithful wife makes a family complete

What might be the title for the passage?

A．What More Could a Family Be About

B．How Should We Parent a Child

C．How to Take on Your Responsibility

D．What Contributes to One’s Success

For the rest of the week, Joe practiced kicking football hard, concentrating on his each kicking. Sometimes Joe hit the ball straight. Sometimes it went wide again. But it seemed that the more he believed he could do it, the easier it was.
“I’m not a joke now,” thought Joe. “Not a joke at all!” But a practice wasn’t like a real match and his boots were still not giving him enough power.
He should have told his mum and dad about it straight away but, of course, he didn’t. He was always shy to ask for things.
Finally, late on the night before the match, he could hold himself back no longer.
“Dad, I haven’t got any proper football boots …” he said.
“Ah,” said Dad, “I might be able to help you there.”
At the words, Joe was excited. New boots! He thought. “He’s got me some new boots! He must have got me them for Christmas,” thought Joe, “But now that I’m in an important match, he’s giving them to me early. Wonderful!”
Dad went upstairs. Joe excitedly tried to watch the football preview on TV. He wasn’t playing for Manchester United or Liverpool, of course, but he was part of it all now; part of the thrill. His legs twitched with every kick on the screen. His head shook with every centre. And all the time, his mind was racing ahead to his own great game the next morning, in his super new boots.
It was ages before his dad came downstairs again. He put a large pair of shiny black boots in front of Joe.
As he stared at them, the boy felt as if someone had poured ice into his brain. The boots were awful!
“Good, eh?” said his dad.
Joe found it hard to speak. He had never seen anything like them before.
They weren’t low-cut, soft or…. They had big, hard square toes, great big long studs and they were high at the ankle. They were his dad’s old rugby boots, polished up.
Joe was filled with disappointment. They had been good boots, quality boots. And they were his size. Joe’s feet were enormous for his age. But he could imagine what everyone at school would say.
“ …,” he finally gasped, “ should be exactly my size.”
“At least I won’t slip,” he thought, “the studs are like sharks’ teeth!” Then he couldn’t help thinking about those in Ashton’s windows, which he had been longing to get.
That night, he went to bed early but he didn’t sleep much because he was so terrified of being late. He woke at 1.17, 2.49, 3.37, 3.43, 4.55. The numbers jumped off the big face of his digital clock. Then 10.40!
Ahhh!!!
He jumped out of bed. He seized the clock. 6.03! 10.40 had been only a dream. At eight, breakfast time, it was raining like mad.
“Might get called off, Joe,” suggested his mum.
“Never, Mother. …will not be like cricket,” said his dad. “Will take a lot to stop football.”
Joe checked everything for the tenth time. He put his boots at the very bottom of his large bag, well out of sight. He had decided to put them on when nearly everyone had left the changing room. Then his classmates wouldn’t make fun of him. Soon, it was time to set out.
“Good luck!” said his mum, giving him a kiss.
His dad had his coat on, ready for his morning deliveries. “Want a lift to school?” he said. “I hope to get down to watch you when I’ve done the trip to Eccles.”
“Okay,” said Joe.
As Dad’s van carried him down the hill to school, Joe was thinking about the boots. If only … but no, he had to stop that kind of thinking. It doesn’t matter about the boots, he told himself.
From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that _____.

A．Joe had been confident about himself in playing football

B．Joe had been laughed at for his poor football skills

C．Joe had been playing football greatly

D．Joe had not looked forward to joining in the football game

You can read the disappointment of Joe from the following sentences except _____.

A．…, the boy felt as if someone had poured ice into his brain.

B．“ …,” he finally gasped, “should be exactly my size.”

C．He could imagine what everyone at school would say.

D．“At least I won’t slip,” he thought, “the studs are like sharks’ teeth!”

The night before the football match, how many times did Joe wake up before he jumped out of bed finally?

A．three

B．four

C．five

D．six

You can put “They” at the beginning of the sentence _____

A．“_____ might get called off, Joe,” suggested his mum.

B．“_____,” he finally gasped, “ should be exactly my size.”

C．“Never, Mother. _____ will not be like cricket,” said his dad.

D．“ _____will take a lot to stop football.”

rom the story, we can infer that Joe’s father is likely to be a(n) _____.

A．dentist

B．engineer

C．rugby player

D．milkman

What can be the best title of the story?

A．Joe’s football	B．Joe’s football team
C．Joe’s football boots	D．Joe’s dream

Many science fiction stories tell about explorers arriving in a new world. The explorers then use some kind of high-tech device to test for breathable air or signs of life. But here on Earth, science fiction is becoming reality through a new sampling technology called environmental DNA, or e-DNA for short. Scientists can use it to identify rare or invasive species, study bio-diversity or estimate fish populations with just a little air or water.
Ryan Kelly is an ecologist at the School of Marine and Environmental Affairs at the University of Washington in Seattle. He works in a laboratory there with other researchers. They study the genetic material released by living creatures. “Essentially we can take a sample of soil or air — and in our case — water, and we can sequence（to arrange the order of genes）the DNA out of it and tell you what is there.”
Ryan Kelly says he and his research team are studying water samples collected from Puget Sound. He says the cost of gene sequencing has “been reduced greatly in recent years.” That makes DNA testing more widely available.
Environmental DNA can be used in two ways. One is to identify the creatures that live in a certain place. The other is to confirm the presence or lack of a specific creature.
Caren Goldberg heads the new e-DNA lab at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. She is one of the first biologists in the northwestern United States to take the technology from the testing phase to actually using it.
“It is extremely useful for species that are really hard to find. I have spent many hours looking for species that I was pretty sure were there — looking under rocks, looking in water, doing all kinds of surveys.”
Caren Goldberg sees e-DNA as a way to get answers more efficiently, safely and with less destruction compared to traditional survey techniques. Until recently, scientists depended on diving deep, netting or using an electric current to temporarily catch fish.
“We’re absolutely at this point where proof-of-concept has been established. I don't think everyone necessarily is ready for it yet, but I think the majority of people are.”
This newer way to identify what lives in the environment is becoming popular around the world. Animal experts in Vietnam are using the e-DNA to find the last, wild Yangtze giant softshell turtles. One researcher on the Caribbean island of Trinidad is using the sampling technology to find endangered golden tree-frogs. And in Madagascar, it is being used to identify amphibian diseases.
Ms. Goldberg has used e-DNA testing to confirm the local extinction, disappearance, of a leopard frog in the American state of Idaho. She has also been asked to document the spread of the New Zealand mud-snail in the state of Washington. The creature has been found in lakes and other waterways across the state.
Now, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management wants Caren Goldberg to look for the Columbia spotted frog in two other western states. The rare amphibian is a candidate for the federal government's threatened species list.
Scientists working with the technology say they do not expect robots to replace field biologists anytime soon. But the old-fashioned field work could soon be more targeted.
A related research goal is to show how long environmental DNA can last and how far it can travel in different environments.
Paragraph One is intended as _____ of the passage.

A．the main idea

B．the introduction of the topic

C．a supporting detail of the main idea

D．a contrast of the main idea

What has made E-DNA magic is that with E-DNA_____.

A．you are likely to find information about a species with a little air, water, or soil

B．some kind of high-tech device can be used to test for breathable air or signs of life

C．you are able to get answers more efficiently, safely though with more damage

D．the cost of gene sequencing has been reduced greatly in recent years.

So far, the technique of E-DNA has NOT helped scientists search for ______.

A．wild Yangtze giant soft-shell turtles

B．endangered golden tree-frogs

C．the local extinction of a leopard frog

D．the spread of the New Zealand mud-snail

Despites its advantage, we are still not sure of something about E-DNA. That is _____ .
A. the lasting time and the spreading area of E-DNA
B .the lasting time of E-DNA and too many species for E-DNA
C. too many candidates for E-DNA and the lasting time of E-DNA
D. robots and old-fashioned field work’s replacing E-DNA
The passage can be sorted as a(n) _____.

A．science fiction	B．experiment report
C．science report	D．bio-diversity discovery