The term, culture shock, describes the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. The feeling of culture shock generally sets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place.
We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or place. Often, the way that we lived before is not accepted as or considered as normal in the new place. Everything is different, for example, not speaking the language, not knowing how to use banking machines and so forth.
Although one can experience real pain from culture shock, it is also an opportunity for resetting one' s life objectives. It is a great opportunity for learning and acquiring new viewpoints. Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself.
Culture shock has many stages. The first stage is called the "honeymoon" stage. The new arrival may feel excited as everything is new.
In the second stage, a person may encounter some difficult times in daily life. For example, communication difficulties may occur such as not being understood. There may be feelings of discontent, anger, sadness, and feeling incompetence. This happens when a person is trying to adapt to a new culture. Transition (过渡) between the old methods and those of the new country is a difficult process and takes time to complete.
The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture. One may start to feel a certain psychological balance. The new arrival may start to have a feeling of direction and want to belong.
In the fourth stage, the person realizes that the new culture has good and bad things to offer. The person has a more solid feeling of belonging and starts to set goals for living.
The fifth stage is called the " re-entry shock". This occurs when a return to the
country of origin is made. One may find that things are no longer the same. For example, some of the newly acquired customs are not in use in the old culture.
Many factors (因素) contribute to the length and effects of culture shock. For example, the individual's state of mental health, type of personality, previous experiences, familiarity with the language, and level of education. So the five stages are present at different times and each person has their own way of reacting.
The main purpose of the passage is to________
| A．discuss and clarify | B．argue and advise |
| C．introduce and explain | D．compare and evaluate |
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits （短路） and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers _____.
| A．the damage caused by earthquakes |
| B．the rescue work after earthquakes |
| C．what to do about earthquakes |
| D．how to prevent earthquakes |
The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.
| A．easily broken | B．easily found |
| C．expensive | D．heavy |
To reduce the injury from the earthquake, items made of glass should be put _____.
| A．on cupboards |
| B．in the bedroom |
| C．on a lower surface |
| D．where children can’t reach them |
During the earthquake, people are advised to _____.
| A．go out the building at once |
| B．turn off power and gas immediately |
| C．take shelter under a tree |
| D．drive to a safe place |
What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris?
| A．Cover their mouth with a handkerchief. |
| B．Tap on a pipe or wall for help. |
| C．Use a whistle for help. |
| D．Light a fire for help. |
When a rabbit sees something dangerous, it runs away. Its tail moves up and down as it runs. When other rabbits see this tail moving up and down, they run too. They know that there is danger. The rabbit has told them something without making a sound. It has given them a signal（信号）.
Many other animals use this kind of language. When a bee has found some food, it goes back to its home. It cannot tell the other bees where the food is by speaking to them, but it does a little dance in the air. This tells the bees where the food is.
Some animals say things by making sounds. A dog barks, for instance, when a stranger comes near. A cat purrs （咕噜咕噜） when pleased. Some birds make several different sounds, each with its own meaning.
But human beings have something that no animal has ---a large number of words which have the meanings of things, actions, feelings or ideas. We are able to give each other information, to tell or inform other people what is in our mind or how we feel. By writing words down we can remind （提醒）ourselves of the things that have happened, or send messages to people far away. No animals can do this. No animals have the wonderful power of language.
No one knows how man learned to make words. Somehow he learned to make them. As centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language.
People living in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world. A very large English dictionary, for example, contains four or five hundred thousand words. But we don not know all these. The words we know are called vocabulary. We should try to make our vocabulary larger. Read as many books as possible. When we meet a new word, look it up in the dictionary. A dictionary is the most useful book.A rabbit moves its tail up and down in order to __________.
| A．tell other rabbits where the food is |
| B．warn other rabbit of danger |
| C．make itself look strong |
| D．help itself to run fast |
A dog can tell something by _________.
| A．singing | B．dancing | C．jumping | D．barking |
Only human beings are able to ______.
| A．give others information |
| B．tell others how they feel |
| C．express their feelings with words |
| D．make different sounds, each with its own meaning |
The underlined word “contain” in Paragraph 6 probably means ______.
| A．covers | B．checks | C．changes | D．catches |
According to the passage, how can we make our vocabulary larger?
| A．By talking much to others |
| B．By learning more languages |
| C．By looking up any word in a dictionary |
| D．By doing as much reading as possible |
Beach volleyball （沙滩排球）is one of those sports that can be an exciting game to play and watch. It’s really easy, and all you need is sand, a net and a group of people, of any age or fitness level, who want to have fun.
Beach volleyball can be played with as few as two people in each team, making a total of four people. However, if you are less skilled and experienced in the game, it will be easier to play with a larger team. The more players you have, the less ground each person will be responsible for covering and the more time they will have to recover between shots. If you only have a few players, each of you will get a lot of running for the ball after each volley (截球). If you are looking for a relaxing, fun, low-key experience, choose larger teams.
Beach volleyball is similar to regular volleyball in its rules. However, even experienced volleyball players do not realize how much more difficult it is to run and jump on sand. Since it is harder to move quickly on sand than a hard surface, play will be much slower than regular volleyball on a court. When an athlete trains for beach volleyball, he will focus on building lower body strength（力量）as well as upper body strength. Strengthening his legs is extremely important. This improves the player’s ability to move quickly and accurately on sand despite the resistance. The ability to jump high and land without injury is necessary for beach volleyball players.
Whether you are in it for the competition, or just to have a great time with your friends, beach volleyball can be extremely exciting and fun. You may start out with friends and may soon fall in love with the sport.When playing beach volleyball, in which of the following situation will you feel most relaxed?
| A．Playing in a 2-person team. |
| B．Playing in a 4-person team. |
| C．Playing in a 6-person team. |
| D．Playing in an 11-person team. |
We can infer from Paragraph 3 that ______.
| A．experienced volleyball players know clearly it is hard to run and jump on sand |
| B．lower body strength is more important than upper body strength |
| C．a person must have strong legs if he wants to run and jump quickly on sand |
| D．the rules of beach volleyball are the same as those of regular volleyball |
Why is playing beach volleyball much slower than playing regular volleyball?
| A．Because it is not easy to move on sand. |
| B．Because beach volleyball has a larger court. |
| C．Because the teams of beach volleyball are larger. |
| D．Because beach volleyball players are not experienced. |
What does the author think of beach volleyball?
| A．It’s a difficult sport. |
| B．It’s an exciting and interesting sport. |
| C．It’s a sport which only a few people love. |
| D．It’s a sport which needs few skills. |
The passage mainly tell us ______
| A．the game of beach volleyball |
| B．how to become a good beach volleyball player |
| C．why beach volleyball is one of the exciting sports |
| D．what should be paid attention to when playing beach volleyball |
I know what you’re thinking: pizza? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the morning if you want to.
I know lots of women who skip breakfast (不吃早餐), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don’t have time, others think they’re saving calories, still others just don’t like breakfast food.
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking, R.D. , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers --- it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it … you may save yourself some pre-bed-time calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.The word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means _______.
| A．food which is left after a meal |
| B．things left undone |
| C．meals made of vegetables |
| D．pizza topped with fruit |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry. |
| B．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast. |
| C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal. |
| D．Eating vegetables helps save energy. |
According to the last paragraph, it is important to _______.
| A．eat something for breakfast |
| B．be careful about what you eat |
| C．heat up food before eating it |
| D．eat calorie-controlled food |
The passage is written mainly for those _______.
| A．who go to work early | B．who want to lose weight |
| C．who stay up late | D．who eat before sleep |
Which of the following statements is true?
| A．Skipping breakfast can help you lose weight. |
| B．The author always has leftovers for breakfast. |
| C．Not eating breakfast can save you 300 to 400 calories. |
| D．Some women believe that they can save calories by skipping breakfast. |
信息匹配 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先请阅读下列书籍的封面及基本信息：
A. How to do just about anything on a computer
Make the most of your computer with this easy-to-follow guide packed with hundreds of valuable tips, practical projects, and problem-solving pointers. Organized in four sections, the book takes you from your initial computer set-up to creating your own iTunes account. Each chapter follows a similar step-by-step illustrated format so you will always feel as if you have an instructor at your side.
B. A Gate at the Stairs
"A Gate at the Stairs" is writer Lorrie Moore's first book in over ten years. It takes place in 2001 shortly after the terrorist attacks on America. It tells about a young girl named Tassie who attends college in the Midwest. She takes a job as a babysitter for a woman and her husband who have adopted a child of mixed race. It is a funny, sad and emotional story about marriage, race, family, terrorism and war.
C. The Magicians and The Magic King
Take one part Harry Potter, another part The Chronicles of Narnia, plus some new parts all the author’s own, season them liberally with adult themes — these are definitely not books for children — and you have this most readable, imaginative pair from author Grossman. Quentin Coldwater passes the entrance exam for Brakebills magic college and learns to master the art thereof, while also learning that “Fillory,” the fantasy world of his favorite book series as a child, is real. But there are demons within and without, and the life of magic and adventure isn’t always a happy one.
D. Bear
Few animals are as closely associated with humans as bears. Tracing the evolution of the bear family, the author discusses extinct types, such as the cave bear and the giant short-faced bear, as well as describing the eight species that exist. It explores the bear-human relationship and how human perceptions of bears have changed over time. Drawing from cultures around the world, it discusses the various legends and myths, including the ceremonies and taboos that surround hunting, killing and eating bears. "Bear" will appeal to all those interested in the past, present and future of these extraordinary creatures.
E. Cutting for Stone
"Cutting for Stone" was written by the medical doctor and writer Abraham Verghese. It is a powerful story about twin brothers born in a Catholic hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Their mother, an Indian nurse at the hospital, dies in childbirth. Their father, a British doctor, flees as soon as they are born. The brothers are raised by two Indian doctors who live at the hospital. One brother later moves to the United States. This is a story about the extremes of love, family, and medicine.
F. You Can't Teach Until Everyone is Listening
This book offers six simple, practical, and doable steps for managing your classroom! This concise guide shows teachers how to prevent misbehaviors—rather than react to them—and emphasizes the importance of: Establishing your role as a proactive classroom facilitator; creating a safe environment for learning; and, establishing a relationship of trust with your students. "You Can't Teach Until Everyone is Listening" is meant to strengthen every teacher's confidence and effectiveness in creating positive and productive classrooms and helping students to grow and learn to their greatest potential.
下面是一些读者的基本情况,请把相关读者和他们需要的书籍匹配起来。Zhang Ying is preparing for further study in the USA. Therefore, he is interested in reading some books about American life, including college life, family, cultural diversity and even terrorist attacks.
Charlie, who attends college in the Midwest, majors in medicine. He is fond of reading stories about family and love, especially those related to his future career.
Kate, who teaches children of mixed race in a primary school in the Midwest, finds it difficult to manage her class effectively. Now she is eager to find a book which helps improve her teaching.
Daisy is a nurse in an Indian hospital. She is an experienced nurse, but she is not skilled at using the computer. She wants to learn how to set up her computer, send and receive e-mail securely, share files, and scan documents.
Tired of reading magic novels like Harry Potter or The Chronicles of Narnia, Henry’s interest turns to animals that have a close relationship with humans, such as dogs, cats and even fierce animals.