阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
(2012年北京模拟)Employment practices often reflect the needs of employers several decades ago. Times have changed. And so too has the Canadian workforce. Yet many employment practices have not kept pace with this change. For example，some work environments and washrooms designed for able-bodied workers seldom accommodate people who use a wheelchair.
Modernizing these practices is what employment equality is about. For example，making sure work benches and washrooms are adapted for disabled people entering the workplace，paving the way for workers who become disabled on the job. By doing so，any given group of people－formerly discriminated against－now has access to better employment opportunities.
The objective，of course，is to make the workplace reflect Canadian society. However，this does not necessarily mean setting and enforcing quotas(实行配额)．Rather，it means identifying the barriers to employment and designing measures，with achievable goals and clear timetables，to remove them.
For example，according to the Canadian Union of Public Employees－Canada's largest union，it would be unrealistic in the short term to insist that because half of the working age population is women，that half of the employees of an engineering firm should be women. At this moment，there would not be enough qualified female engineers.
A reasonable numerical goal would be based on the number of women who actually are engineers(8%) and those who are studying to become engineers(25%)．A short term goal of 13% would be appropriate without running the risk of hiring unqualified people.
Equally important is to ensure people who have been disadvantaged the chance to become qualified for new opportunities. If aboriginal people(土著居民)，for example，can't qualify for certain jobs because they haven't had access to appropriate educational opportunities，then an employment equality program would have to address that problem with training programs.
Employment laws in this country cannot be considered displeasing if they guarantee all Canadians fair and equal access to the workforce.The passage is mainly about how to ________.
| A．modernize equipment for the disabled at work |
| B．achieve equality of employment opportunities |
| C．protect women's rights in employment |
| D．complete a job training program |
The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
| A．barriers |
| B．measures |
| C．goals |
| D．timetables |
The example of women shows that ________.
| A．only a small percentage of women engineers will get promoted |
| B．13% of the working age women should be hired |
| C．policy makers should adopt a practical and flexible approach |
| D．the quota of women for employment should be raised |
The underlined word “address” in Paragraph 6 probably means ________.
| A．put forward |
| B．run into |
| C．find out |
| D．deal with |
Nearly all the tourists who come to southeast France make a tour to Monaco(摩纳哥), too. Lying near the French-Italian border, Monaco is not part of France, but a separate principality(公国), though it is surrounded by its greatest neighbour.
Monaco became a principality in the 16th century after being owned by a family member of a certain Italian king. The French and Italians, however, soon came to “protect” it one after another, until 1861, when it became its own master again.
Facing the blue Mediterranean(地中海), Monaco is mainly made up of two cities, Monaco, where the palace of the prince(王子)stands, and Monte Carlo(蒙特卡洛), which is a wonderful place for tourists. Every year, around half a million people from all parts of the world come to Monaco, nearly 25 times as much as its population.
Believe it or not, Monaco has no soldiers or policemen of its own. Law and order is kept by French police, and French stands for it in its foreign affairs, even the money used in Monaco is franc, too. Monaco is .
| A．another name for Monte Carlo |
| B．mostly visited by French tourists |
| C．surrounded by France |
| D．more related to Italy than to France |
Monaco has a population of .
| A．over 20, 000 | B．20, 000 or so |
| C．more than 25, 000 | D．no more than 20, 000 |
Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．The national income of Monaco depends mainly on France. |
| B．Monaco is famous for having no soldiers or policemen of its own. |
| C．Monaco does not have a seat in the UN because it is too small a country. |
| D．Monte Carlo City seems more important for the existence of this principality. |
The Head of Monaco is .
| A．the King |
| B．the President of France |
| C．a member of the royal family |
| D．the Emperor |
Think of London and you will probably remember the bright red double-decker buses. Think of Thailand’s capital city, Bangkok, and the noisy tuk-tuks may come to mind. Think of San Francisco and you might see the city’s cable cars. 
Imagining what these cities would look like without those is difficult. They are symbols of these cities that make them different. However, these city symbols are not always so well loved by their city leaders. City leaders want what is best for their city, which often means the most modern transport.
In Bangkok, city leaders have banned(禁止)tuk-tuks because they consider them noisy and polluting. However, the ban has largely been unsuccessful as it has not changed Thai people’s love for the cheap tuk-tuks over taxis.
In London the city’s first ever mayor(市长)removed the red double-decker buses, which he thought were old fashioned. His plan worked, but Londoners were unhappy to lose the nice old buses they believed represented the best of their city. They made their unhappiness felt when the mayor came up for re-election. Most Londoners voted for his competitor, who promised to bring the bus back.
As for San Francisco, several cable cars are still in use but mainly as tourist attractions. They are too slow to be used for anything other than scenic trips.
City transport symbols may have a place in their city people’s hearts, but it seems they are increasingly out of step with the modern world. As Londoners have proved, their continued life depends on people’s willingness to fight for their survival. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the first paragraph?
| A．To introduce some city transport symbols. |
| B．To explain why some cities are popular. |
| C．To talk about modern transport in some cities. |
| D．To attract more tourists to visit some cities. |
The London double-decker bus is returning mainly because .
| A．the new mayor loves it |
| B．Londoners fought for it |
| C．it is an improved transport |
| D．it is popular with tourists |
Which proves the old city transport symbols are not loved by city leaders?
| A．Only a few cable cars are still in use in San Francisco. |
| B．Bangkok city leaders tried to remove the cheap tuk-tuks. |
| C．The mayor who sold double-decker buses lost the re-election. |
| D．The new mayor will bring back improved double-decker buses. |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．Modern cities should remove old city transport symbols. |
| B．The writer thinks highly of the old city transport symbols. |
| C．Old city transport symbols face the problem of survival. |
| D．Tourist cities will lose their attraction without the symbols. |
A. The introduction of Paris
B. The culture of Paris
C. The population growth in Paris
D. The production of Paris
E. The education in Paris
F. The industries in ParisParis, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation’s population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision-making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation’s activities.
Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World WarⅡ, more and more immigrants arrived.
The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most important newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.
In the late 1980s about 4. 1 million pupils annually attended about 47, 000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5. 4 million students attended some 11, 200 secondary schools. Approximately 1. 2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.
Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation’s manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumers’ goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high technology industries also have become numerous since World WarⅡ. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.
The Cambodian government says more than 378 people died and hundreds more were injured in a stampede(踩踏)during the celebrations of the annual Water Festival late Monday in Phnom Penh. 
Less than 24 hours after the tragedy(悲剧), Cambodia’s most serious loss of life in decades(十年), the government founded an organization to investigate(调查)how so many died on what was meant to be one of the nation’s most joyous occasions.
Most of the victims(牺牲品)were young people in their teens and twenties. They were some of the estimated(估计)two million who had flooded to Phnom Penh for the Water Festival, which marks the end of the rainy season.
Most suffocated on the bridge, which thousands of people were using to leave Diamond Island, an entertainment(娱乐)area in the middle of the river. Others drowned(溺水)after jumping from the bridge into the water.
Buot Panha, 19, said shortly after 9: 30 on Monday evening he ended up trapped(围困)with his friends in the middle of the bridge, fighting to breathe while terrified people struggled all around him.
Being tall saved his life, since he could stretch(伸出)his neck to take in oxygen(氧气). Shorter people were unable to do that, he says, which may be why two-thirds of the victims were women.
He tried to help a woman who was trapped with two children near him. She was screaming for people to help. Being tall, Buot Panha grabbed(抓住)one child and pushed him above the crowd to help him breathe.
But then some of the young men were told to jump off the bridge into the river to make room. So he handed back the child, squirmed his way to the edge, and jumped.
Some like Buot Panha were fortunate, jumping into the river below and swimming for the shore. But many simply could not move, and died where they lay.
Buot Panha says his first Water Festival will be his last. He vows(发誓)never to come back. The passage is mainly about .
| A．Water Festival celebrations |
| B．a stampede in Cambodia |
| C．a teenager, Buot Panha |
| D．a woman and her children |
What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
| A．It is the biggest tragedy in decades in Cambodia. |
| B．It is the most serious loss of life in decades in Cambodia. |
| C．The government ordered an investigation. |
| D．Water Festival is Cambodia’s most joyous occasion. |
The underlined word “suffocated” (in Paragraph 4)probably means .
| A．breathed in |
| B．felt uncomfortable |
| C．died from too little oxygen |
| D．left in a hurry |
Which of the following is TRUE about Buot Panha according to the passage?
| A．His being tall saved him in the river. |
| B．He struggled through the crowd to save one child. |
| C．It was his first time to attend the Water Festival alone. |
| D．He will never come back to Phnom Penh for the Water Festival. |
Most tourist destinations around China are witnessing travel peaks during the eight-day Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays that run through Sunday. In Beijing, the Palace Museum, or the Forbidden City, attracted 182, 000 tourists on Tuesday, the biggest number on a single day, as millions of visitors arrived in the national capital. “We saw absolutely nothing but people’s heads. ”said Guo Zhijun, 42, of Henan province. “We wanted our 11-year-old son to learn something from the trip, but we only ended up very tired. ”
Earlier, from Sunday noon to midday Monday, garbage collected at Tian’ anmen Square in the heart of the city amounted to 7. 9 tons, a quarter more than that in the same period of last year.
In the eastern coastal city of Qingdao, its top five major tourist sites attracted more than 200, 000 visitors on Tuesday.
Yesterday, thousands of cars jammed two 20-kilometer mountain roads winding to and out of the Lushan Mountain scenic area in the eastern province of Jiangxi. The area, with about 3, 000 car parking spaces, was unable to contain at least 8, 000 inbound cars, said head of the Lushan Mountain public security bureau.
The Lushan Mountain tourism administration temporarily stopped selling entrance tickets to prevent the traffic from growing on Tuesday afternoon. Similar measures could be taken during the rest of the holidays, a police officer said.
Emergency measures have been taken at other scenic sites. Crowded visitors overwhelmed the capacity(承载量)of the cable cars at Huashan Mountain, in Shaanxi province, leaving tens of thousands of stuck at the peak late into Tuesday night. According to China Central Television, restless visitors demanded refunds from the tourism committee, and a lot of visitors had to give up and walk down the mountain.
Chen Li, deputy director of the Shaanxi Provincial Public Security Department, said on his micro blog that more than 300 policemen and government officials climbed up the mountain to help trapped visitors. Fearing that tourist sites might become too crowded, many people are staying at home, going shopping or making short suburban trips. A resident Mr. Wang in Nanchang, capital of Jiangxi, canceled long-distance travel plans after learning of heavy traffic on many highways during the first two days of the holidays. Instead, Mr. Wang, his wife and son went fishing in the suburbs before having a picnic. What happened in the Forbidden City that Tuesday?
| A．There were far more visitors coming than expected. |
| B．A large number of zones were opened to the visitors. |
| C．Over 7. 9 tons of garbage was collected. |
| D．More than 200, 000 visitors gathered there. |
What does the underlined word “overwhelmed” mean in Paragraph 6?
| A．Showed up. | B．Added to. |
| C．Reached beyond. | D．Filled in. |
The writer wrote this article to .
| A．advise traveling to different places to learn something |
| B．warn people not to climb those mountains on holiday |
| C．encourage people to change the travel plans according to the traffic |
| D．suggest we stay at home or go shopping during those holidays |
Which of the following might be the best title?
| A．Experiences from Different Travel Plans |
| B．Travel Peaks in China’s Tourist Sites |
| C．Floods of People to the Forbidden City |
| D．Problems with Traveling on Holiday |