阅读下面的短文，并用英语回答问题，请注意问题后的词数要求。
Why do young adult children become independent so much later than they did in 1970, when the average age of independent living was 21? Why have reduced class sizes and increased per－pupil expenditures(花销) not resulted in higher academic achievement levels? Why is the mental health of today's kids so poor when compared with that of children in the 1960s and before? Why do today's parents become defensive when told by teachers that their children have misbehaved in school?
The best answer is that parents play a different role in children’s growth, which also summarize the differences between “old” child raising and new, post－1960s parenting. Then, the overall philosophy was that parents were not to be highly involved with their kids. They were available in case of crisis, but they stood a (an) safe distance from their kids and allowed them to experience the benefits of the trial－and－error process. It was the child's job, back then, to keep his or her parents from getting involved. That was how children learned to be responsible and determined.
Today's parents help their kids with almost everything. These are parents who are confused when it comes to an understanding of their purpose in their kids' lives. Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids; thus the defensiveness. But given that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parental involvement for nearly four decades, the confusion and defensiveness are understandable.
University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parental participation in children's academics. Their conclusions confirmed what I've been saying since the 1980s: parental help with homework lowers a child's academic achievements and is not reflected on standardized tests.
Parents who manage a child's social life interfere with the development of good social skills. Parents who manage a child's after－school activities grow kids who don't know how to fill their own free time. Parents who get involved in their kids’ conflicts with peers grow kids who don't know how to avoid much less trouble.
These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and don't want to leave their home. And their parents, when the time comes, don't know how to stop being parents. You can imagine what will become of their future.
What accounts for the differences between parents of different period? (no more than 5 words)
What qualities could children gain in the form of “old” child raising? (no more than 4 words)
What usually do today’s parents do in the process of their children’s growth? (no more than 7 words)
How does the author evaluate parental participation in children’s academics? (no more than 5 words)
In what way do parents interfere with a child’s social life? (no more than 6 words)

科目 英语   题型 未知题型   难度 中等

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