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If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker (贴画) for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster”, did not work as well.
The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables — either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas — in laboratory taste tests, the study said.
Researchers randomly assigned (分派) 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where Parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day for 12 days. Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables—and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround(转机) also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later.
Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.
The purpose of writing the passage is .

A．to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet

B．to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables

C．to explain why children hate to eat vegetables

D．to present a proper way of verbal praise to parents

The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.

A．shoot from behind the back

B．make a fire in the backyard

C．produce an unexpected result

D．achieve what was planned

【改编】Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?

A．It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.

B．Children in the sticker group will be interested in eating vegetables.

C．Oral praise doesn’t work quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.

D．Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.

What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Children like rewards, not verbal praise.

B．Parents should give up verbal praise.

C．Children are difficult to inspire.

D．Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.

Italy is one country where beauty is prized more than any other virtue. That is, except in the small town of Piobbico, the self-declared World Capital of Ugly People. The road sign at the edge of the town even warns visitors that they are entering the ugly zone. People who consider themselves ugly have been gathering in Piobbico since the 1960s. That’s when Ugly Club president Telesforo Lacobelli established a dating agency for women who believed they were too ugly to attract husbands. Lacobelli believes that he is ugly himself because he has a short nose in a country where long or large noses have always been considered beautiful.
People from around the world travel to Piobbico to tell their sad stories of ugliness. During the annual Festival of the Ugly, which occurs on the first Sunday of every September, hundreds of people gather in Piobbico’s town square to elect the president of the Ugly Club. Lacobelli wins the election every year. The Ugly Club has over 20, 000 members. They carry ID cards that grade their ugliness from bearable to extreme. A prize is awarded to Ugly Club members who qualify as extremely ugly.
The Ugly Club president insists that ugliness is a virtue. Since beautiful people get a lot of attention for their beauty alone, they have to work hard to prove their other virtues. Ugly people, on the other hand, are genuine and do not have to prove anything to anybody, according to Lacobelli.
Lacobelli is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere. He believes that the uglier one is, the better life can be. Though the club enjoys making fun of beauty, especially beauty contests, Lacobelli has a serious side as well. He believes that too many people suffer from financial and emotional pressures because they don’t meet society’s standards of beauty. The fact that beautiful people are more successful in the workforce is a problem that Lacobelli has attempted to bring forward to the Italian public and government.
Piobbico is rather special in that .

A．it is a very small town

B．it is home to ugly people

C．it receives no visitors

D．it is the capital of Italy

Why is Lacobelli elected the president of the Ugly Club every year?

A．Because he is the ugliest person in the whole world.

B．Because his ugliness is always graded as bearable.

C．Because he is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere.

D．Because he has won the members’ trust and admiration.

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Ugly people are most respected in Italy.

B．The Festival of the Ugly is held every two years.

C．Ugly people are unfairly treated in society.

D．The uglier one is, the better life he or she lives.

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．The Ugly Capital of the World

B．The Ugliest Person of the World

C．Festival of the Ugly

D．Beauty Contests Should be Banned

Woman Uses Daughter's Key to "Steal" Car
Charlie Vansant, a college student of Athens, Ohio, who reported that his car was stolen, got a surprise when he learned a woman had mistaken it for her daughter's car and taken it — using her key.
Kate Anderson became an accidental car thief when picking up her daughter's car near an Ohio University building last week. Anderson spotted the Toyota Camry（丰田凯美瑞）and used her daughter's key to unlock the car, start the engine and drive home — without realizing that the car wasn't her daughter's.
When Charlie Vansant left class a short time later, he found only an empty parking spot. He first assumed the car had been towed, but when the police couldn't find a record of it, they took a theft report.
The morning after Anderson took the car, her daughter discovered the Camry in the driveway wasn't hers. Anderson said she was able to find Vansant's name on paperwork in the glove compartment and look up his phone number on the website for the university.
When Anderson told Charlie the car was in her driveway, "It sounded really suspicious at first, as she wanted to hold the thing for ransom (赎金) , ” said Vansant. He eventually went to the house with a police officer, where he was reunited with his car. According to the police report, the case was closed "because of mistaken car identity", and Anderson wasn't charged.
Vansant seemed to blame the car company more than the "thief". "Her key fit not only my lock, but my ignition（点火装置）as well — so high-five for Toyota, I guess." he said.
What does the underlined word "towed" mean in paragraph 3?

A．removed.	B．damaged.
C．stolen.	D．sold.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Mrs. Anderson's daughter discovered the car her mother drove was not hers.

B．Mrs. Anderson stole Charlie's car at the request of her daughter.

C．Charlie had thought he had to give Anderson money to get his car back.

D．Mrs. Anderson used her daughter's key to unlock Charlie's car and drive home.

What does Charlie mean by "high-five for Toyota"?

A．He is blaming Toyota for the poor quality of car keys.

B．He should thank Toyota for returning his car.

C．He wants to celebrate with Toyota for getting his car back.

D．He thinks highly of Toyota for producing large quantities of cars.

What is likely to happen next according to the passage?

A．Mrs. Anderson was charged with stealing a car.

B．Charlie blamed Mrs. Anderson for mistakenly taking his car.

C．Charlie would ask the Toyota Company to give him an explanation.

D．The Toyota Company would give Charlie a new car as compensation.

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Earnings example
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20 referrals (转送) click 10 ads per day = $2.00
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Your weekly earnings = $14.70
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What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A．To tell an interesting story.

B．To introduce a surprising way to earn money.

C．To solve a puzzling problem.

D．To present an exciting research.

You can earn money by ________.

A．chatting online

B．advertising some products

C．clicking on advertisement

D．choosing green ticks or x’s

What can we know from the passage?

A．You’ll earn $0.10 if you click 1 ad.

B．You’ll get many green ticks if you have many websites open.

C．Your AlertPay account is not for free.

D．You can get your payments through AlertPay.

【原创】Recently a series of reports appeared online in the United States and the United Kingdom lamenting(叹息) the “Lazy French”. A new labor law in France had apparently banned organizations from e-mailing their employees after 6 p.m. In fact, it turned out to be more a case of “lazy journalists” than “lazy French”: as The Economist explained, the “law” was not a law at all, but a labor agreement aimed at improving health among a group of professionals.
Brits and Americans have long suspected that the French are goofing off(吊儿郎当) while they – the good corporate soldiers—continue to toil away. They are proud about it, too. In the age of the smartphone, there’s no such things as “downtime”(停工期), and we claim that we are happier—and more productive – for it.
Are we, though? After reviewing thousands of books, articles and papers on the topic and interviewing dozens of experts in different fields, I don’t think so. When we are checking business news in bed or responding to co-workers. But, actually, we’re mostly just getting the small, easy things done. Being busy is not equal to being effective.
And let’s not forget about the surrounding play, which often distracts us from accomplishing our most important tasks. Facebook and Twitter report that their sites are most active during office hours. After all ,the employee who’s required to respond to her boss on Sunday morning will think nothing of responding to friends on Wednesday afternoon. Constant connection means that we’re “always at work”, yes, but also that we’re “never at work”—fully.
Some parts of the workforce do rely on constant connection. But others should be given proper breaks. The great technology historian, Melvin Kranzberg, said, “Technology is neither good nor bad, and nor is it neutral(中立的).” That statement should become a real principle of the information age. We must actively decide on our levels of technology engagement at different times to maximize productivity, success and happiness.
The author mentions “lazy French” at the beginning of the passage in order to __________.

A．criticize them for how they work

B．introduce the subject of working styles

C．show the way they work

D．explain how they differ from Americans and Brits

Why did the author review many materials and interview many experts?

A．It was his work to do that.

B．He needed to prepare plenty of materials for his work.

C．He wanted to prove that his working style was correct.

D．He wanted to find out which way of working was better.

What can we conclude from the passage?

A．We should make better use of technology.

B．Being busy makes us happier and more productive.

C．Small tasks can be done at home, but important ones must be done in the office.

D．In terms of working style, we should learn from the French.

A．Marco V.	B．La Nuit Francaise.
C．Language in use.	D．The “worst” party.