Thepurposeofkeepingfitistoavoi-优题课

The purpose of keeping fit is to avoid illness ,resist the mental and physical fatigue（疲劳）that make us more likely to contract infections ,and above all to feel more pleasure in being alive. Research has shown the value of a balanced diet ,fresh air, sunshine ,enough rest and some forms of regular exercise for everyone .If everyone followed this plan ,the number of people visiting the doctor and going to hospital would be considerably reduced.
Unfortunately ,although most people acknowledge the importance of physical fitness ,not enough of us put this into practice .We spend too much time watching others from the comfort of an armchair or a seat in the stand at a sports stadium.
One reason why people who are physically fit to live longer is that they do not put the heart under excessive strain（过度劳累）and so they reduce the risk of heart and blood vessel（血管）diseases .They also avoid suffering the consequences of weakened muscles ,which are the cause of a great deal of back and abdominal（腹部的）trouble.
About 640 muscles for about 45% of our body's weight ,they must have the ability to store energy and be continually supplied with fuel by the blood .Sensible exercise ,suited to each individual and preferably undertaken on the advice of a doctor ,is the best insurance of meeting these requirements.
Why do people want to prevent illness?

A．Because they want to avoid health.

B．Because they want to add mental and physical fatigue.

C．Because they want to feel happier and live longer.

D．Because they want to obtain much more money.

What happens to him if a man follows the plan given by the researchers?

A．He will be more exhausted（疲惫的）.

B．He will know his doctor very well.

C．He will do less work.

D．He may be less familiar with the hospital.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Everyone knows the importance of this plan.

B．Not all people do what the plan tells them to do.

C．Most people put the plan into practice.

D．No one wants to do with this plan.

科目英语题型阅读理解难度中等

Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows，while most likely contributing to fewer injuries．It does，however，have its own problem．

Race walkers are conditioned athletes．The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50﹣kilometer race walk，which is about five miles longer than the marathon．But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact（接触）with the ground at all times．It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity，however，says Jaclyn Norberg，an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem，Mass．

Like running，race walking is physically demanding，she says．According to most calculations，race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories（卡路里）per hour，which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking，although fewer than running，which would probably burn about 1，000 or more calories per hour．

However，race walking does not pound the body as much as running does，Dr． Norberg says．According to her research，runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step，while race walkers，who do not leave the ground，create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step．

As a result，she says，some of the injuries associated with running，such as runner's knee，are uncommon among race walkers．But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips，so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport．In fact，anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique，she says．It takes some practice．

（1）Why are race walkers conditioned athletes？　　

A．	They must run long distances．
B．	They are qualified for the marathon．
C．	They have to follow special rules．
D．	They are good at swinging their legs．

（2）What advantage does race walking have over running？　　

A．	It's more popular at the Olympics．
B．	It's less challenging physically．
C．	It's more effective in body building．
D．	It's less likely to cause knee injuries．

（3）What is Dr． Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking？　　

A．	Getting experts' opinions．
B．	Having a medical checkup．
C．	Hiring an experienced coach．
D．	Doing regular exercises．

（4）Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking？　　

A．	Skeptical．
B．	Objective．
C．	Tolerant．
D．	Conservative．

Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend．There's a welcome familarity ﹣but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both，and thus the relationship．But books don't change，people do．And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative．

The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register．It's true，the older I get，the more I feel time has wings．But with reading，it's all about the present．It's about the now and what one contributes to the now，because reading is a give and take between author and reader．Each has to pull their own weight．

There are three books I reread annually．The first，which I take to reading every spring，is Ernest Hemingway'sA Moveable Feast．Published in 1964，it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris．The language is almost intoxicating（令人陶醉的），an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time．Another is Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm，her poetic 1975 ramble（随笔）about everything and nothing．The third book is Julio Cortázar's Save Twilight：Selected Poems，because poetry．And because Cortázar．

While I tend to buy a lot of books，these three were given to me as gifts，which might add to the meaning I attach to them．But I imagine that，while money is indeed wonderful and necessary，rereading an author's work is the highest currencya reader can pay them．The best books are the ones that open further as time passes．But remember，it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends．

（1）Why does the author like rereading？　　

A．	It evaluates the writer﹣reader relationship．
B．	It's a window to a whole new world．
C．	It's a substitute for drinking with a friend．
D．	It extends the understanding of oneself．

（2）What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast？　　

A．	It's a brief account of a trip．
B．	It's about Hemingway's life as a young man．
C．	It's a record of a historic event．
D．	It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris．

（3）What does the underlined word "currency" in paragraph 4 refer to？　　

A．	Debt．
B．	Reward．
C．	Allowance．
D．	Face value．

（4）What can we infer about the author from the text？　　

A．	He loves poetry．
B．	He's an editor．
C．	He's very ambitious．
D．	He teaches reading．

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Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services．The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7：30 am to 5：00 pm and is located （位于）at Roma Street station．

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Guardian trains（outbound）

Depart	Origin	Destination	Arrive
6：42pm	Altandi	Varsity Lakes	7：37pm
7：29pm	Central	Varsity Lakes	8：52pm
8：57pm	Fortitude Valley	Varsity Lakes	9：52pm
11：02pm	Roma Street	Varsity Lakes	12：22am

（1）What would you do to get ticket information？　　

A．	Call 13 16 17．
B．	Visit translink．com．au．
C．	Ask at the local station．
D．	Check the train schedule．

（2）At which station can you find the lost property office？　　

A．	Altandi．
B．	Roma Street．
C．	Varsity Lakes．
D．	Fortitude Valley．

（3）Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes？　　

A．	6：42 pm．
B．	7：29 pm．
C．	8：57 pm．
D．	11：02 pm．

I was in the middle of the Amazon （亚马逊） with my wife，who was there as a medical researcher．We flew on a small plane to a faraway village．We did not speak the local language，did not know the customs，and more often than not，did not entirely recognize the food．We could not have felt more foreign．

We were raised on books and computers，highways and cell phones，but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity．It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood．

Then one perfect Amazonian evening，with monkeys calling from beyond the village green，we played soccer．I am not good at soccer，but that evening it was wonderful．Everyone knew the rules．We all spoke the same language of passes and shots．We understood one another perfectly．As darkness came over the field and the match ended，the goal keeper，Juan，walked over to me and said in a matter﹣of﹣fact way，"In your home，do you have a moon too？" I was surprised．

After I explained to Juan that yes，we did have a moon and yes，it was very similar to his，I felt a sort of awe（敬畏） at the possibilities that existed in his world．In Juan's world，each village could have its own moon．In Juan's world，the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous．Anything was possible．

In our society，we know that Earth has only one moon．We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find．I can，from my computer at home，pull up satellite images of Juan's village．There are no more continents and no more moons to search for，little left to discover．At least it seems that way．

Yet，as I thought about Juan's question，I was not sure how much more we could really rule out．I am，in part，an ant biologist，so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown．How much，though？ How ignorant （无知的） are we？The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me．

I began collecting newspaper articles about new species，new monkey，new spider…，and on and on they appear．My drawer quickly filled．I began a second drawer for more general discoveries：new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species，four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach．The second drawer began to fill and as it did，I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there，not just species，but life that depends on things thought to be useless，life even without DNA．I started a third drawer for these big discoveries．It fills more slowly，but all the same，it fills．

In looking into the stories of biological discovery，I also began to find something else，a collection of scientists，usually brilliant，occasionally half﹣mad，who made the discoveries．Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see，but they pay more attention to them，and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion（穷尽），and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers．In looking for the stories of discovery，I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world．

We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover．We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms （生物），and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters．Yet，when something new turns up，more often than not，we do not even know its name．

（1）How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon？　　

A．	Out of place．
B．	Full of joy．
C．	Sleepy．
D．	Regretful．

（2）What made that Amazonian evening wonderful？　　

A．	He learned more about the local language．
B．	They had a nice conversation with each other．
C．	They understood each other while playing．
D．	He won the soccer game with the goal keeper．

（3）Why was the author surprised at Juan's question about the moon？　　

A．	The question was too straightforward．
B．	Juan knew so little about the world．
C．	The author didn't know how to answer．
D．	The author didn't think Juan was sincere．

（4）What was the author's initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles？　　

A．	To sort out what we have known．
B．	To deepen his research into Amazonians．
C．	To improve his reputation as a biologist．
D．	To learn more about local cultures．

（5）How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries？　　

A．	They shifted their viewpoints frequently．
B．	They followed other scientists closely．
C．	They often criticized their fellow scientists．
D．	They conducted in﹣depth and close studies．

（6）What could be the most suitable title for the passage？　　

A．	The Possible and the Impossible
B．	The Known and the Unknown
C．	The Civilized and the Uncivilized
D．	The Ignorant and the Intelligent

For those who can stomach it，working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first，according to a study of meal timing and physical activity．

Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance．However，far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health．

To find out，British scientists conducted a study．They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men，whose lifestyles are，for better and worse，representative of those of most of us．They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic （新陈代谢的） rates and took samples （样品） of their blood and fat tissue．

Then，on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab，each man walked for an hour at an average speed that，in theory，should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel． Before one of these workouts，the men skipped breakfast， meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast（禁食）．On the other occasion，they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking．

Just before and an hour after each workout，the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue．

Then they compared the samples．There were considerable differences．Most obviously，the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten．As a result，they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first．On the other hand，they burned slightly more calories（卡路里）， on average，during the workout after breakfast than after fasting．

But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant，the researchers found Multiple genes behaved differently，depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking．Many of these genes produce proteins （蛋白质） that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin（胰岛素） levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health．These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted．

The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise，it may be wise to skip eating first．

（1）The underlined expression "stomach it" in Paragraph 1 most probably means " 　　"．

A．	digest the meal easily
B．	manage without breakfast
C．	decide wisely what to eat
D．	eat whatever is offered

（2）Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment？　　

A．	Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people．
B．	Their lack of exercise led to overweight．
C．	They could walk at an average speed．
D．	They had slow metabolic rates．

（3）What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise？　　

A．	They successfully lost weight．
B．	They consumed a bit more calories．
C．	They burned more fat on average．
D．	They displayed higher insulin levels．

（4）What could be learned from the research？　　

A．	A workout after breakfast improves gene performances．
B．	Too much workout often slows metabolic rates．
C．	Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise．
D．	Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health．