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Recently a new science behind incentives(激励),   ___  (include) in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children  ___  (do) better in school. ___ some cases, he gave students incentives based on input(输入), like reading certain books, while in  ___, the incentives           _    (base) on output, like results on exams. His main   __  (find) was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be    ____ (effect) because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over    ___  they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have   __  much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again   you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.

科目 英语   题型 填空题   难度 中等
知识点: 语法填空
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阅读下面短文,根据上下文填入适当的词语,或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空,(不多于3个单词)并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。
Tom: Sandy. It seems that only half of the students passed the final exam.
Sandy: Really? The examhave been very difficult this time.
Tom: Well, I’m really(surprise) too. There are many students who definitely didn’t fail. According to Jack, there are eight boys in his class who failed, (include) himself and Scott.
Sandy: Oh! Scott is of the top students in the college. What about his sister, Kate? Did she pass?
Tom: Oh, yes. It seems she (get) good marks.
Sandy: That’s (absolute) unbelievable! Scott was much better student than his sister, and has been working so hard for the last few months.
Tom: It seems (fair), doesn’t it? But, from I’ve heard, perhaps he worked too hard. He was ill during the week of the exam.
Sandy: Oh, I see. These things happen, sometimes. I suppose the teacher will take his illness into account and give him a pass.
Tom: Well, there is a rumor going around the head of the Department is leaving.
Sandy: Because of the bad result, you mean?
Tom: Well, I suppose so. I’m not sure. Maybe Mr. Smith is going to be the new Department Head.

M: Michelle D: Drake
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