Recently a new science behind incentives(激励), _ (include) in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children
_ __ (do) better in school. _
_ _ some cases, he gave students incentives based on input(输入), like reading certain books, while in _
_ _, the incentives
_ (base) on output, like results on exams. His main
_ _ (find) was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be
_ ____ (effect) because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over
_ ___ they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have _ __ much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again
_ you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.
David：You look so sad today, Lucy．What’s wrong with you?
Lucy：I quarreled with my husband this morning.
David：How come? You (get) on quite well these years，right ?
Lucy：He has recently got into the bad habit of smoking，believing that smoking is enjoyment．And I’m afraid his health will become worse
he doesn’t give it up．
David：I think you can find some ways (help) him kick the bad habit．
Lucy：He always wants to quit，it seems that he has been too addicted to smoking．David，can you help me?
David：Try to get his attention (take)away when he wants to smoke．For example, you can let him eat some biscuits instead when he wants to smoke．You can also try electronic cigarettes
are said to contain no harmful chemicals．Remember, don’t expect him to give up smoking all at once．In other
．decrease the number slowly．Let him smoke
(little) day by day, and then he might be able to quit smoking for ever．
Lucy：Sounds great! I will try it at once．
David: By the way, I know a man who has (success) quit smoking. You can turn to him for advice if necessary．
How to learn a foreign language? Here are some tips for you.
Spend the time! The time you spend on a language, the faster you will learn. This means listening, reading, writing, speaking, and studying words and phrases. This means finding
(特别的) ways to spend as much as time
(体会) the language you are learning as possible.
Listen and read every day! Listen w you are on your MP3 player. Read what you are listening to. Listen to and read things that you like, things that you can m
understand, or even partly understand.
Take (责任) for your own learning! If you do want to learn the language, take control. Choose content of interest that you want to listen and read. Pay
(注意) to the words and phrases that you need to understand. Do not w
for someone else to show you the language. Talk when you feel like it. Write when you feel like it.
Relax and enjoy ! Do not worry about what you cannot remember, or cannot yet understand. It does not matter. You are learning and improving. The language will
(逐渐) become much clearer in your brain. So sit back and enjoy.
MOOC，a massive open online course，(aim)at providing large-scale interactive participation and open access via the web．MOOCs first made waves in the fall of 2011，when Professor Sebastian Thrun from Stanford University opened his graduate-level artificial
(intelligent)course up to any student anywhere，and 160，000 students in more than 190 countries
(sign)up．This new kind
online classes is shaking up the higher education worid in many ways．Since the courses can be taken by hundreds of thousands of students at the same time.
number of universities might decrease dramatically．Perhaps the most striking thing about MOOCs，many of
are being taught by professors at famous universities，is that they’re free．This is
(certain)good news for cash-strapped students．
There is a lot of excitement and fear surrounding MOOCs．While some say free online courses are a great way (increase)the enrollment of minority students，others have said they will leave many students behind．Some critics have said that MOOts promote an unrealistic one-size-fits-all model of higher education
that there is no replacement for true dialogues between professors and their students．After all，a brain is not a computer．We are not blank hard drives
(wait)to be filled with data．People learn from people they love and remember the things that arouse emotion．
As we all know, games play a very important role in the growth of children. Children should grow along with playing games; for, they can not only acquire knowledge playing games, but also train their abilities to get along with others.
However, most children are faced with completely different situation. Most parents fear that games will prevent children from increasing new knowledge and
the children will fail in the future examinations. So, instead of letting the children themselves find and learn naturally from their surroundings,
force their children to take part in various kinds of classes, learning English, playing the piano or practising drawing, etc.
, some parents put away the children’s toys which are very useful in developing children’s imagination and practical abilities.
is a piece of good advice to those parents:
you want to expect your child to be able to accomplish something, you must first of all develop his ability to adapt
the new surroundings. That kind of education can lead to nothing but a failure in the children’s growth.
When I was young, we lived in what is now a forest preserve. People had the bad habit of abandoning dogs, ______ drove my poor mother crazy! We were not rich and already had a dog.
Looking out of the window my mother complained to us about the________(responsible) and cruel person, who had just thrown a dog. We ______
___(tell) to stay away from the dog as we could not afford it. I felt _______
__(extreme) upset, and I couldn’t believe my mother refused to help the animal. She said, “Here we are not the only one. Let ____
_____take care of the creature.
_____poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved. I was very sad, __
_ dared not say anything to my mother. _____
___(late) that day I couldn’t find my mother in the house. I looked in every room but she was gone. Then I saw my mother ____
_ (come) home with the dog. We kids ran outside to greet our new friend. My mother didn’t say _____
_she had changed her mind. It’s not what you say. It’s what you do.