When tea was first brought to England between 1652 and 1654, it was so expensive that only the rich could buy it. It was said that an old couple had some sent to them as a great treat. But they did not know how it ought to be used. Eventually they boiled the leaves, put some of them on a piece of bacon for dinner, ate the leaves, and threw the tea soup away. However, tea quickly proved popular enough to replace ale(麦芽酒)as the national drink of England after King Charles II and his Portuguese wife began to follow this foreign tea tradition.
Before the introduction of tea into Britain, the English had two main meals — breakfast and dinner. Breakfast was ale, bread and beef. Dinner was a long, massive meal at the end of the day. It was no wonder that Anna, the Duchess of Bedford (1788 — 1861) experienced a “sinking feeling” in the late afternoon. So she invited friends to join her for an additional afternoon meal at five o’clock in her castle. The menu centered around small cakes, bread and butter sandwiches, and, of course, tea. This summer practice proved so popular that the Duchess continued it when she returned to London, sending cards to her friends asking them to join her for “tea and a walking the fields”.
The practice of inviting friends to come for tea in the afternoon was quickly picked up by other social hostesses. A common pattern of service soon came into practice. The first pot of tea was made in the kitchen and carried to the lady of the house who waited with her invited guests, surrounded by fine porcelain(瓷器)from China. The first pot was warmed by the hostess from a second pot (usually silver) that was kept heated over a small flame. Food and tea was then passed among the guests, the main purpose of the visiting being conversation.The story of the old couple in Paragraph 1 is to show ____________.
| A.how impolite the old couple were |
| B.how English people cooked tea |
| C.how difficult it was to introduce tea to England |
| D.how little English people knew about tea in those days |
The underlined phrase “sinking feeling” in Paragraph 2 refers to a feeling of ____________.
| A.hunger | B.loneliness |
| C.thirst | D.anger |
According to the passage, the key factors of a typical afternoon tea include ____________.
a. cakes and bread
b. a massive meal
c. tea d. ale
e. fine porcelain
f. silver tea pot
g. a small flame
| A.a, b, c, d, f | B.a, c, e, f, g |
| C.a, b, e, f, g | D.a, c, d, e, g |
We can know from the passage that afternoon tea ____________.
| A.leads to the wide planting and large production of tea in England |
| B.helps bring King Charles II and his wife together in their childhood |
| C.is not only an additional afternoon meal but helps bring people together |
| D.contributes to the increasingly high price of tea and porcelain in England |
Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District
2015 High School Video Contest
Here’s the Scoop on Pet Waste!
Submission Deadline March 27, 2015.
| Eligibility Ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students that attend schools located in Bartow, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Fulton, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Hall, Henry, Paulding and Rockdale counties are invited to participate in the video contest. Entries can be a team or individual effort. Guidelines » Each video must be uploaded to YouTube. The video’s YouTube link must be included in the entry/release form. » Team members must be from the same school. » The video must be between 30-60 seconds in length. » No professional assistance or use of copyright material is allowed, including background music. » Each student participating in the contest or appearing in the video must fill out a form. For teams, submit an entry/release form for each team member. » One video per team or individual. » All entry/release forms must be postmarked or received by Friday, March 27, 2015. Email: kvaIlianos@atlantaregional.com OR Mail: 2015 Water Video Contest Metro Water District 40 Courtland Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30303 |
Judging Submissions will be judged based on the following criteria: » incorporation of the “Here’s the Scoop on Pet Waste’’ message. Use the "Here's the Scoop on Pet Waste’’ messaging fact sheet for background information on the issue. » Composition (length, technical construction, audio quality). » Entertainment value. » Accuracy of information. » Creativity. Prizes » 1st Place $1500 » 2nd Place $1000 »3rd Place $500 50% of the prize money will go to the individual or team who submits the video and 50% to the high school they attend. Winners will be notified directly. |
| Page 1 of 3 www.northgeorgiawater.org |
What does the underlined word “Eligibility” probably mean?
| A.Age. | B.Qualification. |
| C.Location. | D.Grade. |
When entering the contest, ________.
| A.one must ask his or her teacher to sign the entry form |
| B.winners can earn at least $750 as a prize |
| C.one can invite friends from other schools to act in the video |
| D.participants had better add some humor and fun to the video |
E
However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________.
| A.weighing the choice of opportunities |
| B.reducing missed opportunities |
| C.making more money |
| D.taking more opportunities |
The “leftover ... time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________.
| A.taken to have dinner with friends |
| B.spared for watching the match at home |
| C.saved from not going to watch the match |
| D.spent on the way to and from the match |
What are forgone opportunities?
| A.Opportunities you make up for. |
| B.Opportunities you forget in decision-making. |
| C.Opportunities you give up for better ones. |
| D.Opportunities you miss accidentally. |
What is the author’s attitude towards the concept of “opportunity cost”?
| A.Indifferent | B.Negative |
| C.Subjective | D.Objective |
D
Mars was the first planet that humans attempted to get to. Since the 1960’s, scientists have been working to learn more information about the Mars’ past, We now know that Mars was once a warm, wet place with great oceans and deep rivers. We also know that about 3.7 billion years ago, all that water disappeared when the planet lost its air. But why did the atmosphere on Mars change so greatly?
NASA had launched the MAVEN spacecraft in the hope of answering that very question. MAVEN will study the remains of Mars’ air and help scientists figure out what became of the rest of it.
The spacecraft was launched on Monday, November 18, 2013, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The trip to Mars takes about 10 months. and MAVEN is scheduled to go into orbit in September 2014. It is the first spacecraft created with the purpose of studying Mars’ atmosphere. Its wings measures 37.5 feet not quite the length of a school bus, and it weighs 1991 pounds about the same amount as a small car. MAVEN is equipped with eight different tools to measure and study the planet’s atmosphere. To collect information, it will fly in orbit as fast as 3278 miles per hour, and as slow as 93 miles per hour.
Once it arrived at Mars, MAVEN will have plenty of company. The spacecraft Curiosity is still walking around the planet’s rocky surface, studying the geology, chemistry and possible biology there. NASA currently has a number of spacecrafts getting unique views of Mars with powerful cameras and telescopes. These missions are all slow, steady steps forward to discover Mars secret past. While the results may not be revealed for some time, an exciting exploration is on the way.We can learn from the first paragraph that________
| A.all the scientists wanted to live on Mars |
| B.people have had a better knowledge of Mars nowadays |
| C.spaceships have been sent up to Mars since 1960s |
| D.all the water on Mars has been gone for ten billion years |
The MAVEN spacecraft has been launched with the purpose of________
| A.analyzing the change of the atmosphere on Mars |
| B.assisting Curiosity in studying the surface of Mars. |
| C.analyzing what is contained in Mars’ air |
| D.checking whether water still exists on Mars |
It can be inferred from, the text that__________.
| A.many different tasks will be given to MAVEN when it lands on Mars |
| B.many spacecrafts are working around Mars to study its water |
| C.more wonderful things about Mars will be found in the future |
| D.more spacecraft will be sent up to help Curiosity |
What is the best title of this text?
| A.A new finding on Mars |
| B.A new spacecraft sent to Mars |
| C.The rapid development of Mars |
| D.The great change of the Mars’ atmosphere |
C
Free Fun Guides
What is new about this year’s Museum Day?
| A.People will get free tickets online. |
| B.Two museums offer free admission. |
| C.People must buy tickets for visiting a museum. |
| D.People can visit museums online and get a small gift. |
The main purpose of the passage is to___________.
| A.introduce ways to save money |
| B.help people who are very poor |
| C.give guidance on how to have some fun |
| D.provide information about free things to do |
How can kids get a free book?
| A.By reading eighty books at any Barnes & Noble. |
| B.By downloading and printing out a passport before October. |
| C.By signing up for a summer reading program and choosing one of the books they have read. |
| D.By signing up for a winter reading program and make a list of the books. |
Which of the following shows the similarity between Museum Day and Free Night of Theater?
| A.They last for the same length of time |
| B.The same number of free tickets is given away. |
| C.The tickets can be used in any U.S. city |
| D.They take place once a year. |
B
IKEA is the world’s largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world’s most successful businessmen. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. He used it to start up a business—IKEA.IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ('E' and 'A').
IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order book in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad’s home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line.Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became a pure furniture company in 1951.
In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales boosted. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having meanings of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.
Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world’s richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retired from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing.The author states in Paragraph 4 that flat packaging___________.
| A.needs large space to store furniture |
| B.is a business concept inspired by Kamprad |
| C.helps reduce transportation costs |
| D.makes the company self-sufficient |
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A.Ingvar Kamprad established IKEA and succeeded. |
| B.IKEA is the world’s largest furniture retailer. |
| C.The advantages of IKEA’s furniture. |
| D.Ingvar Kamprad was a natural businessman. |
What can you learn about IKEA form the passage?
| A.The starter kept IKEA a company operated by a few people |
| B.The furniture was made by manufacturers in Kamprad’s home |
| C.The starter made a big fortune when he was a child |
| D.The goods sold in IKEA are limited and not welcomed |
The passage is written mainly in terms of ___________.
| A.examples that illustrate a problem |
| B.order of events |
| C.analysis of a process |
| D.comparison and contrast |