Would you like to explore (开发) the oceans? Do you want to find life than we imagine there? For Jacques Cousteau, the answer was “yes”. His career was a life-long dream, and he is
(probable) the most famous ocean scientist in recent times.
Cousteau was born in France in 1910. Even a child, he loved water. Cousteau was bright,
he got bored with school and began to cause trouble. His parents sent him to a strict boarding school. There, Cousteau finally felt
(challenge). He studied hard and did well in all his courses. In 1933, he served as a general officer in the French Navy. He also began to explore the life under the water. He worked
a breathing machine to stay under water longer. It was finished in 1943.
In 1948, Cousteau became a captain, and he had new duties. Even so, he continued to explore the oceans. Two years later, he became the president of the French Oceanographic Campaigns. He also bought a ship (help) with his dives. But he
(need) a way to get money for his trips. To do that, he produced many films and published a number of books. His films include “The Silent World (1956)”, “World without Sun (1966)”. One of his books is “The Living Sea (1963)”.
In 1974, he founded the Cousteau Society, function was to further oceanic research and to encourage people to help protect the oceans and the life within them.
Cousteau won many honors for his work, (include) the Medal of Freedom and membership in the French Academy in 1989.
| A. Connect with Your Audience B. Get Your Facts Straight C. Choose a Good Topic D. Be Prepared for Mishaps E. Ask Proper Questions AB. Learn some Useful Tips on Presentation |
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| A. focus B. examining C. expressive D. communication E. significantly AB. neglect AC. distinguishing AD. reliably AE. recognition BC. considerate |
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in 42facial expressions – and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀地) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners 43their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and 44the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human 45of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to 46convey emotion in a cross-cultural situation.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the 47of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western people and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of 48faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral (中立的). They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made 49more errors than did Westerners. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, 50how cultural factors have differed in these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
| A. A sense of humour is not an inborn ability. B. A sense of humour can be developed in our life. C. A sense of humour helps us from several aspects. D. A sense of humour means more than telling jokes. E. A sense of humour can be expressed in many ways. F. A sense of humour helps people to better enjoy life. |
As awareness of the cenefits of humour increases, most of us want to get all the langhs we can. It seems that almost every day there is another new discovery about the power of humour to help us physically, mentally, cmotionally, and sp[iritually. Every system of the body responds to langhter in some important or positive way .Many pcople mistakenly believe that we are born with a sense of humour. They think that when it comes to a sense of humour. “either you have got it or you don't .” This is
false! What is true, however, is that the ability to laugh and smile is actually something we are born with. For example, we laugh when we are tickled under the arm, even without thinking about how to react.
The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth in human infants, but that is not the same thing as having a sense of humour. (After all, when a baby laughs in his small bed we don’t rush over and say, “That kid has a great sense of humour!”) Your sense of humour is something you can develop over a lifetime. Don’t be nervous before others and try to laugh at yourself-then you will make them laugh too.
Humour includes a lot more than laughing and joke telling. Many people worry needlessly that they do not have a good sense of humour because they are not good joke tellers. More than jokes, a sense of humour requires being willing and able to see the funny side of life’s situations as they happen. In fact, one of the best definitions（定义）of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation.”
There may be a thousand different ways to express your sense of humour, but joke telling is only one of those ways. As more is discovered about how humour benefits our life, more people will be able to see and enjoy the humour when they are in a difficult situation. Life depends on air, food and water, but it is made easier to live with a good sense of humour.
Tom : Hi, Cathy. ___1__
Cathy: I have to finish my project on the history of the Internet. What about you?
Tom : 2If it’s fine, we’ll go camping. Would you like to join us? Cathy: I’d like to, but the deadline for my project is next Monday.
Tom : What a pity! 3
Cathy: Yes, please. Can you suggest any good reference books?
Tom : You may want to read Origins of the Internet and The Digital Future.
Cathy: I’m reading the two books. 4
Tom : Go to the Science Museum website, and you’ll find lots of up-to-date information.
Cathy: Good idea. Thanks for your help.
Tom : 5
| A．Never mind. | B．Don’t mention it. |
| C．Any other suggestions? | D．Will you come next time? |
E.it depends on the weather F.Anything I can do for you G.What are you up to this weekeed?
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.
One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.
The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.
It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?
What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organization?
After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation ___________________________.
From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is ____________________________________ that make(s) an organization more successful.